桤木皮，中药名。为桦木科桤木属植物桤木AlnuscremastogyneBurk.的树皮。分布于陕西、甘肃、四川、贵州等地，江苏有栽培。具有凉血止血，清热解毒之功效。主治吐血，衄血，崩漏，肠炎，痢疾，风火赤眼，黄水疮。
Qi-mu-pi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The bark of Alnus cremastogyne Burk., a plant of the Betulaceae family and Alnus genus. It is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, and cultivated in Jiangsu. It has the functions of cooling blood, stopping bleeding, clearing heat, and detoxifying. It is mainly used for treating vomiting blood, hemorrhage, menometrorrhagia, enteritis, dysentery, conjunctivitis, and eczema.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

凉血止血，清热解毒。
Cooling the blood and stopping bleeding, clearing heat and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

吐血，衄血，崩漏，肠炎，痢疾，风火赤眼，黄水疮。
Hematemesis, epistaxis, menometrorrhagia, enteritis, dysentery, acute conjunctivitis, and eczema.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-15g。外用：鲜品适量，捣敷；或煎水洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g. External use: Fresh herbs in appropriate amount, mashed for application; or decocted for washing.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《天宝本草》：“平肝伐木，清火利气。治鼻衄，崩证，风火赤目。”
"Tianbao Bencao": "Calms the liver, suppresses yang, clears heat, and benefits qi. Used to treat epistaxis, menorrhagia, and red eyes due to wind-heat."

《贵州民间药物》：“解毒，清热。治麻疯。”
"Guizhou Folk Medicine": "Detoxifies, clears heat. Used to treat leprosy."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治腹泻，牛屎树皮9g。捣绒兑开水服。每日3次。（《贵州民间药物》）

1. For treating diarrhea, take 9g of cow dung tree bark. Grind it into powder and mix with boiling water to drink. Take it three times a day. (From "Guizhou Folk Medicine")

2、治麻疯，牛屎树、小米柴、三棱草（八面风）各250g。共捣绒，煎水洗患处。（《贵州民间药物》）
2. For treating leprosy, take 250g each of cow dung tree, Chinese sumac, and Tribulus terrestris. Grind them together, decoct in water, and use the solution to wash the affected area. (From "Guizhou Folk Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年可采，鲜用或晒干。
Harvestable all year round, can be used fresh or dried.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：桦木科桤木属植物桤木。
Alnus is a plant of the Betulaceae family, Alnus genus.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

桤木，又名牛屎树、罗拐木、菜壳蒜（《贵州民间药物》），水青冈、水漆树（《秦岭巴山天然药物志》）。落叶大乔木，高30-40m。树皮光滑，灰色；枝条灰色或灰褐色，无毛，幼枝有短柔毛；芽具柄，有2枚芽鳞。单叶互生；叶柄长1-2cm，几无毛；叶片倒卵形、倒卵状长圆形或椭圆形，长4-14cm，宽2.5-8cm，先端急尖，基部阔楔形，边缘具疏锯齿，上面疏生腺点，幼时疏生长柔毛，下面密生腺点，几无毛，脉腋间有时具簇生的髯毛；侧脉8-10对。花单性，雌雄同株；雄花为葇荑花序，单生，下垂，长3-4cm，每一苞片有花3朵；雌花序球形，每苞片2朵花，无花萼，小苞片附着于苞片上。果穗单生，下垂，长圆形，长1-3.5cm，直径5-20mm，果序柄细长，柔软，长2-8cm，无毛，果苞木质，先端具5枚浅裂片。小坚果卵形，扁平，长约3mm，具膜质翅。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
Alnus, also known as Cow Dung Tree, Luoguai Mu, Caikeshuan ("Guizhou Folk Medicine"), Shuiqinggang, Shuiqishu ("Natural Medicinal Plants of Qinling and Bashan"). Deciduous tall tree, 30-40m high. Bark smooth, gray; branches gray or gray-brown, glabrous, young branches with short pubescence; buds petiolate, with 2 bud scales. Leaves alternate; petiole 1-2cm long, nearly glabrous; blade obovate, obovate-oblong, or elliptic, 4-14cm long, 2.5-8cm wide, acute at apex, broadly cuneate at base, sparsely serrulate margin, sparsely glandular on upper surface, pubescent when young, densely glandular beneath, nearly glabrous, sometimes with tufted hairs in axils; lateral veins 8-10 pairs. Flowers unisexual, monoecious; male flowers in solitary pendulous catkins, 3-4cm long, each bract with 3 flowers; female flowers in spherical clusters, 2 flowers per bract, without sepals, small bracts attached to bracts. Fruit spike solitary, pendulous, oblong, 1-3.5cm long, 5-20mm in diameter, peduncle slender, soft, 2-8cm long, glabrous, fruit bracts woody, apex shallowly 5-lobed. Nutlets ovate, flattened, about 3mm long, with membranous wings. Flowering April-May, fruiting August-September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于陕西、甘肃、四川、贵州等地，江苏有栽培。
Distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, etc., and cultivated in Jiangsu.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山区的沟边或林中，常成群落生长。
Born in mountainous areas, growing in gullies or forests, often in clusters.