牛含水，中药名。为玄参科植物野胡麻DodartiaorientalisL.的根及全草。具有清热解毒，祛风止痒的功效。主治上呼吸道感染，小儿肺炎，气管炎，扁桃体炎，急性乳腺炎，淋巴结炎，尿道感染，荨麻疹，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒，神经衰弱。
Niu-han-shui, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root and aerial part of Dodartia orientalis L., a plant of the Xuan Shen family, has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, dispelling wind, and relieving itching. It is used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, pediatric pneumonia, tracheitis, tonsillitis, acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, urinary tract infections, urticaria, eczema, itchy skin, and neurasthenia.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，祛风止痒。主治
Clearing heat and detoxifying, dispelling wind and relieving itching. Mainly used for治疗。

上呼吸道感染，小儿肺炎，气管炎，扁桃体炎，急性乳腺炎，淋巴结炎，尿道感染，荨麻疹，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒，神经衰弱。用法用量
Upper respiratory tract infection, pediatric pneumonia, tracheitis, tonsillitis, acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, urethritis, urticaria, eczema, pruritus, neurasthenia. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，15-30g。外用：适量，煎水洗。化学成分
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g. External use: Appropriate amount, decoct with water for washing. Chemical components.

地上部分含莫桑甙等环烯醚萜甙。药理作用
The aboveground part contains iridoid and other cyclic ether terpenoid glycosides. Pharmacological effects.

利胆作用：用本植物地上部分提取的环烯醚萜甙类制剂（Ⅰ）50mg/kg灌胃，1次给药后，大鼠在4h内的胆汁分泌量比对照组增加6.8%；连续给药7d，作用明显增强，4h内的胆汁分泌量比对照组增加16.6%。在多次给药惰况下，于胆汁分泌量增加的同时，胆汁中胆酸盐含量增加18.5%，胆固醇排泄量增加23.4%，胆红素的形成与分泌增加23.9%。Ⅰ不但对正常大鼠有利胆作用，对腹腔注射D-半乳糖胺致急性肝功能障碍的大鼠也有明显的利胆作用。毒理作用
Cholagogic effect: When the above-ground part of this plant is used to extract the sesquiterpene lactone preparation (Ⅰ) at a dose of 50mg/kg by gavage, after a single administration, the bile secretion in rats within 4 hours increased by 6.8% compared to the control group; with continuous administration for 7 days, the effect was significantly enhanced, with a 16.6% increase in bile secretion within 4 hours compared to the control group. Under conditions of repeated administration, while the bile secretion increased, the bile acid content in the bile increased by 18.5%, cholesterol excretion increased by 23.4%, and bilirubin formation and secretion increased by 23.9%. Ⅰ not only has a choleretic effect on normal rats but also has a significant choleretic effect on rats with acute liver dysfunction induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine. Toxicological effects are also observed.

Ⅰ1-3g/kg给小鼠灌胃，观察10d，未发现小鼠有任何异常和死亡，表明本品无明显毒性。相关论述
Administered orally to mice at a dosage of 1-3g/kg for observation over 10 days, no abnormalities or deaths were observed, indicating that the product has no significant toxicity. Relevant discussion.

1、《内蒙古中草药》：“祛风止痒。主治皮肤瘙痒，荨麻疹，湿疹。”2、《沙漠地区药用植物》：“清热解毒，散风止痒。主治上呼吸道感染，肺炎，气管炎，扁桃腺炎，淋巴结炎，泌尿道感染，神经衰弱，皮肤瘙痒，荨麻疹，湿疹，预防感冒。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Inner Mongolia Medicinal Herbs": "Dispels wind and relieves itching. Used to treat skin itching, urticaria, and eczema."2. "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas": "Clears heat, detoxifies, disperses wind, and relieves itching. Used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, lymphadenitis, urinary tract infections, neurasthenia, skin itching, urticaria, eczema, and prevent colds." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治皮肤瘙痒、荨麻疹、湿疹：倒打草适量。煎水洗。2、治神经衰弱：倒打草300g，甘草100g。熬浓缩膏，每次剂量应含倒打草生药3g，每日2-3次。（1-2方出自《沙漠地区药用植物》）。加工炮制 采收加工

1. To treat skin itching, urticaria, and eczema: Use an appropriate amount of Herba Violae. Decoct and wash with the water extract.2. To treat neurasthenia: Use 300g of Herba Violae and 100g of Licorice. Boil and concentrate into a paste. Each dose should contain 3g of Herba Violae, taken 2-3 times daily. (The above prescriptions are from "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas"). Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

夏、秋季采收，切段晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
Harvest in summer and autumn, cut into sections and sun-dry. Identification of medicinal materials and their properties.

根粗壮，长可达20cm，肉质，须根少。茎近基部被棕黄色鳞片；茎多回分枝，枝伸直，细瘦，具棱角，扫帚状。叶宽条形，全缘或疏齿。总状花序顶生，伸长；花萼钟形，先端5浅裂，近革质；花冠紫色或深紫红色。味微苦。植物学信息 植物种属
The roots are thick and strong, can grow up to 20cm long, fleshy, with few root hairs. The stem is covered with brownish-yellow scales near the base; the stem branches multiple times, with branches extending straight, slender, angular, and broom-like. The leaves are wide and strip-shaped, with entire margins or sparse teeth. The inflorescence is terminal, elongated; the calyx is bell-shaped, with 5 shallow lobes at the apex, nearly leathery; the corolla is purple or deep purple-red. It has a slightly bitter taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

玄参科野胡麻属野胡麻。形态特征
Hemp nettle belongs to the family of Boraginaceae. Its morphological characteristics include:

多年生草本，高15-50cm。无毛或幼嫩时疏被柔毛。根长而粗壮，带肉质，须根少。茎直立，单生或数支丛生，有多回细长分枝，具棱角，扫帚状，近基部被棕黄色鳞片。叶疏生，茎下部的对生或近对生，上部的常互生；无柄；叶片宽条形，长1-4cm，全缘或有疏细齿。总状花序顶生，花常3-7朵稀疏；花梗极短；花萼近革质，萼齿5，三角形，近相等；花冠紫色或深紫红色，长1.5-2.5cm，花冠筒长筒状，上唇短而伸直，卵形，先端2浅裂，下唇宽圆形，3裂，中裂片突出，舌状，喉部有两条着生多细胞腺毛的皱褶；雄蕊4，2强，花药紫色，肾形；子房卵圆形，花柱伸直，无毛。蒴果圆球形，褐色，具短尖头。种子卵形、黑色。花、果期5-9月。分布区域
Perennial herb, 15-50cm tall. It is glabrous or sparsely hairy when young. The roots are long, stout, fleshy, and with few fibrous roots. The stem is erect, solitary or in clusters, with multiple slender branches, angular, broom-like, and with brownish-yellow scales near the base. The leaves are sparse, with opposite or nearly opposite pairs at the lower part of the stem, and alternate at the upper part; they are sessile, with broad linear blades, 1-4cm long, entire or sparsely serrated. The terminal inflorescence is a spike, with 3-7 scattered flowers; the pedicels are very short; the calyx is leathery, with 5 triangular teeth, nearly equal; the corolla is purple or deep purple-red, 1.5-2.5cm long, tubular, with a short straight upper lip, ovate, shallowly 2-lobed at the apex, and a wide rounded lower lip, 3-lobed, with the middle lobe protruding, tongue-shaped, and with two rows of multicellular glandular hairs in the throat; there are 4 stamens, 2 strong, with purple anthers, kidney-shaped; the ovary is oval, the style is straight, and hairless. The capsule is globose, brown, with a short pointed tip. The seeds are ovoid and black. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to September. Distribution area.

分布于内蒙古、甘肃、新疆、四川。道地产区
Distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, and Sichuan. Authentic producing areas.

产于新疆、内蒙古、甘肃、四川等地。多自产自销。生长环境
Originating from Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Sichuan, and other regions. Mostly produced for self-consumption. Growing environment.

生于海拔800-1400m的山坡及多沙的田野。
Born on slopes at altitudes of 800-1400 meters and in sandy fields.