藜实，中药名。为藜科植物藜ChenopodiumalbumL.的果实或种子。全国各地均有分布。具有清热祛湿，杀虫止痒之功效。常用于小便不利，水肿，皮肤湿疮，头疮，耳聋。
Li-shi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The fruit or seed of the plant Chenopodium album L. of the Amaranthaceae family. It is distributed throughout the country. It has the functions of clearing heat, eliminating dampness, killing insects, and relieving itching. It is often used for urinary difficulties, edema, damp sores on the skin, head sores, and deafness.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热祛湿，杀虫止痒。
Clearing heat and dampness, killing parasites and relieving itching.

主治 Indications

小便不利，水肿，皮肤湿疮，头疮，耳聋。
Difficulty urinating, edema, damp sores on the skin, sores on the head, and deafness.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-15g。外用：适量，水煎洗；或烧灰调敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g. External use: appropriate amount, decoct with water for washing; or mix with ash for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《沙漠地区药用植物》：“除湿热，利水。”
"Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas": "Clears damp-heat, promotes diuresis."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 治小便不利，水肿：灰藜子3-9g。水煎服。（《沙漠地区药用植物》）

   1. Treatment for difficult urination and edema: 3-9g of Grey Amaranth seeds. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas")

2. 治皮肤湿毒，瘙痒：灰菜子、雪见草、阴行草、紫参各9g。水煎熏洗。（《青岛中草药手册》）
   2. Treatment for damp-heat skin conditions and itching: 9g each of Grey Amaranth seeds, Snow Lotus, Yin Xing Cao, and Zi Shen. Decoction for fumigation and washing. (From "Qingdao Herbal Medicine Handbook")

附注 Note

本种的胞果在辽宁及南方有些地区误作地肤子用，应予纠正。
The fruit of this plant is mistakenly used as "Difuzi" in some areas of Liaoning and southern China, which should be corrected.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季果实成熟时，割取全草，打下果实和种子，除去杂质，晒干或鲜用。
It can be harvested in autumn when the fruits are ripe: cut the whole plant, thresh out the fruits and seeds, remove impurities, and dry in the sun or use fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：胞果五角状扁球形，直径1-1.5mm，花被紧包果外，黄绿色，顶端5裂。裂片三角形，稍反卷，背面有5棱线，呈放射状；无翅；内有果实1枚，果皮膜状，贴生于种子。种子半球形，黑色，有光泽，表面具浅沟纹。
Morphological characteristics: The fruit is pentagonal or orbicular, flattened, with a diameter of 1-1.5mm. The calyx tightly encloses the fruit, which is yellow-green in color, with a five-lobed apex. The lobes are triangular, slightly reflexed, with five ridges on the back, arranged radially; without wings; containing one membranous-skinned fruit attached to the seed. The seed is hemispherical, black, glossy, with shallow grooves on the surface.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：藜科植物藜。
Plant species: Amaranthaceae plant—Amaranth (Chenopodium album).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高30-150cm。茎直立，粗壮，具条棱，绿色或紫红色条纹，多分枝。叶互生；叶柄与叶片近等长，或为叶片长的1/2；下部叶片菱状卵形或卵状三角形，长3-6cm，宽2.5-5cm，先端急尖或微纯，基部楔形，上面通常无粉，有时嫩叶的上面有紫红色粉，边缘有牙齿或作不规则浅裂；上部叶片披针形；下面常被粉质。花小形，两性，黄绿色，每8-15朵聚生成一花簇，许多花簇集成大的或小的圆锥状花序，生于叶腋和枝顶；花被片5，背面具纵隆脊，有粉，先端微凹，边缘膜质；雄蕊5，伸出花被外；子房扁球形，花柱短，柱头2。胞果稍扁，近圆形，果皮与种子贴生，包于花被内。种子横生，双凸镜状，黑色，有光泽，表面有浅沟纹。花期8-9月，果期9-10月。
Annual herb, 30-150cm tall. Stem erect, stout, ribbed, green or striped with purple-red, highly branched. Leaves alternate; petioles nearly equal to blade length or half as long; lower leaves rhombic-ovate or ovate-triangular, 3-6cm long, 2.5-5cm wide, acute or slightly obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, upper surface usually glabrous, sometimes with purple-red powder on young leaves, margins toothed or irregularly shallowly lobed; upper leaves lanceolate; lower surface often mealy. Small bisexual flowers, yellow-green, grouped into clusters of 8-15, forming large or small conical panicles in leaf axils and branch tips. Perianth segments 5, with dorsal keels, mealy, apex slightly notched, margin membranous; stamens 5, exserted; ovary depressed-globose, short style, 2-branched stigma. Utricle slightly flattened, nearly round, pericarp adherent to seed, enclosed by persistent perianth. Seed transversely oriented, lens-shaped, black, shiny, with shallow grooves. Flowering from August to September, fruiting from September to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

全国各地均有分布。
Distributed throughout the country.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于荒地、路旁及山坡。
Found in wastelands, roadsides, and mountain slopes.