蒟酱，中药名。为胡椒科植物蒟酱PiperbetleL.的果穗。分布于台湾、广东、海南、广西、云南等地。具有温中下气，消痰散结，止痛的功效。主治脘腹冷痛，呕吐泄泻，虫积腹痛，咳逆上气，牙痛。
Ju-jiang, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the fruit spike of the plant Piper betle L. from the family Piperaceae, is distributed in Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other regions. It has the effects of warming the middle, descending qi, resolving phlegm and dispersing masses, and relieving pain. It is used to treat cold and painful abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain due to intestinal parasites, rebellious qi causing cough, and toothache.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

温中下气，消痰散结，止痛。
Warm the middle, descend qi, resolve phlegm, disperse accumulation, and alleviate pain.

主治 Indications

脘腹冷痛，呕吐泄泻，虫积腹痛，咳逆上气，牙痛。
Epigastric cold pain, vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain due to intestinal parasites, rebellious qi causing coughing, and toothache.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，2-5g。外用：适量，研末掺。
Internal use: Decoction, 2-5g. External use: Appropriate amount, applied as powder.

注意事项 Precautions

阴虚患者忌用。
Patients with Yin deficiency should avoid using it.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《新修本草》：“味辛，温，无毒。”

1. "Newly Revised Materia Medica": "Pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic."

2、《品汇精要》：“味辛，性温，散，无毒。气之厚者，阳也。臭香。”
2. "Essentials of Materia Medica Compilation": "Pungent in taste, warm in nature, dispersing, non-toxic. Thick qi belongs to yang. Has a strong aroma."

3、《纲目》：“气热，味辛。阳也，浮也。”
3. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Hot in qi, pungent in taste. Belongs to yang, floating."

4、《齐民要术》：“下气消谷。”
4. "Essentials of Qimin's Techniques": "Descend qi and aid digestion."

5、《新修本草》：“主下气温中，破痰积。”
5. "Newly Revised Materia Medica": "Mainly used for descending qi and warming the middle, breaking up phlegm accumulation."

6、《食疗本草》：“温散结气，治心腹中冷气。”
6. "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica": "Warmly disperses qi stagnation, treats cold qi in the heart and abdomen."

7、《海药本草》：“主咳逆上气，心腹虫痛，胃弱虚泻，霍乱吐逆，解酒食味。”
7. "Sea Materia Medica": "Mainly used for cough with rebellious qi, abdominal pain due to worms, weak stomach with diarrhea, cholera with vomiting, relieving alcohol intoxication and improving appetite."

8、《药性考》：“温脾止泻。”
8. "Study on Medicinal Properties": "Warms the spleen and stops diarrhea."

9、《国药提要》：“健胃，祛痰，止泻。”
9. "Essentials of National Medicine": "Strengthens the stomach, resolves phlegm, stops diarrhea."

10、《食物中药与便方》：“行气化痰，祛风散寒。”
10. "Medicinal Foods and Convenient Formulas": "Promotes qi circulation, transforms phlegm, dispels wind, and disperses cold."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 治胃寒痛：蒟酱果6g。水煎加红糖温服。（《食物中药与便方》）

2. Treatment for stomach cold pain: 6g of Zanthoxylum fruit. Decoct in water, add brown sugar, and take it warm. (From "Food Medicine and Prescriptions")

3. 治牙痛：蒟酱、细辛各半两，大皂荚五梃(去子，每孔入青盐，烧存性)。同研末，频掺吐涎。(《御药院方》)

4. Treatment for toothache: Half a liang each of Zanthoxylum and Asarum, and five Ding of Soapberry (remove the seeds, fill each hole with green salt, and burn to ash). Grind them together into powder, and frequently mix with saliva. (From "Imperial Pharmacy Formulas")

5. 治皮肤湿疹、脚癣、股癣：蒟酱果。煎汤洗之。（《食物中药与便方》）

6. Treatment for skin eczema, athlete's foot, and jock itch: Zanthoxylum fruit. Decoct in water and use it for washing. (From "Food Medicine and Prescriptions")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋后果实成熟时采摘，晒1d后，纵破为二，晒干。
Harvest the ripe fruits in autumn, sun-dry them for one day, cut them into halves, and then sun-dry them again.

炮制方法：《雷公炮灸论》：“凡使，采得后，以刀刮上粗皮，便捣，用生姜自然汁拌之，蒸一日了出，日干。每修事五两，用生姜汁五两，蒸干为度。”
Processing method: "Leigong's Moxibustion Therapy": "After collecting the materials, use a knife to scrape off the rough skin, then pound it and mix it with freshly squeezed ginger juice. Steam it for a day until dry. For every five units of the material, use five units of freshly squeezed ginger juice, and steam until dry is the standard."

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：胡椒科植物蒟酱。
The plant species is Zanthoxylum from the Piperaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

蒟酱，又名浮留藤（《新修本草》），扶留藤、蒌藤（《纲目》）。藤本，长达数米。枝梢近木质，茎无毛，常绿，攀援，节上常生根。叶互生，大而厚，纸质至近革质，背面及嫩叶脉上有密细腺点；叶柄长2-5cm，被极细的粉状短柔毛；叶片阔卵形至卵状长圆形，上部的有时为椭圆形，长7-15cm，宽5-11cm，先端渐尖，基部心形、浅心形或上部的有时钝圆，两侧相等至稍不等，腹面无毛，背面沿脉上被极细的粉状短柔毛，叶脉7条，最上1对通常对生，少有互生，离基0.7-2cm从中脉发出，余者均基出，网状脉明显。花单性，雌雄异株，聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序；雄花序开花时几与叶片等长；总花梗与叶柄近等长，花序轴被短柔毛；苞片圆形或近圆形，稀倒卵形，近无柄，盾状，直径1-1.3mm；雄蕊2，花药肾形，2裂，花丝粗，与花药等长或较长；雌花序长约3-5cm，于果期延长，直径约10mm，花序轴密被毛，苞片与雄花序的相同；子房下部嵌生于肉质花序中并与其合生，先端被柔毛，柱头通常4-5，披针形，长约0.6mm，被绒毛。浆果，先端稍凸，有绒毛，下部与花轴合生成为一柱状、肉质、带红色果穗。花期5-7月。
Jujube, also known as Betel pepper vine ("Newly Revised Materia Medica"), or Luofu vine ("Compendium of Materia Medica"). It is a climbing vine reaching several meters in length. The shoots are nearly woody, stems are glabrous, evergreen, climbing, and often root at the nodes. Leaves are alternate, large and thick, papery to subcoriaceous, with dense minute glandular dots on the abaxial surface and young veins. Petioles 2–5 cm long, covered with very fine powdery short hairs; leaf blades broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, sometimes elliptic in upper parts, 7–15 cm long, 5–11 cm wide, apex gradually acuminate, base cordate, shallowly cordate, or sometimes obtuse-rounded in upper leaves, symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface pubescent along veins with very fine powdery hairs. Seven veins, the uppermost pair usually opposite, rarely alternate, arising 0.7–2 cm from the base of the midvein, the rest basal; reticulate veins prominent. Flowers unisexual, plants dioecious, arranged in spikes opposite the leaves. Male spikes nearly equaling the leaves at anthesis; peduncle nearly equaling petiole, rachis pubescent; bracts circular or nearly round, rarely obovate, nearly sessile, peltate, ca. 1–1.3 mm in diameter; stamens 2, anthers reniform, 2-locular, filaments stout, equaling or longer than anthers. Female spikes 3–5 cm long, elongating in fruit, ca. 10 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; bracts similar to those in male spikes. Ovary partially embedded and fused with the fleshy rachis, apex pubescent, stigma usually 4–5, lanceolate, ca. 0.6 mm long, villous. Berry slightly protuberant at apex, pubescent, lower part fused with floral axis forming a cylindrical, fleshy, reddish fruiting spike. Flowering period: May to July.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于台湾、广东、海南、广西、云南等地。
Distributed in Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生长于阴湿的森林中。
Growing in damp and shady forests.