牛耳大黄，中药名。为蓼科植物皱叶酸模RumexcrispusL.的根。分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、青海、福建、台湾、广西、贵州等地。具有清热解毒，凉血止血，通便杀虫之功效。常用于急慢性肝炎，肠炎，痢疾，慢性气管炎，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，热结便秘，痈疽肿毒，疥癣，秃疮。
Niu-er-dai-huang, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root of Rumex crispus L., a plant of the Polygonaceae family, is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, and Guizhou. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, promoting bowel movements, and killing parasites. It is commonly used for acute and chronic hepatitis, enteritis, dysentery, chronic bronchitis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, menometrorrhagia, heat constipation, carbuncle and sores, scabies, and alopecia.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，凉血止血，通便杀虫。主治
Clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, promoting bowel movements and killing parasites. Mainly used for治疗.

用于急慢性肝炎，肠炎，痢疾，慢性气管炎，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，热结便秘，痈疽肿毒，疥癣，秃疮。用法用量
Indications: Acute and chronic hepatitis, enteritis, dysentery, chronic bronchitis, vomiting blood, epistaxis, hematochezia, collapse, heat constipation, carbuncle, scrofula, and alopecia areata.Dosage and Administration: [Please provide specific dosage and administration instructions.]

内服：煎汤，10-15g。外用：适量，捣敷；或研末调搽。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g. External use: appropriate amount, apply as a poultice; or grind into powder for topical application. Precautions.

脾胃虚寒、食少便溏者禁服。药理作用
Patients with spleen and stomach deficiency-cold, poor appetite, and loose stools should avoid taking this medication. Pharmacological effects.

1、抗菌作用；2、止咳、祛痰和平喘作用；3、抗肿瘤作用；4、其他作用：泻下作用。相关论述

1. Antibacterial effect;2. Antitussive, expectorant, and asthma-relieving effects;3. Antitumor effect;4. Other effects: laxative effect. Related discussions.

1、《草木便方》：“苦。”2、《四川中药志》1960年版：“性寒，味苦，无毒。”3、《草木便方》：“走表，壮力，活血，补精。捣烂合调靛缸水，搽疥癣秃癞。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Bitter." - "Prescriptions of Herbs and Trees"2. "Cold in nature, bitter in taste, non-toxic." - "Sichuan Materia Medica" (1960 edition)3. "Clears heat, strengthens the body, promotes blood circulation, nourishes essence. Crush and mix with indigo water, apply for scabies, ringworm, and alopecia." - "Prescriptions of Herbs and Trees"Clinical applications and relevant compatibility.

1、治肝炎：（1）慢性肝炎：土大黄6g，茵陈15g，车前草30g。水煎服。（《陕甘宁青中草药选》）（2）急性黄疸型肝炎：羊蹄根30g，车前草30g，茵陈30g。水煎服。（《沙漠地区药用植物》）2、治痢疾：土大黄15g。水煎服。3、治痈肿疮疖：鲜土大黄、蒲公英各适量。捣烂外敷。4、治崩漏，胃溃疡出血，血小板减少症：土大黄9g，水煎服；或用土大黄、乌贼骨各半，共为末，每次冲服3g。（2-4方出自《陕甘宁青中草药选》）5、治红崩：牛耳大黄根30g，旋鸡尾15g，香附子15g，益母草30g。用酒炒熬水服。（《重庆草药》）6、治干湿性癣：土大黄根汁18g，米醋18g，枯矾4.5g。调匀蘸擦患部。（《闽东本草》）附注

1. Treatment of hepatitis:(1) Chronic hepatitis: 6g rhubarb, 15g indigo naturalis, 30g plantain. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Selected Chinese Herbal Medicines in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai Provinces")(2) Acute jaundice hepatitis: 30g sheep's hoof root, 30g plantain, 30g indigo naturalis. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas")2. Treatment of dysentery: 15g rhubarb. Decoction for oral administration.3. Treatment of carbuncle, swelling, and abscess: Fresh rhubarb and dandelion, appropriate amount. Crush and apply externally.4. Treatment of menorrhagia, gastric ulcer bleeding, and thrombocytopenia: 9g rhubarb, decoction for oral administration; or use equal parts of rhubarb and cuttlefish bone, grind into powder, take 3g each time. (The 2nd to 4th prescriptions are from "Selected Chinese Herbal Medicines in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai Provinces")5. Treatment of hemorrhage: 30g rhubarb root, 15g chicken gizzard membrane, 15g cyperus, 30g motherwort. Decoct in wine and take orally. (From "Chongqing Herbal Medicine")6. Treatment of tinea corporis: 18g rhubarb root juice, 18g rice vinegar, 4.5g alum. Mix well and apply to the affected area. (From "Minnan Materia Medica") Additional notes.

同属植物尼泊尔酸模R.nepalensisSpreng本区亦有分布，根亦常作牛耳大黄用，其基生叶矩圆状卵形或卵状三角形，果时内轮花被片增大，一部或全部有疣状突起，边缘有针刺状齿，齿端为钩状，可与皱叶酸模区别。加工炮制 采收加工
Rheum nepalense Spreng, a plant belonging to the same genus as Rheum officinale, is also found in this region. Its roots are commonly used as a substitute for Rheum officinale in traditional Chinese medicine. The basal leaves of Rheum nepalense are broadly ovate or ovate-triangular in shape. During fruiting, the inner floral bracts enlarge, with some or all of them developing wart-like protrusions and needle-like teeth along the edges, ending in hooked tips, which can be used to distinguish it from Rheum officinale. Processing and preparation methods involve harvesting and processing the plant material.

4-5月采其根，洗净，晒干或鲜用。药材鉴别 药材性状
The roots are harvested in April and May, washed, and then dried in the sun or used fresh. Medicinal material identification and characteristics of the medicinal material.

根呈不规则圆锥状条形，长10-20cm，粗达2.5cm，单根或于中段有数个分枝。根头顶端具干枯的茎基，其周围可见多数片状棕色的干枯叶基。表面棕色至深棕色，有不规则纵皱纹及多数近圆形的须根痕。质硬，断面黄棕色，纤维性。气微，味苦。植物学信息 植物种属
The roots are irregularly conical and cylindrical, 10-20cm long and up to 2.5cm thick, with a single root or several branches in the middle. The top of the root has a dried stem base, surrounded by many brown, dried leaf bases. The surface is brown to dark brown, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles and numerous nearly circular root scars. The texture is hard, with a yellow-brown fibrous cross-section. It has a slight odor and a bitter taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

蓼科植物皱叶酸模。形态特征
Rumex crispus, a plant in the Polygonaceae family. Morphological characteristics.

多年生草本，高50-100cm。根肥厚，黄色，有酸味。茎直立，通常不分枝，具浅槽。叶互生；托叶鞘膜质，管状，常破裂；叶片披针形或长圆状披针形，长12-18cm，宽2-4.5cm，先端短渐尖，基部渐狭，边缘有波状皱褶，两面无毛。花多数聚生于叶腋，或形成短的总状花序，合成一狭长的圆锥花序；花被片6，2轮，宿存；雄蕊6；柱头3，画笔状。瘦果三棱形，有锐棱，长2mm，褐色有光泽。花果期6-8月。分布区域
Perennial herb, 50-100cm tall. The roots are thick, yellow, and have a sour taste. The stem is erect, usually unbranched, with shallow grooves. The leaves are opposite; the leaf sheaths are membranous, tubular, and often ruptured; the leaf blades are lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 12-18cm long, 2-4.5cm wide, shortly acuminate at the apex, gradually narrowing at the base, with wavy wrinkles on the margins, and hairless on both sides. The flowers are numerous, clustered in leaf axils, or forming short racemes, composing a narrow, elongated, conical inflorescence; the perianth has 6 tepals in 2 whorls, persistent; stamens 6; styles 3, brush-like. The fruit is triangular, sharply edged, 2mm long, brown and shiny. Flowering and fruiting period is from June to August. Distribution area.

分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、青海、福建、台湾、广西、贵州等地。生长环境
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and other regions. Growing environment.

生于沟边湿地，河岸及水甸子旁。
Born in the wetlands by the ditch, by the riverbank and the waterside fields.