看麦娘，中药名。为禾本科植物看麦娘AlopecurusaequalisSobol.[Alopecurusamurensis（Kom.）Kom.]的全草。我国大部分地区皆有分布。具有清热利湿，止泻，解毒之功效。常用于水肿，水痘，泄泻，黄疸型肝炎，赤眼，毒蛇咬伤。
Take a look a, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Kan-mai-niang. It refers to the whole plant of Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. [Alopecurus amurensis (Kom.) Kom.], a plant of the Poaceae family. It is distributed in most parts of China and is known for its effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, stopping diarrhea, and detoxification. It is commonly used for edema, chickenpox, diarrhea, jaundice-type hepatitis, conjunctivitis, and snake bites.
NMM ID | nmm-02s8 |
系统名 | Alopecurus aequalis Herb |
系统中文名 | 看麦娘全草（kàn mài niáng quán cǎo） |
通用名 | Kan-mai-niang |
通用中文名 | 看麦娘（kàn mài niáng） |
标准化译名 | Alopecurus aequalis Herb (NMM-02S8, Kan-mai-niang) |
标准化中文译名 | 看麦娘全草（NMM-02S8，看麦娘） |
类型 | plant |
物种基源 | Alopecurus aequalis | 看麦娘 |
药用部位 | herb | 全草 |
特殊描述 | |
炮制方法 | |
系统名命名解释 | 本天然药材出自“国家中医药管理局名词术语成果转化与规范推广”项目。 看麦娘，中药名。为禾本科植物看麦娘AlopecurusaequalisSobol.[Alopecurusamurensis（Kom.）Kom.]的全草。我国大部分地区皆有分布。具有清热利湿，止泻，解毒之功效。常用于水肿，水痘，泄泻，黄疸型肝炎，赤眼，毒蛇咬伤。 |
通用名命名解释 | NMMGN衍生自“国家中医药管理局名词术语成果转化与规范推广”项目相关中药材中文名。 |
上级药材 | |
下级药材 | |
创建人 | |
审核专家 |
功效作用 Efficacy and Functions
清热利湿，止泻，解毒。
Clearing heat, promoting diuresis, stopping diarrhea, and detoxifying.
主治 Indications
用于水肿，水痘，泄泻，黄疸型肝炎，赤眼，毒蛇咬伤。
For edema, chickenpox, diarrhea, jaundice hepatitis, conjunctivitis, and snake bites.
用法用量 Usage and Dosage
内服：煎汤，30-60g。外用：适量，捣敷；或煎水洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 30-60g. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application; or decocted for washing.
相关论述 Relevant Discussions
《全国中草药汇编》：“淡、凉。”
"Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines Nationwide": "Mild, cool."
《浙江药用植物志》：“淡，平。”
"Zhejiang Medicinal Plants": "Mild, neutral."
《秦岭巴山天然药物志》：“辛，凉。”
"Natural Medicinal Plants of Qinling and Bashan Mountains": "Pungent, cool."
《湖南药物志》：“治水痘。”
"Hunan Medicinal Plants": "Used for treating chickenpox."
《青岛中草药手册》：“主治消化不良，小儿腹泻。”
"Qingdao Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicines": "Mainly used for treating indigestion and children's diarrhea."
《全国中草药汇编》：“利水消肿，解毒。主治水肿。”
"Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines Nationwide": "Diuretic, reduces swelling, detoxifies. Mainly used for treating edema."
《浙江药用植物志》：“清热解毒，消肿。主治蛇伤。”
"Zhejiang Medicinal Plants": "Clears heat, detoxifies, reduces swelling. Mainly used for snake bites."
《秦岭巴山天然药物志》：“明目散翳，清火解毒。主治红眼，黄疸。”
"Natural Medicinal Plants of Qinling and Bashan Mountains": "Clears vision, disperses opacity, clears heat, detoxifies. Mainly used for red eyes and jaundice."
临床应用 Clinical Applications
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治水肿：（看麦娘）全草60g。水煎服。（《浙江药用植物志》）
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Treatment for edema: (refer to "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants") 60g of the whole plant of Maicao. Decoction and take orally.
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治水痘：（看麦娘）全草30g，野紫苏、芫荽菜各9g。水煎服。（《浙江药用植物志》）
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Treatment for chickenpox: (refer to "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants") 30g of the whole plant of Maicao, 9g each of wild perilla and coriander. Decoction and take orally.
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治小儿腹泻、消化不良：棒槌草适量。煎水洗脚。（《秦岭巴山天然药物志》）
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Treatment for pediatric diarrhea and indigestion: appropriate amount of Bangchui grass. Decoction for foot washing. (refer to "Qinling and Bashan Natural Medicinal Plants")
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治黄疸肝炎：棒槌草20g，虎杖20g。水煎服。（《秦岭巴山天然药物志》）
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Treatment for jaundice hepatitis: 20g of Bangchui grass, 20g of tiger cane. Decoction and take orally. (refer to "Qinling and Bashan Natural Medicinal Plants")
加工炮制 Processing and Preparation
采收加工：春、夏季采收，晒干或鲜用。
Harvesting and processing: Harvest in spring or summer, then dry in the sun or use fresh.
植物学信息 Botanical Information
植物种属：禾本科植物看麦娘。
Plant species: The Poaceae plant is called "Alopecurus aequalis".
形态特征 Morphological Characteristics
看麦娘：一年生草本。秆少数丛生，细瘦，光滑，节处常膝曲，高15-40cm。叶鞘光滑，短于节间；叶舌膜质，长2-5mm；叶片扁平，长3-10cm，宽2-6mm。圆锥花序圆柱状，灰绿色，长2-7cm，宽3-6mm；小穗椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长2-3mm；颖膜质，基部互相联合，具3脉，脊上有细纤毛，侧脉下部有短毛；外稃膜质，先端钝，等大或稍长于颖，下部边缘相连合，芒长1.5-3.5mm，约于稃体下部1/4处伸出，隐藏或外露；花药橙黄色，长0.5-0.8mm。颖果长约1mm。花、果期4-8月。
Alopecurus aequalis: An annual herb. Stems are few, slender, smooth, often geniculate at the nodes, 15-40cm tall. Leaf sheaths are smooth, shorter than the internodes; ligules membranous, 2-5mm long; leaf blades flat, 3-10cm long, 2-6mm wide. Inflorescence is a cylindrical spike, grayish-green, 2-7cm long, 3-6mm wide; spikelets are elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 2-3mm long; glumes membranous, united at the base, with 3 veins, fine hairs on the ridge, short hairs at the base of the lateral veins; lemma membranous, blunt at the apex, equal to or slightly longer than the glume, margins connate at the base, awn 1.5-3.5mm long, extending about 1/4 of the way down the lemma, hidden or exposed; anthers orange-yellow, 0.5-0.8mm long. Caryopsis about 1mm long. Flowering and fruiting period is from April to August.
生长环境 Habitat
常生于海拔较低之田边及潮湿之地。我国大部分地区皆有分布。
It often grows in fields at lower altitudes and in damp areas. It is distributed in most parts of China.