荠苨苗，中药名。为桔梗科植物荠苨AdenophoratrachelioidesMaxim.的苗叶。分布于辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、浙江、安徽。具有消壅解毒，止咳退黄之功效。常用于腹脏风壅，蛊毒腹痛，咳嗽上气，面目青黄，淋露骨立。
Ji-ni-miao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the seedling and leaves of Adenophoratrachelioides Maxim., a plant of the Campanulaceae family, is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces. It has the functions of relieving stagnation, detoxification, stopping cough, and resolving jaundice. It is often used for abdominal wind stagnation, gu poison abdominal pain, cough with dyspnea, greenish-yellow complexion, and bone standing in the rain.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

消壅解毒，止咳退黄。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, stopping cough and reducing jaundice.

主治 Indications

用于腹脏风壅，蛊毒腹痛，咳嗽上气，面目青黄，淋露骨立。
Used for abdominal distension due to wind, abdominal pain caused by Gu poison, cough with dyspnea, greenish-yellow complexion, and emaciation with prominent bones.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-9g。
Internal use: Decoction, 3-9g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《肘后方》谓：“隐忍草苗似桔梗，人皆食之，捣汁饮，治蛊毒。”
"The Elbow Back" states: "The herb Yǐn Rěn Cǎo (隐忍草) resembles Platycodon grandiflorus. When consumed by people and the juice is extracted for drinking, it can treat gu poisoning."

临床应用 Clinical Application

治蛊毒腹痛，面目青黄，淋露骨立：本品煮汁饮。《本草纲目》附注
To treat abdominal pain caused by gu poison, with a greenish-yellow complexion and prominent bones, boil this ingredient and drink the juice. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica" with annotations)

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属桔梗科植物荠苨。
The plant species is Adenophora remotiflora, a member of the Campanulaceae (bellflower) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

荠苨：又名心叶沙参、杏叶菜、老母鸡肉。茎单生，高40-120厘米，直径可达近1厘米，无毛，常多稍之字形曲折，有时具分枝。基生叶心脏肾形，宽超过长；茎生叶具2-6厘米长的叶柄，叶片心形或在茎上部的叶基部近于平截形，通常叶基部不向叶柄下延成翅，顶端钝至短渐尖，边缘为单锯齿或重锯齿，长3-13厘米，宽2-8厘米，无毛或仅沿叶脉疏生短硬毛。花序分枝大多长而几乎平展，组成大圆锥花序，或分枝短而组成狭圆锥花序。花萼筒部倒三角状圆锥形，5裂，裂片长椭圆形或披针形，长6-13毫米，宽2.5-4毫米；花冠钟状，蓝色、蓝紫色或白色，长2-2.5厘米，裂片宽三角状半圆形，顶端急尖，长5-7毫米；花盘筒状，长2-3毫米，上下等粗或向上渐细；花柱与花冠近等长。蒴果卵状圆锥形，长7毫米，直径5毫米。种子黄棕色，两端黑色，长矩圆状，稍扁，有一条棱，棱外缘黄白色，长0.8-1.5毫米。花期7-9月。
Adenophora remotiflora, also known as heartleaf bellflower, apricot leaf vegetable, or old hen meat. The stem is solitary, 40–120 cm tall, up to nearly 1 cm in diameter, glabrous, often slightly zigzag, sometimes branched. Basal leaves are reniform-heart-shaped, wider than long. Stem leaves have petioles 2–6 cm long; leaf blades are cordate or nearly truncate at the base in upper parts, usually not winged down the petiole, obtuse to shortly acuminate at apex, margins singly or doubly serrate, 3–13 cm long, 2–8 cm wide, glabrous or sparsely stiff-hairy along veins. Inflorescence branches mostly long and nearly spreading, forming a broad panicle, or short forming a narrow panicle. Calyx tube inverted triangular-conical, 5-lobed; lobes oblong or lanceolate, 6–13 mm × 2.5–4 mm. Corolla campanulate, blue, bluish-purple, or white, 2–2.5 cm long; lobes broadly triangular-semicircular, acute, 5–7 mm long. Disc tubular, 2–3 mm long, uniform or tapering upward. Style nearly equaling corolla. Capsule ovoid-conical, 7 mm long, 5 mm in diameter. Seeds yellowish-brown, black at both ends, oblong-rectangular, slightly flattened, with a ridge, ridge margin yellow-white, 0.8–1.5 mm long. Flowering from July to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、浙江、安徽。
Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生山坡草地或林缘。
Grows on hillside grasslands or forest edges.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

春、夏季采收幼苗、嫩叶食用。
Harvest young seedlings and tender leaves in spring and summer for consumption.