牛蒡，中药名。为菊科牛蒡属植物牛蒡ArctiumlappaL.的果实（牛蒡子）和根。牛蒡分布于东北、西北、中南、西南及河北、山西、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、广西等地。果实具有疏散风热，宣肺透疹，散结解毒之功效；根具有清热解毒，疏风利咽之功效。果实常用于风热感冒，头痛，咽喉肿痛，流行性腮腺炎，疹出不透，痈疖疮疡；根常用于风热感冒，咳嗽，咽喉肿痛，疮疖肿毒，脚癣，湿疹。
Niu-bang, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the fruit (Niu-bang-zi) and root of Arctium lappa L., a plant of the Asteraceae family. Niu-bang is distributed in the northeast, northwest, central south, southwest, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Guangxi. The fruit has the functions of dispersing wind-heat, clearing heat from the lungs, promoting eruption, and resolving toxins; while the root has the functions of clearing heat, resolving toxins, and relieving wind-heat from the throat. The fruit is commonly used for wind-heat type of common cold, headache, sore throat, mumps, incomplete eruption of rashes, and abscesses; while the root is commonly used for wind-heat type of common cold, cough, sore throat, abscesses, athlete's foot, and eczema.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

果实：疏散风热，宣肺透疹，散结解毒；根：清热解毒，疏风利咽主治
Fruit: disperses wind-heat, clears heat from the lungs, resolves toxins, and disperses accumulations. Root: clears heat, resolves toxins, disperses wind, and benefits the throat.

果实：用于风热感冒，头痛，咽喉肿痛，流行性腮腺炎，疹出不透，痈疖疮疡；根：用于风热感冒，咳嗽，咽喉肿痛，疮疖肿毒，脚癣，湿疹。用法用量
Fruit: used for wind-heat common cold, headache, sore throat, epidemic parotitis, rash that does not penetrate, furuncle, and ulcer; Root: used for wind-heat common cold, cough, sore throat, abscess, athlete's foot, and eczema. Dosage and administration.

果实4.5-9g；根9-15g。药理作用
Fruit: 4.5-9g; Root: 9-15g. Pharmacological effects.

1、利尿作用；2、对溶血性金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。临床应用 相关配伍

1. Diuretic effect; 2. Inhibitory effect on hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical application and relevant compatibility.

1、治咽喉肿痛：牛蒡子9g，板蓝根15g，桔梗6g，薄荷、甘草各3g。水煎服。2、治麻疹不透：牛蒡子、葛根各6g，蝉蜕、薄荷、荆芥各3g。水煎服。（1-2方出自《全国中草药汇编》）附注

1. Treatment for sore throat: 9g of burdock seeds, 15g of Isatis indigotica, 6g of balloon flower root, and 3g each of peppermint and licorice. Decoction for oral administration.2. Treatment for measles with incomplete eruption: 6g each of burdock seeds and kudzu root, 3g each of cicada slough, peppermint, and schizonepeta. Decoction for oral administration. (The above formulas are from "Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines Nationwide.") Note:

1、牛蒡子叶，有人试治早期未化脓的急性乳腺炎有良好效果。用量：鲜叶每天30g（干叶9g），水煎服或水煎当茶饮。2、近年来，山东、新疆等地发现有将同科植物大鳍蓟OnopordonacanthiumL.的瘦果充当牛蒡子使用的情况。大鳍蓟子颜色及气味与牛蒡子极相似，为灰白色，唯表面纵脉间有明显细密的横皱纹，稀有小黑斑，为主要不同点。此外，尚发现有以云木香的瘦果混充者，均应加以区别，不宜混淆。加工炮制 采收加工

1. Burdock leaves have been found to have a good effect in treating early acute mastitis without suppuration. Dosage: 30g of fresh leaves per day (9g of dried leaves), decocted in water and taken as a tea. 2. In recent years, it has been discovered in Shandong, Xinjiang, and other places that the lean fruits of the plant Onopordon acanthium L., which belongs to the same family, are being used as a substitute for burdock seeds. The color and smell of the lean fruits of Onopordon acanthium L. are very similar to burdock seeds, being gray-white with distinct fine transverse wrinkles between the longitudinal veins on the surface, and rare small black spots, which are the main points of difference. In addition, it has been found that there are also cases of lean fruits of Illicium verum being mixed in, which should be distinguished and not confused. Processing and preparation should be carried out during harvesting.

果实秋后采，去杂质晒干；根四季可采，洗净，切片晒干用。炮制方法
Harvest the fruits after autumn, remove impurities and sun-dry them. The roots can be harvested all year round, cleaned, sliced, and sun-dried for use. Processing method.

炒牛蒡子：将拣净的牛蒡子放锅内，炒至微黄，稍鼓起并略有香气，取出晾凉。药材鉴别 药材性状
Stir-fried Great Burdock Seeds: Put the cleaned Great Burdock Seeds into a pot, stir-fry until slightly yellow, slightly puffed, and with a slight fragrance, then take them out to cool. Identification of medicinal materials and their characteristics.

一、药材性状果实：呈倒长卵形，稍弯曲，长5-7mm，直径2-2.5mm。表面灰褐色或灰棕色，散有不规则紫黑色斑点，具较明显的纵脊5-8条，中肋有时明显突出。两端平截，较粗大的一端圆盘状，有1凹窝，为果柄痕。果皮坚硬，种皮淡黄白色，中央的胚具肥厚的子叶3枚，胚根位于子叶基部的接合面之间。富油性，味苦后微辛而稍麻舌。二、饮片性状炒牛蒡子形同牛蒡子而稍鼓起，或已破碎，外表面棕褐色至黑褐色，常有焦斑。有焦香气。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Medicinal material morphology: The fruit is inverted oblong, slightly curved, 5-7mm long, and 2-2.5mm in diameter. The surface is gray-brown or gray-brown, scattered with irregular purple-black spots, with 5-8 distinct longitudinal ridges, and sometimes the midrib is prominently raised. Both ends are flat, with the larger end being disc-shaped with a concave pit, which is the fruit stalk scar. The fruit skin is hard, the seed coat is pale yellow-white, and the central embryo has three thick cotyledons, with the embryonic root located between the junction surface of the cotyledon base. It is rich in oil, with a bitter taste followed by a slightly pungent and numbing sensation on the tongue.2. Characteristics of processed slices: Fried burdock seeds are similar in shape to burdock seeds but slightly swollen or broken, with an outer surface ranging from brown to black-brown, often with scorch marks. They have a scorched aroma. Botanical information: Plant species.

菊科牛蒡属植物牛蒡。形态特征
The burdock plant belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has distinctive morphological characteristics.

牛蒡又名鼠黏草、夜叉头、蝙蝠刺、蒡翁菜、便牵牛、饿死囊中草、疙瘩菜、象耳朵、老母猪耳朵、鼠见愁、老鼠愁。二年生草本，高1-2m。根粗壮，肉质，圆锥形。茎直立，上部多分枝，带紫褐色，有纵条棱。基生叶大形，丛生，有长柄；茎生叶互生；叶片长卵形或广卵形，长20-50cm，宽15-40cm，先端钝，具刺尖，基部常为心形，全缘或具不整齐波状微齿，上面绿色或暗绿色。具疏毛，下面密被灰白色短绒毛。头状花序簇生于茎顶或排列成伞房状，直径2-4cm，花序梗长3-7cm，表面有浅沟，密被细毛；总苞球形，苞片多数，覆瓦状排列，披针形或线状披针形，先端钩曲；花小，红紫色，均为管状花，两性，花冠先端5浅裂，聚药雄蕊5，与花冠裂片互生，花药黄色；子房下位，1室，先端圆盘状，着生短刚毛状冠毛；花柱细长，柱头2裂。瘦果长圆形或长圆状倒卵形，灰褐色，具纵棱，冠毛短刺状，淡黄棕色。花期6-8月，果期8-10月。分布区域
Burdock, also known as mouse sticky grass, devil's claw, bat thorn, burdock vegetable, cow's tether, grass that starves cows to death, knotweed, elephant ear, old sow's ear, mouse worries, and old mouse worries. It is a biennial herbaceous plant, growing 1-2m tall. The roots are thick, fleshy, and conical. The stems are erect, with many branches in the upper part, purplish-brown, and longitudinally ridged. The basal leaves are large, clustered, with long petioles; stem leaves are alternate; leaf blades are long ovate or broadly ovate, 20-50cm long, 15-40cm wide, blunt at the apex, with prickly tips, often heart-shaped at the base, with entire margins or irregularly wavy serrations, green or dark green on the upper surface. They are sparsely hairy, densely covered with short white-gray hairs on the underside. The head-like flower clusters are clustered at the top of the stem or arranged in umbel-like clusters, 2-4cm in diameter, with flower stalks 3-7cm long, shallowly grooved on the surface, densely covered with fine hairs; the involucre is spherical, with numerous bracts, arranged in overlapping tiles, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with hooked tips; the flowers are small, red-purple, all tubular, bisexual, with 5 shallowly lobed corolla lobes at the apex, 5 stamens clustered together, alternating with the corolla lobes, yellow anthers; the ovary is inferior, 1-celled, disc-shaped at the apex, with short stiff hair-like coronal hairs; the style is slender, with a 2-lobed stigma. The achene is elongated or elongated-ovoid, gray-brown, longitudinally ridged, with short prickly coronal hairs, pale yellow-brown. It flowers from June to August and fruits from August to October. Distribution area.

分布于东北、西北、中南、西南及河北、山西、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、广西等地。生长环境
Distributed in Northeast, Northwest, Central South, Southwest, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi and other regions. Growing environment.

常栽培。野生者，多生于山野路旁、沟边、荒地、山坡向阳草地、林边和村镇附近。
Commonly cultivated. Wild ones are mostly found growing along mountain roadsides, ditches, wastelands, sunny grasslands on mountain slopes, forest edges, and near villages and towns.