鹿草，中药名。为菊科植物鹿草（Stemmacanthacarthamoides(Willd.)Dittrich[Rhaponticumcarthamoides(Willd.)IIjin]）的根。春、秋季采挖，洗净，切片晒干。生于海拔2000～2700m的山坡草地、草甸，分布于新疆。味甘，性平，具有益气健脾、安神、健脑的功效，常用于倦怠乏力、食欲不振、神经衰弱。
Lu-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the root of the chrysanthemum family plant Stemmacantha carthamoides (Stemmacanthacarthamoides(Willd.)Dittrich[Rhaponticumcarthamoides(Willd.)IIjin]). It is harvested in spring and autumn, washed, sliced, and dried. It grows on mountain slopes and meadows at an altitude of 2000-2700 meters and is distributed in Xinjiang. It has a sweet taste, neutral nature, and the functions of invigorating qi, strengthening the spleen, calming the mind, and nourishing the brain. It is often used for fatigue, poor appetite, and neurasthenia.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

益气健脾，安神，健脑。
Tonifying qi and invigorating the spleen, calming the mind, and nourishing the brain.

主治 Indications

倦怠乏力，食欲不振，神经衰弱。
Fatigue, lack of energy, poor appetite, and neurasthenia.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3～10g；或制成酊剂。
Internal administration: Decoction, 3-10g; or prepared as a tincture.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、秋季采挖，洗净，切片晒干。
Harvest and process: Harvest in spring or autumn, wash, slice, and sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科植物鹿草。
Plant species: Chrysanthemum indicum, a plant in the Asteraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，高60～80cm。根状茎粗厚。茎直立，不分枝，被稀疏的蛛丝毛，直径1cm。中下部茎叶较大，有短柄或几无柄；叶片全形椭圆形、倒针形或披针形，长13～16cm，宽约7cm，羽状深裂或几全裂；侧裂片5～8对，披针形或长披针形，顶裂片较大，全部裂片边缘有锯齿；向上的叶及接头状花序下部的叶渐小，无柄，披针形，边缘有锯齿或不规则羽状分裂；全部叶质地薄，两面绿色，两面沿脉有极稀疏的蛛丝毛。头状花序，单生茎顶；总苞半球形，直径5～6cm，总苞片通常12层，覆瓦状排列，向内层渐长，附属物卵形、宽三角形或近菱形，长宽可达7mm，两面被稠密的白色长柔毛；内层及最内层披针形及线状披针形，不包括先端附属物长1.5～1.8cm，宽2～3mm，先端附属物长卵形，褐色，两面被稠密的白色长柔毛，长6～8mm，宽2～5mm；小花全部为两性，紫红色，花冠长2.5cm，细管部长1.4cm，花冠裂片长7mm，线形。瘦果，长椭圆形，长7mm，宽2mm，褐色，有4棱，棱间有明显的间肋；冠毛多层，向内层渐长，长达1.8cm，基部连合成环，整体脱落；冠毛刚毛短羽毛状。花果期7月。
Perennial herb, 60-80cm tall. It has a thick rhizome. The stem is erect, unbranched, sparsely covered with silk-like hairs, and has a diameter of 1cm. The lower and middle stem leaves are larger, with short or nearly absent petioles; the leaf blade is elliptic, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 13-16cm long, about 7cm wide, deeply lobed or partially lobed; there are 5-8 pairs of lateral lobes, lanceolate or long lanceolate, with the terminal lobe being larger, and all lobes have serrated edges; the upper leaves and the lower leaves of the corymb are gradually smaller, sessile, lanceolate, with serrated edges or irregularly pinnately lobed; all leaves are thin, green on both sides, with extremely sparse silk-like hairs along the veins. The capitulum is solitary at the top of the stem; the involucre is hemispherical, 5-6cm in diameter, usually with 12 layers of involucral bracts, arranged in a tile-like manner, with the inner layers gradually longer, and the appendages are oval, wide triangular, or nearly rhomboid, up to 7mm in length and width, densely covered with white long soft hairs on both sides; the inner and innermost bracts are lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, excluding the appendages at the apex, which are 1.5-1.8cm long, 2-3mm wide, oblong at the apex, brown, densely covered with white long soft hairs on both sides, 6-8mm long, 2-5mm wide; all florets are bisexual, purple-red, with a corolla 2.5cm long, a slender tube 1.4cm long, and corolla lobes 7mm long, linear. The achene is long elliptic, 7mm long, 2mm wide, brown, with 4 edges and distinct ribs between the edges; the pappus is multilayered, gradually longer towards the inner layers, up to 1.8cm long, basally connate into a ring, and sheds as a whole; the pappus is bristly with short plumose hairs. Flowering and fruiting period is in July.

生长环境 Habitat

生于海拔2000～2700m的山坡草地、草甸。
Born on mountain slopes and meadows at an altitude of 2000 to 2700 meters.