牛鼻栓，中药名。为金缕梅科植物牛鼻栓FortuneariasinensisRehd.etWils.的枝叶或根。牛鼻栓分布于陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、河南、湖北、四川等地。具有益气，止血之功效。常用于气虚劳伤乏力，创伤出血。
Niu-bi-shuan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the branches, leaves, or roots of Fortunearia sinensis Rehd. et Wils., a plant of the Rosaceae family. Niu-bi-shuan is distributed in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, and other regions. It is known for its efficacy in tonifying qi and stopping bleeding, and is commonly used for weakness due to qi deficiency, fatigue, and traumatic bleeding.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

益气，止血。
Tonify qi, stop bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于气虚劳伤乏力，创伤出血。
Used for deficiency of qi, fatigue, and weakness due to overwork, as well as bleeding from wounds.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-24g；大剂量单用60-90g。外用：适量，捣烂敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 10-24g; high dose single use 60-90g. External use: appropriate amount, crush and apply.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《天目山药用植物志》：“治劳伤乏力。”
"Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Tianmu Mountain": "Treats fatigue and weakness caused by overwork."

《浙江天目山药植志》：“治劳伤乏力：牛鼻栓根二至三两。水煎，冲黄酒、红糖，早、晚饭前各服一次。”
"Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain": "Treats fatigue and weakness caused by overwork: Take two to three liang of the roots of Niu Bizhuan. Decoct in water, mix with yellow wine and brown sugar, and take once before breakfast and dinner."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治气虚乏力：（牛鼻栓）枝叶15-30g，水煎服；或根60-90g，水煎，冲黄酒、红糖服。
Treatment for qi deficiency and fatigue: (Niu Bizhuan) aerial parts 15-30g, decocted in water for oral administration; or 60-90g of the root, decocted in water, mixed with yellow rice wine and brown sugar for consumption.

治刀伤出血：（牛鼻栓）鲜叶适量，捣烂敷患处。（1-2方出自《浙江药用植物志》）
Treatment for bleeding from knife wounds: (Niu Bizhuan) appropriate amount of fresh leaves, mashed and applied to the affected area. (Formulas 1-2 are from "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：枝叶春、夏季采摘，晒干；根全年可采，洗净，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: branches and leaves are harvested in spring and summer, then dried in the sun; roots can be harvested all year round, washed, and dried.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：茎枝圆柱形，长短及粗细不一，表面褐色或灰褐色，有稀疏的圆形皮孔，小枝密生星状毛。叶多皱缩，完整叶片展平后倒卵状椭圆形，基部稍偏斜，长6-16cm，宽3-9cm，叶片下面、叶脉及叶柄均有星状毛，边缘有锯齿。气微，味微苦、涩。
Characteristics of medicinal material: stems are cylindrical, varying in length and thickness, with a brown or gray-brown surface, sparse circular lenticels, and small branches densely covered with star-shaped hairs. Leaves are often wrinkled; fully expanded leaf blades are inversely ovate-elliptic, slightly oblique at the base, 6-16cm long and 3-9cm wide. The underside of the leaf, veins, and petiole are all covered with star-shaped hairs, and the margins are serrated. It has a slight aroma, a slightly bitter and astringent taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：金缕梅科植物牛鼻栓。
Plant species: Fortunearia sinensis (Rehder) Rehder, a plant of the Hamamelidaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

牛鼻栓又名连合子、木里仙。落叶小乔木或灌木，高2-5m。嫩枝有灰褐色柔毛；老枝有稀疏皮孔。单叶互生；叶柄长4-10mm；托叶早落；叶片膜质，倒卵形或倒卵状椭圆形，长5-16cm，宽3-9cm，先端渐尖，基部圆形或钝，稍偏斜，缘具波状锯齿；叶脉深入齿端小尖头，沿主脉和下面有星状毛。花杂性，两性花和雄花同长于一植株上；雄花序呈短葇荑状，有发育不全的雌蕊；两性花的花序长3-6cm；苞片及小苞片披针形，有星状毛；萼筒长1mm，无毛，萼齿5，卵形，长1.5mm，先端有毛；花瓣5，钻形，较萼片稍短；雄蕊5，花药卵形，长约1mm；子房半下位，2室，花柱2，向外卷曲。蒴果木质，卵圆形，长1.5cm，有白色皮孔，沿室间2片开裂，每片2浅裂。种子卵圆形，长约1cm，暗棕色，有光泽。花期4-5月，果期7-8月。
Niu Bizhuan, also known as Lian He Zi and Mu Li Xian, is a deciduous small tree or shrub, 2-5m tall. Young branches are covered with grayish-brown soft hairs; old branches have sparse lenticels. Leaves are alternate; petioles are 4-10mm long; stipules fall off early; leaf blades are membranous, obovate or obovate-elliptic, 5-16cm long, 3-9cm wide, gradually pointed at the apex, rounded or obtuse at the base, slightly oblique, with wavy serrations on the margin; leaf veins extend into small sharp tips at the tooth ends, with star-shaped hairs along the main veins and on the lower surface. Flowers are monoecious, with male and bisexual flowers occurring on the same plant. Male inflorescences are short catkin-like, bearing incompletely developed pistils; bisexual flower inflorescences are 3-6cm long; bracts and bracteoles are lanceolate, with star-shaped hairs; calyx tube is 1mm long, glabrous, with 5 ovate teeth, 1.5mm long, pubescent at the tip; petals are 5, drill-shaped, slightly shorter than sepals; stamens are 5, anthers ovate, about 1mm long; ovary is half-inferior, 2-celled, with 2 styles that curl outward. Capsule is woody, ovoid, 1.5cm long, with white lenticels, splitting into 2 valves between locules, each valve shallowly split into 2. Seeds are ovoid, about 1cm long, dark brown, and shiny. Flowering period is April to May; fruiting period is July to August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、河南、湖北、四川等地。
Distributed in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

常生于山坡杂木林中或岩隙中。
Often found in mixed forests on mountain slopes or in rock crevices.