蝮蛇，中药名。为蝰科动物蝮蛇Agkistrodonhalys(Pallas)除去内脏的全体。具有祛风，通络，止痛，解毒之功效。用于风湿痹痛，麻风，瘰疬，疮疖，疥癣，痔疾，肿瘤。
Fu-she, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole body of the venomous snake Agkistrodon halys (Pallas) of the Viperidae family, with the viscera removed. It is used for its effects of dispelling wind, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, and detoxification. It is used for rheumatic arthralgia, leprosy, scrofula, sores, carbuncles, scabies, hemorrhoids, and tumors.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风，通络，止痛，解毒。
Dispelling wind, promoting circulation, relieving pain, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，麻风，瘰疬，疮疖，疥癣，痔疾，肿瘤。
Used for rheumatic pain, leprosy, scrofula, sores, scabies, hemorrhoids, and tumors.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：浸酒，每条蝮蛇用60度白酒1000ml浸3个月，每次饮5-10ml，日饮1-2次；或烧存性研成细粉，每次0.5-1.5g，日服2次。外用：适量，油浸、酒渍或烧存性研末调敷。
Internal use: soak the snake in 60-degree white wine (1000ml) for 3 months, drink 5-10ml each time, 1-2 times a day; or grind it into fine powder, take 0.5-1.5g each time, twice a day. External use: apply an appropriate amount of oil-soaked, wine-soaked, or burned and ground powder.

注意事项 Precautions

阴虚血亏者慎服，孕妇禁服。
Those with Yin deficiency and blood deficiency should take it with caution, and pregnant women should not take it.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

1、抗炎作用。

1. Anti-inflammatory effect.

2、对免疫功效的影响：能刺激脾脏和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功效。
2. Impact on immune function: can stimulate the spleen and peritoneal macrophages to enhance phagocytosis.

3、其他作用，有清除自由基和延缓衰老作用，还可能有降血脂作用。
3. Other effects include scavenging free radicals, delaying aging, and possibly lowering blood lipids.

4、镇痛作用。
4. Analgesic effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《药性论》：“治五痔，肠风泻血。”

1. "Materia Medica": "Treat hemorrhoids by clearing intestinal wind and stopping bleeding."

2、《纲目》：“治破伤中风，大风恶疾。”
2. "Compendium": "Treat traumatic injury-induced stroke and severe wind-related illnesses."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治疗麻风病及麻风反应。

1. Treatment of leprosy and leprosy reactions.

2、治疗浸润型肺结核。
2. Treatment of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1、治大风及诸恶风，恶疮，瘰疬，皮肤顽痹，半身枯死，皮肤手足脏腑间重疾并主之：蝮蛇一枚，活着器中，以醇酒一斗投之，埋于马溺处，周年以后开取，酒味犹存，蛇已消化。不过服一升已来，当觉举身习习，服讫，服他药不复得力。亦有小毒，不可顿服。（《本草拾遗》）

1. Treat severe wind-related diseases, malignant ulcers, scrofula, stubborn skin paralysis, half-body necrosis, and severe skin, hand, foot, and visceral diseases: Take a live pit viper, place it in a container with a dou of strong liquor, bury it in horse dung, and retrieve it after a year. The liquor will still have its original taste, while the snake will have been digested. After consuming just one liter, the whole body will feel warm. Once the treatment is completed, other medicines will no longer be effective. Be cautious of its mild toxicity and avoid sudden intake. (Compendium of Materia Medica)

2、治白癞：大蝮蛇一枚，切勿令伤，以酒渍之，大者一斗，小者五升，以糠火温，寻取蛇一寸许，以腊月猪膏和，敷疮。（《肘后方》）
2. Treat vitiligo: Take a large pit viper, being careful not to harm it, soak it in liquor. For a large snake, use one dou of liquor; for a small one, use five sheng. Warm it over a fire with bran until the snake is about an inch long, then mix it with lard from a pig slaughtered in the twelfth lunar month and apply it to the ulcer. (Prescriptions from the Elbow Reserve)

3、治胃痉挛：蝮蛇，酒浸一年以上，每食前饮一杯，一日3次，连续二十日有效。（《动植物民间药》）
3. Treat stomach spasms: Soak a pit viper in liquor for over a year, drink a cup before each meal, three times a day, for twenty consecutive days to see results. (Folk Medicine of Animals and Plants)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春夏间捕捉。捕得后剖腹除去内脏，盘成圆盘形，烘干。亦可鲜用。
The harvesting and processing methods involve capturing during spring and summer. After capture, cut open the abdomen, remove the internal organs, shape into round discs, and dry. It can also be used fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：本品呈圆盘状，盘径6-8cm，头居中。体背黑灰色，有的个体有圆形黑斑，背鳞起棱，多脱落。腹面可见剖除内脏的沟槽，脱落的腹鳞长条形，半透明。尾部较短，长6-8cm。质坚韧，不易折断。气腥。骨骼特征：鼻骨前端较突出，躯干椎的棘突较低矮，基本不后倾，椎体不突尖端较平截，多数成长短不等的竖刀状，尾椎脉突侧面观亦成短竖刀状。
The medicinal material characteristics are as follows: This species is disc-shaped, with a diameter of 6-8cm, and the head is located in the center. The back of the body is blackish-gray, with some individuals having round black spots. The dorsal scales are raised and often shed. On the ventral side, grooves can be seen where the internal organs were removed, and the shed ventral scales are elongated and semi-transparent. The tail is relatively short, about 6-8cm long. The texture is tough and not easily broken. It has a strong odor. Skeletal features include a prominent front end of the nasal bone, low and squat spinous processes of the trunk vertebrae that are basically not inclined backward, vertebral bodies that are not sharply pointed but rather flat and truncated at the tip, with most growing into short, uneven vertical knife shapes. The transverse processes of the caudal vertebrae also appear as short vertical knife shapes when viewed from the side.

动物学信息 Zoological Information

动物属种：蝰科动物蝮蛇。
The hump-nosed pit viper is a snake belonging to the Viperidae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

蝮蛇，全长60cm左右。头略呈三角形，与颈区分明显，背面浅褐色到红褐色，正脊有两行深棕色圆斑，彼此交错排列略并列，背鳞外侧及腹鳞间有1行黑褐色不规则粗点，略呈星状；腹面灰白，密布棕褐色或黑褐色细点。鼻间鳞宽短，排成“∧”形；眶前鳞2，眶后鳞2（3），眶下鳞新月形，颞鳞2+4（3）；上唇鳞2-1-4（2-1-3、3-1-4）式。背鳞21（23）-21-17（15）行，中段最外行平滑或均具棱；腹鳞137-173，肛鳞完整；尾下鳞29-54对，少数为单行。
The hump-nosed pit viper is about 60cm in total length. Its head is slightly triangular, clearly distinguished from the neck. The back is light brown to reddish-brown, with two rows of dark brown circular spots along the spine, arranged in a slightly staggered manner. There is a row of irregular dark brown coarse dots on the outer side of the back scales and between the belly scales, forming a slightly star-shaped pattern. The belly is gray-white, densely covered with brown or dark brown fine dots. The scales between the nostrils are wide and short, arranged in a "∧" shape; there are 2 preocular scales, 2 (or 3) postocular scales, a crescent-shaped subocular scale, and 2+4 (or 3) temporal scales; the upper labial scales are in a 2-1-4 (or 2-1-3, 3-1-4) pattern. There are 21 (or 23)-21-17 (or 15) rows of dorsal scales, with the outermost row in the middle section being smooth or having keels; there are 137-173 ventral scales, with a complete anal scale; and 29-54 pairs of subcaudal scales, some of which are in a single row.

分布区域 Distribution Area

广泛分布于我国各地。
Widely distributed throughout various regions of China.