毛薯，中药名。为薯蓣科薯蓣属植物参薯DioscoreaalataL.的块茎。植物参薯，浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南、西藏等地常有栽培。具有健脾止泻，益肺滋肾，解毒敛疮之功效。主治脾虚泄泻，肾虚遗精，带下，小便频数，虚劳咳嗽，消渴，疮疡溃烂，汤火伤。
Mao-shu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the tuber of Dioscorea alata L., a plant of the Dioscoreaceae family. It is commonly cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions. It is known for its effects of tonifying the spleen and stopping diarrhea, nourishing the lungs and kidneys, detoxifying, and healing sores. It is used to treat spleen deficiency diarrhea, kidney deficiency with spermatorrhea, leukorrhea, frequent urination, asthenic cough, thirst, ulceration, and scalds.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

健脾止泻，益肺滋肾，解毒敛疮。
Tonifying the spleen to stop diarrhea, nourishing the lungs and kidneys, detoxifying and healing sores.

主治 Indications

脾虚泄泻，肾虚遗精，带下，小便频数，虚劳咳嗽，消渴，疮疡溃烂，汤火伤。
Spleen deficiency causing diarrhea, kidney deficiency leading to spermatorrhea, abnormal vaginal discharge, frequent urination, asthenic cough, polydipsia, ulceration, and scalds or burns.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；或入丸、散。外用：适量，研末敷。
Internal use: decoction, 9-15g; or in pill or powder form. External use: appropriate amount, ground into powder for application.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

新鲜块茎据云有毒，可治麻醉；煮或炒熟后即无毒，可供食用。
Fresh tubers are said to be toxic and can be used for anesthesia; once boiled or stir-fried, they become non-toxic and can be consumed as food.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《植物名实图考》：“江西、湖南有一种扁阔者，俗呼脚板薯，味淡。其子谓之零余子，野生者结荚作三棱，形如风车。”
Illustrated Catalog of Plant Names and Realities: "In Jiangxi and Hunan, there is a broad and flat variety commonly known as 'footboard potato' with a mild taste. Its seeds are called 'lingyu seeds'; wild ones form triangular pods resembling windmills."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：冬初挖掘块茎，洗去泥土；或放在缸内，盖沙贮藏。
Harvesting and processing: Dig up the tubers at the beginning of winter, wash off the soil, and either use fresh or store in jars covered with sand.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：呈不规则圆柱形，长7-14cm，直径2-4cm，表面浅棕黄色至棕黄色，有纵皱纹，常有未除尽的栓皮痕迹，质坚实，断面淡黄色，散有少量淡棕色小点。无臭，味甜微酸，有粘性。
Characteristics of the medicinal material: Irregularly cylindrical, 7–14 cm long and 2–4 cm in diameter, with a surface ranging from light brownish-yellow to brownish-yellow and longitudinal wrinkles. Often bears traces of unremoved cork, has a solid texture, and a pale yellow cross-section with scattered light brownish spots. Odorless, slightly sweet and sour taste, sticky.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：薯蓣科薯蓣属植物参薯。
Plant species: Dioscorea alata, a plant of the Dioscoreaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生缠绕草质藤本。野生者块茎多为长圆柱形；栽培者块茎变异较大，呈长圆柱形、圆锥形、球形、扁圆形而重叠，或有分支。茎右旋，无毛，通常有四条狭翅，基部有时有刺。单叶，在茎下部的互生，中部以上的对生；叶柄绿色或带紫红色，长4-15cm；叶片绿色或带紫红色，纸质，卵形至卵圆形，长6-20cm，宽4-13cm，先端短渐尖、尾尖或凸尖，基部心形、深心形至箭形，有时为戟形，两耳钝，两面无毛；叶腋内有大小不等的珠芽，珠芽多为球形、卵形或倒卵形。雌雄异株；雄花序为穗状花序，长1.5-4cm，通常2至数个簇生或单生于花序轴上排列成圆锥花序，花序轴明显地呈“之”字状曲折，雄花的外轮花被片为宽卵形，内轮倒卵形，雄蕊6；雌花序为穗状花序，1-3个着生于叶腋，雌花的外轮花被片为宽卵形，内轮为倒卵状长圆形，较小而厚，退化雄蕊6，子房下位，花柱3，分离。蒴果三棱状扁圆形，长1.5-2.5cm，宽2.5-4.5cm。种子四周有膜质翅。花期11月至翌年1月，果期12月至翌年1月。
Perennial twining herbaceous vine. Wild tubers are mostly long cylindrical; cultivated tubers vary greatly in shape—long cylindrical, conical, spherical, oblate, overlapping, or branched. The stem twines to the right, is hairless, usually has four narrow wings, and sometimes bears thorns at the base. Leaves are alternate in the lower part of the stem and opposite in the upper part. Petioles are green or purplish-red, 4–15 cm long. Leaf blades are green or purplish-red, papery, ovate to broadly oval, 6–20 cm long and 4–13 cm wide, with short acuminate, caudate, or obtuse apex, cordate to deeply cordate or sagittate base (sometimes hastate), with blunt auricles, and glabrous on both sides. Bulbils of varying sizes occur in leaf axils, mostly spherical, ovate, or obovate. Plants are dioecious. Male inflorescences are spike-like, 1.5–4 cm long, usually occurring in clusters of two or more or solitary along the axis forming panicles; the rachis is distinctly zigzag. Outer tepals of male flowers are broadly ovate, inner ones are obovate; six stamens present. Female inflorescences are spike-like, one to three per axil. Outer tepals of female flowers are broadly ovate, inner ones are obovate-oblong, smaller and thicker, with six rudimentary stamens. Ovary inferior, three separate styles. Capsule is triangular and flattened, 1.5–2.5 cm long, 2.5–4.5 cm wide. Seeds have membranous wings around the margin. Flowering period: November to January; fruiting period: December to January.

分布区域 Distribution Area

浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南、西藏等地常有栽培。
Commonly cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions.