净老鸦柿:净制老鸦柿
Jing-lao-ya-shi: Lao-ya-shi processed by cleaning.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清湿热，利肝胆，活血化瘀。
Clearing damp-heat, regulating liver and gallbladder, promoting blood circulation, and resolving stasis.

主治 Indications

急性黄疸型肝炎，肝硬化，跌打损伤。
Acute jaundice hepatitis, cirrhosis, contusion injury.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-30g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 10-30g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《浙江民间常用草药》：“活血利肝。”
"Activating blood circulation and benefiting the liver."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治急性黄疸型传染性肝炎：老鸦柿枝15-30g，水煎服。或老鸦柿根、胡颓子根、山楂根各30g，水煎服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）

1. Treatment for acute icteric viral hepatitis: 15-30g of old crow persimmon twigs, decocted in water and taken orally. Alternatively, 30g each of old crow persimmon root, hawthorn root, and Chinese sumac root, decocted in water and taken orally. (From "Commonly Used Folk Herbs in Zhejiang Province")

2、治肝硬化：老鸦柿根12g，红枣6个。水煎服，连服10-15剂。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
2. Treatment for cirrhosis: 12g of old crow persimmon root, 6 red dates. Decoct in water and take orally, continuously for 10-15 doses. (From "Commonly Used Folk Herbs in Zhejiang Province")

3、治骨结核：老鸦柿根、化香树根各15g，鱼藤1.8g，黄酒250ml。隔水蒸服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
3. Treatment for bone tuberculosis: 15g each of old crow persimmon root and Chinese sweet gum root, 1.8g of fish vine, 250ml of yellow rice wine. Steam and take orally. (From "Commonly Used Folk Herbs in Zhejiang Province")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年可采，洗净，切片晒干。
Harvest throughout the year, wash, slice, and sun dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：柿科植物老鸦柿。
The Chinese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a plant in the Ebenaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

老鸦柿，又名野山柿。落叶小乔木，高可达8米左右；树皮灰色，平滑；多枝，分枝低，有枝刺；枝深褐色或黑褐色，无毛，散生椭圆形的纵裂小皮孔；小枝略曲折，褐色至黑褐色，有柔毛。冬芽小，长约2毫米，有柔毛或粗伏毛。叶纸质，菱状倒卵形，长4-8.5厘米，宽1.8-3.8厘米，先端钝，基部楔形，上面深绿色，沿脉有黄褐色毛，后变无毛，下面浅绿色，疏生伏柔毛，在脉上较多，中脉在上面凹陷，下面明显凸起，侧脉每边5-6条，上面凹陷，下面明显凸起，小脉纤细，结成不规则的疏网状；叶柄很短，纤细，长2-4毫米，有微柔毛。雄花生当年生枝下部；花萼4深裂，裂片三角形，长约3毫米，宽约2毫米，先端急尖，有髯毛，边缘密生柔毛，背面疏生短柔毛；花冠壶形，长约4毫米，两面疏生短柔毛，5裂，裂片覆瓦状排列，长约2毫米，宽约1.5毫米，先端有髯毛，边缘有短柔毛，外面疏生柔毛，内面有微柔毛；雄蕊16枚，每2枚连生，腹面1枚较短，花丝有柔毛；花药线形，先端渐尖；退化子房小，球形，顶端有柔毛；花梗长约7毫米；雌花：散生当年生枝下部；花萼4深裂，几裂至基部，裂片披针形，长约1厘米，宽约3毫米，先端急尖，边缘有柔毛，外面上部和脊上疏生柔毛，内面无毛，有纤细而凹陷的纵脉；花冠壶形，花冠管长约3.5毫米，宽约4毫米，4脊上疏生白色长柔毛，内面有短柔毛，4裂，裂片长圆形，约和花冠管等长，向外反曲，顶端有髯毛，边缘有柔毛，内面有微柔毛，外面有柔毛；子房卵形，密生长柔毛，4室；花柱2，下部有长柔毛；柱头2浅裂；花梗纤细，长约1.8厘米，有柔毛。果单生，球形，直径约2厘米，嫩时黄绿色，有柔毛，后变橙黄色，熟时桔红色，有蜡样光泽，无毛，顶端有小突尖；有种子2-4颗；种子褐色，半球形或近三棱形，长约1厘米，宽约6毫米，背部较厚，宿存萼4深裂，裂片革质，长圆状披针形，长1.6-2厘米，宽4-6毫米，先端急尖，有明显的纵脉；果柄纤细，长1.5-2.5厘米。花期4-5月，果期9-10月。
The Chinese persimmon, also known as wild persimmon, is a deciduous small tree that can grow up to about 8 meters high. The bark is gray and smooth, with many low branches bearing thorns. Branches are dark brown or blackish-brown, glabrous, with scattered elliptical longitudinal lenticels. Twigs are slightly zigzag, brown to blackish-brown, with soft hairs. Winter buds are small, about 2 mm long, with soft or appressed coarse hairs. Leaves are papery, rhombic-obovate, 4–8.5 cm long and 1.8–3.8 cm wide, blunt at apex, cuneate at base. Upper surface is dark green with yellowish-brown hairs along veins, becoming glabrous later; lower surface is light green with sparse appressed soft hairs, denser on veins. Midrib is sunken above and prominently raised beneath. Lateral veins 5–6 pairs, sunken above, raised below. Fine reticulate venation forms irregular network. Petioles very short, slender, 2–4 mm long, pubescent. Male flowers borne on lower part of current year's shoots. Calyx deeply 4-lobed, lobes triangular, ~3 mm long, ~2 mm wide, acute, ciliate with bearded tips, densely pubescent on margins, sparsely short-pubescent abaxially. Corolla urceolate, ~4 mm long, sparsely short-pubescent on both surfaces, 5-lobed, imbricate, lobes ~2 mm long, ~1.5 mm wide, bearded at tip, ciliate, sparsely pubescent externally, minutely pubescent internally. Stamens 16, in pairs, one shorter, filaments pubescent. Anthers linear, acuminate. Rudimentary ovary small, globose, pubescent at apex. Pedicel ~7 mm long. Female flowers scattered on lower part of new shoots. Calyx deeply 4-lobed nearly to base, lobes lanceolate, ~1 cm long, ~3 mm wide, acute, ciliate, sparsely pubescent on upper outer surface and ridges, glabrous inside, with fine concave longitudinal veins. Corolla urceolate, tube ~3.5 mm long, ~4 mm wide, 4 ridges sparsely white long-pubescent, short-pubescent inside, 4-lobed, lobes oblong, about as long as tube, reflexed outward, bearded at apex, ciliate, minutely pubescent inside, pubescent outside. Ovary ovoid, densely long-pubescent, 4-celled. Style 2, with long pubescence at base, stigma shallowly 2-lobed. Flower stalk slender, ~1.8 cm long, pubescent. Fruit solitary, spherical, ~2 cm in diameter, young fruit yellow-green with soft hairs, turning orange-yellow, ripe fruit orange-red with waxy luster, glabrous, with small apical point. Seeds 2–4, brown, hemispherical or nearly trigonal, ~1 cm long, ~6 mm wide, thicker on back. Persistent calyx deeply 4-lobed, leathery, oblong-lanceolate, 1.6–2 cm long, 4–6 mm wide, acute, with prominent longitudinal veins. Fruit stalk slender, 1.5–2.5 cm long. Flowering from April to May, fruiting from September to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建等地。
Distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡灌丛、山谷沟旁或林中。
Born on hillside shrubs, beside valley ditches, or in forests.