盾叶薯蓣，中药名。为薯蓣科植物盾叶薯蓣DioscoreazingiberensisC.H.Wright的根茎。分布于江西、安徽、浙江、湖北、四川、贵州。具有清热解毒之功效。常用于痈疖早期未破溃、蜂螫，阑尾炎。
Dioscorea zin, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. berensis C.H.Wright, the rhizome of the plant in the family Dioscoreaceae, is known as "盾叶薯蓣 (Dun-ye-shu-yu)" in Chinese. It is distributed in Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces. It is believed to have the effects of clearing heat and detoxification, and is commonly used for early-stage unruptured abscesses, bee stings, and appendicitis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒。
Clearing heat and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

痈疖早期未破溃、蜂螫，阑尾炎。
Early stage of furuncle without suppuration, bee sting, appendicitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

外用：9-12g，研末调敷。
External use: 9-12g, grind into powder and apply as a poultice.

注意事项 Precautions

皮肤有破、烂及脓已形成者忌用。
Avoid using it on broken, ulcerated, or pus-filled skin.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1. 毒性：食用过量能引起头昏、眼花等中毒症状。

2. Toxicity: Overconsumption can cause symptoms of poisoning such as dizziness and blurred vision.

3. 消炎，镇痛作用。

4. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《全展选编·外科》：“治痈疖早期未破溃、蜂螫、阑尾炎。”
"Selected Works of Quan Zhan: Surgery": "Treatment for early-stage abscesses that have not yet ruptured, bee stings, appendicitis."

临床应用 Clinical Application

是合成肾上腺皮质激素类药物的良好原料。
It is a good raw material for the synthesis of corticosteroids.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

治泌尿道感染：盾叶薯蓣9g，木通9g，滑石15g，车前草30g，马齿苋30g。水煎服。
Treatment for urinary tract infection: 9g of Dioscorea zingiberensis, 9g of Akebia stem, 15g of talcum powder, 30g of Plantago herb, and 30g of Portulaca. Decoction for oral administration.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采挖，去净泥土，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Harvest in autumn, remove soil, and dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：干燥根茎呈圆柱形，常具不规则分枝，分枝长短不一，直径1.5-3cm。表面为褐色，粗糙，有明显的纵皱纹和白色圆点状根痕。质较硬，粉质，断面呈枯黄色。味苦。
Characteristics: The dried rhizome is cylindrical, often with irregular branches of varying lengths, 1.5-3cm in diameter. The surface is brown, rough, with obvious longitudinal wrinkles and white circular root scars. The texture is hard and powdery, with a dull yellow cross-section. It tastes bitter.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：薯蓣科植物盾叶薯蓣。
Species: Dioscorea zingiberensis, a plant in the Dioscoreaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

盾叶薯蓣，又名黄姜、火头根。缠绕草质藤本。根状茎横生，近圆柱形，指状或不规则分枝，新鲜时外皮棕褐色，断面黄色，干后除去须根常留有白色点状痕迹。茎左旋，光滑无毛，有时在分枝或叶柄基部两侧微突起或有刺。单叶互生；叶片厚纸质，三角状卵形、心形或箭形，通常3浅裂至3深裂，中间裂片三角状卵形或披针形，两侧裂片圆耳状或长圆形，两面光滑无毛，表面绿色，常有不规则斑块，干时呈灰褐色；叶柄盾状着生。花单性，雌雄异株或同株。雄花无梗，常2-3朵簇生，再排列成穗状，花序单一或分枝，1或2-3个簇生叶腋，通常每簇花仅1-2朵发育，基部常有膜质苞片3-4枚；花被片6，长1.2-1.5毫米，宽0.8-1毫米，开放时平展，紫红色，干后黑色；雄蕊6枚，着生于花托的边缘，花丝极短，与花药几等长。雌花序与雄花序几相似；雌花具花丝状退化雄蕊。蒴果三棱形，每棱翅状，长1.2-2厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，干后蓝黑色，表面常有白粉；种子通常每室2枚，着生于中轴中部，四周围有薄膜状翅。花期5-8月，果期9-10月。
Dioscorea zingiberensis, also known as Huangjiang or Huotougen, is a twining herbaceous vine. The rhizomes are horizontally growing, nearly cylindrical, finger-like or irregularly branched. When fresh, the outer skin is brownish, and the cross-section is yellow; after drying, white dot-like marks may remain when removing rootlets. The stem is left-twining, smooth and hairless, sometimes slightly protruding or prickly at the base of branches or leaf stalks. Leaves are alternate; leaf blades are thick papery, triangular-ovate, heart-shaped, or arrow-shaped, usually 3 shallow to 3 deep lobes, with the central lobe triangular-ovate or lanceolate, lateral lobes rounded or elongated, both surfaces smooth and hairless, green with irregular patches, turning grayish-brown when dry; petioles are peltate. Flowers are unisexual, either dioecious or monoecious. Male flowers are sessile, often clustered in 2–3, arranged in spikes, inflorescences single or branched, 1–3 clusters in leaf axils, usually only 1–2 flowers per cluster mature, with 3–4 membranous bracts at the base; tepals 6, 1.2–1.5 mm long, 0.8–1 mm wide, spreading when open, purple-red, turning black when dry; stamens 6, attached to the edge of the receptacle, filaments very short, nearly equal to anthers. Female inflorescences are similar; female flowers have thread-like rudimentary stamens. Capsules are triangular, each angle winged, 1.2–2 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide, turning blue-black when dry, often with a white powdery coating; seeds usually 2 per locule, attached to the middle of the central axis, surrounded by membranous wings. Flowering from May to August, fruiting from September to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于河南南部、湖北、湖南、陕西秦岭以南、甘肃天水、四川。
Distributed in southern Henan, Hubei, Hunan, south of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, Tianshui in Gansu, and Sichuan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔100-1500米，多生长在破坏过的杂木林间或森林、沟谷边缘的路旁，常见于腐殖质深厚的土层中，有时也见于石隙中，平地和高山都有生长。
Grows at altitudes of 100–1500 meters, commonly found in disturbed mixed forests or along forest and valley edges, often in deep humus-rich soil, sometimes in rock crevices, and occurs in both lowlands and high mountains.