老头草，中药名。为菊科植物黄白火绒草LeontopodiumochroleucumBeauv.的全草。分布于青海、新疆、西藏等地。具有清热凉血之功效。常用于感冒发热，咽喉炎，肾炎。
Lao-tou-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole herb of Leontopodium ochroleucum Beauv., a plant of the Asteraceae family. It is distributed in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, and other regions. It is known for its efficacy in clearing heat and cooling the blood. It is commonly used for treating fever, sore throat, and nephritis.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热凉血。主治
Clearing heat and cooling blood. Used to treat:

感冒发热，咽喉炎，肾炎。用法用量
Cold with fever, pharyngitis, nephritis. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，9-15g。相关论述
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-15g. Relevant discussion.

《新疆中草药》：“清热凉血，消炎。”临床应用 相关配伍
"Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Clears heat, cools blood, and reduces inflammation." Clinical applications and relevant compatibility.

1、治感冒发烧，咽喉肿痛：火绒草15g，青蒿、牛蒡子各9g。水煎服。（《新疆中草药》）2、治急性肾炎，血尿：火绒草15g，车前草、桑白皮、一支蒿各9g。水煎服。（《新疆中草药》）3、治扁桃体炎，咽喉炎：火绒草、紫菀各9g，唇香草3g，马蔺根1.5g。水煎服。（《新疆中草药》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating colds with fever and sore throat: 15g of Herba Euphorbiae, 9g each of Artemisia annua and Arctium lappa seeds. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine")2. For treating acute nephritis with hematuria: 15g of Herba Euphorbiae, 9g each of Plantago asiatica, Morus alba root bark, and Artemisia capillaris. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine")3. For treating tonsillitis and pharyngitis: 9g each of Herba Euphorbiae and Viola yedoensis, 3g of Elsholtzia ciliata, and 1.5g of Cyperus rotundus. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine") Processing and preparation: Harvesting and processing.

夏季采收，洗净，晾干。植物学信息 植物种属
Harvest in summer, wash, and air dry. Botanical information: plant species.

菊科火绒草属黄白火绒草。形态特征
Chrysanthemum indicum belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is characterized by its yellow and white flowers.

多年生草本。根状茎细，短或长达10厘米，有平卧至多少直立的分枝，被有密集的枯叶鞘，有多数莲座状叶丛和花茎密集成高达15厘米的植丛，或有时花茎单生或与莲座状叶丛簇生。茎直立或斜升，极短或高5-15厘米，稀达20厘米或更高，有时无茎，不分枝，纤细，稀稍粗，稍屈曲、草质，被白色或上部被带黄色长柔毛或茸毛，下部常稍脱毛，常有疏生近等距的叶；节间长1-2厘米，有时上部达3-5厘米；较高的茎有时达15个叶，低矮的茎只有1-2个叶。莲座状与茎部叶同形，常较长，下部渐狭，长达6厘米，常脱毛，有宽长的鞘部；茎基部叶在花期生存；中部叶多少直立或稍开展，舌形，长圆形，或匙形，顶端钝，或线状披针形，顶端稍尖，通常长1-5厘米，宽0.2-0.4厘米，边缘平，向基部稍狭，无柄，下部叶有长鞘，草质，有时褶合，两面被密或疏生的灰白色稀稍绿色的长柔毛，有时毛呈絮状而部分脱毛，有时上部叶被较密的黄或白柔毛。苞叶较少数，较茎上部叶短，常较宽，椭圆形或长圆披针形，顶端圆形或稍尖，两面被稍黄色密柔毛或茸毛，稀被灰白色疏毛或近无毛，与花序同长或较长2倍，开展成径约15-25毫米的整齐密集的苞叶群。头状花序径5-7毫米，通常少数至15个密集，稀1个。总苞长4-5毫米，被疏或密的长柔毛；总苞片约3层，披针形，顶端尖，无毛，褐色或深褐色，露出毛茸之上。小花异型，有时在外的头状花序雌性，或雌雄异株。花冠长3-4毫米；雄花花冠管状，上部三分之二狭漏斗状，有卵圆形尖裂片；雌花花冠细管状。冠毛白色，基部黄色或稍褐色，常较花冠稍长；雄花冠毛稍粗，有锯齿或短毛，上端多少粗厚；雌花冠毛细，有微齿。不育的子房无毛；瘦果无毛或有乳头状突起或短毛。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。分布区域
Perennial herb. Rhizomes slender, short or up to 10 centimeters long, with prostrate to somewhat erect branches, covered with dense dry leaf sheaths, with numerous rosettes of leaves and densely clustered flower stems reaching up to 15 centimeters in height, sometimes with solitary flower stems or clustered with rosettes of leaves. Stems erect or ascending, very short or 5-15 centimeters tall, occasionally reaching 20 centimeters or higher, sometimes stemless, unbranched, slender, slightly thickened, slightly curved, herbaceous, covered with white or yellowish long soft hairs or pubescence on the upper part, often slightly hairless on the lower part, often with sparsely spaced leaves; internodes 1-2 centimeters long, sometimes up to 3-5 centimeters in the upper part; taller stems sometimes have up to 15 leaves, while shorter stems have only 1-2 leaves. Rosette leaves similar in shape to stem leaves, often longer, gradually narrowing towards the base, up to 6 centimeters long, often hairless, with broad and long sheaths; basal leaves persist during flowering; middle leaves more or less erect or slightly spreading, tongue-shaped, oblong, or spoon-shaped, blunt or slightly pointed at the tip, usually 1-5 centimeters long, 0.2-0.4 centimeters wide, flat margins, slightly narrowing towards the base, without petioles, lower leaves with long sheaths, herbaceous, sometimes folded, covered on both sides with dense or sparse grayish-white or slightly greenish long soft hairs, sometimes with a cottony appearance and partially hairless, sometimes upper leaves covered with denser yellow or white soft hairs. Bracts few in number, shorter than upper stem leaves, often wider, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or slightly pointed at the tip, covered on both sides with slightly yellow dense soft hairs or pubescence, sparsely covered with grayish-white sparse hairs or nearly hairless, as long as or twice as long as the inflorescence, developing into a neat and dense group of bracts about 15-25 millimeters in diameter. Capitulum 5-7 millimeters in diameter, usually few to 15 densely packed, rarely solitary. Involucre 4-5 millimeters long, covered with sparse or dense long soft hairs; involucral bracts about 3 layers, lanceolate, pointed at the tip, hairless, brown or dark brown, with hairy pubescence exposed above. Flowers dimorphic, sometimes the outer capitula are female, or the plants are dioecious. Corolla 3-4 millimeters long; corolla of male flowers tubular, funnel-shaped in the upper two-thirds, with oval pointed lobes; corolla of female flowers slender tubular. Corolla hairs white, yellowish or slightly brown at the base, often slightly longer than the corolla; corolla hairs of male flowers slightly thicker, serrated or short-haired, somewhat thickened at the upper end; corolla hairs of female flowers slender, with tiny teeth. Sterile ovaries hairless; achenes hairless or with nipple-like protrusions or short hairs. Flowering period from July to August, fruiting period from August to September. Distribution area.

分布于青海、新疆、西藏等地。生长环境
Distributed in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet and other regions. Growing environment.

生于海拔2300-4500m的高山和亚高山湿润或干燥草地、沙地、石砾地或雪线附近的岩石上。
It grows on rocks near the snow line in high mountains and subalpine moist or dry grasslands, sandy areas, gravelly areas at altitudes of 2300-4500 meters.