葎草，中药名。为桑科植物葎草（Humulusscandens(Lour.)Merr.）的全草。9～10月收获，选晴天，收割地上部分，除去杂质，晒干。我国大部分地区有分布。生于路旁、沟边湿地，村寨篱笆上或林缘灌丛。苦、甘，性寒，归肺、肾经。具有清热解毒、利尿通淋的功效，主肺热咳嗽、肺痈、虚热烦渴、热淋、水肿、小便不利、湿热泻痢、热毒疮疡、皮肤瘙痒等病证。
Lv-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole plant of Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., a plant of the Moraceae family. It is harvested from September to October on sunny days, and the aboveground parts are selected, cleaned of impurities, and dried in the sun. It is distributed in most parts of China, growing on roadsides, ditch edges, wetlands, village fences, or forest edges and thickets. Lv-cao has a bitter and sweet taste, a cold nature, and enters the lung and kidney meridians. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting diuresis and relieving stranguria. It is mainly used for lung-heat cough, lung abscess, restless due to deficient heat, heat stranguria, edema, difficult urination, damp-heat diarrhea, heat-toxin sores and ulcers, and itchy skin.

功效作用 功能
The efficacy and functions.

清热解毒、利尿通淋。主治
Clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting diuresis, and treating stranguria.

主肺热咳嗽，肺痈，虚热烦渴，热淋，水肿，小便不利，湿热泻痢，热毒疮疡，皮肤瘙痒。用法用量
Lung heat cough, lung abscess, deficiency heat with restlessness and thirst, hot urinary dysfunction, edema, difficult urination, damp-heat diarrhea, heat-toxin sores and ulcers, and itchy skin. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，10-15g,鲜品30-60g；或捣汁。外用：适量，捣敷；或煎水熏洗。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g dried or 30-60g fresh; or pounded for juice. External use: Apply an appropriate amount for poultice; or decoct and use for fumigation and washing. Precautions.

非热病者慎用。药理作用
Not suitable for non-febrile patients. Pharmacological effects.

茎、叶的乙醇浸液在试管内对革兰氏阳性菌有显著抑制作用。葎草酮与蛇麻酮相似，也有抗菌作用；对革兰氏阳性及阴性细菌、某些真菌、酵母菌的生长有抑制作用。也有报告对革兰氏阴性细菌、酵母菌无效者。对革兰氏阴性细菌的作用，葎草酮为蛇麻酮的1/20，对结核杆菌的作用为蛇麻酮的1/10。葎草酮对猫有二硝基酚样作用，静脉注射3毫克/公斤后，可使氧耗量立即增加1倍，并出现呼吸急促，随之体温升高；并可因体温过度升高（45℃）而致死，死亡迅速发生严重“尸僵”。大量注射尚可产生糖尿、血尿。对兔的作用远较猫为差。临床应用 相关配伍
The ethanol extract of stems and leaves has a significant inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria in test tubes. The compound coumarin is similar to psoralen and also has antibacterial properties, inhibiting the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, certain fungi, and yeast. However, there are reports that it is ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. In terms of its effect on Gram-negative bacteria, the potency of coumarin is 1/20 that of psoralen, and its effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis is 1/10 that of psoralen. Coumarin has a nitrophenol-like effect on cats. Intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg can immediately double the oxygen consumption, leading to rapid breathing, elevated body temperature, and potentially fatal overheating (up to 45°C), resulting in rapid and severe rigor mortis. Large injections can also cause glycosuria and hematuria. Its effects on rabbits are much less pronounced than on cats. Clinical application and relevant compatibility should be considered.

1、治膏淋：葎草捣生汁三升，酢二合。相和，空腹顿服，当溺如白汁。

1. Treatment for gonorrhea: Extract the juice from 3 liters of Desmodium styracifolium and mix it with 400ml of vinegar. Take it on an empty stomach, and it should induce urination resembling white fluid.

2、治砂石淋：鲜葎草茎四至五两。捣烂，酌加开水擂汁服。
2. Treatment for urinary stones: Take four to five liang (a traditional Chinese unit of weight) of fresh Lysimachia christinae stems, mash them, add an appropriate amount of boiling water, and drink the juice.

3、治新久疟疾：葛葎草一握(去两头，秋冬用干者)、恒山末等分。以淡浆水二大盏，浸药，星月下露一宿，五更煎一盏，以吐痰愈。
3. Treatment for persistent malaria: Take a handful of kudzu root (remove both ends, use dried ones in autumn and winter) and equal parts of Hengshan grass. Soak them in two large bowls of fresh water, and let them sit in the dew under the stars and moon for one night. Boil one bowl at the fifth watch to induce expectoration and promote recovery from phlegm.

4、治久痢成疳：葎草干蔓捣筛，量多少，管吹谷道中。
4. Treating chronic dysentery leading to accumulation of toxins: Dry the stems and vines of Desmodium, crush and sift them, and administer a suitable amount through the anus.

5、治痢疾或小便淋沥，尿血等：鲜葎草二至四两。水煎，饭前服，日两次。
5. For treating dysentery, frequent urination with dripping, or blood in the urine: Take 2-4 liang of fresh Houttuynia cordata. Decoct in water, take before meals, twice a day.

6、治癞，遍体皆疮：葎草一担，以水二石，煮取一石，以渍疮。
6. For treating leprosy and widespread sores: Take one dan (about 50 kg) of artemisia, add two shi (about 12 kg) of water, boil and reduce to one shi (about 6 kg), then use the decoction to soak the sores.

7、治乌癞：葎草二秤(锉，细淘)，益母草一秤(锉，洗淘)。用水二石五斗，煮取一石五斗，漉去滓，盆瓮中浸浴一时辰久方出，用被衣覆之，又再浸浴一时辰久方出，勿令见风，明日复作。如入汤后，举身瘙痒不可忍，令旁人捉手，不令搔动，食顷渐定。后隔三日一浴。其药水经浴两次即弃之。
7. Treatment for scabies: 2 catties of artemisia (cut and finely washed), 1 catty of motherwort (cut and washed). Boil with 25 dou of water, reduce to 15 dou, strain the residue, soak the affected area in a tub for one hour, cover with a blanket, then soak again for one hour, avoiding exposure to wind. Repeat the next day. If the itching is unbearable after soaking, have someone hold your hands to prevent scratching, and the itching will gradually subside. Bathe every three days thereafter. Discard the medicinal water after two baths.

8、治皮肤瘙痒：葎草适量，水煎熏洗。
8. Treatment for itchy skin: Use an appropriate amount of artemisia annua, decoct it in water, and use the liquid to fumigate and wash the affected area.

9、治痈毒初起(皮色不变，硬肿不痛)：葎蓉草鲜叶一握。以冷开水洗净，和红糖捣烂，加热敷贴，日换两次。
9. Treatment for early stage of carbuncle or abscess (unchanged skin color, hard swelling without pain): Take a handful of fresh Houttuynia cordata leaves, wash them with cold water, crush them with brown sugar, and apply the mixture as a warm compress. Change the compress twice a day.

10、治瘰疬：葎草鲜叶二两，黄酒二两，红糖四两。水煎，分三次饭后服。
10. Treatment for scrofula: Take two liang of fresh leaves of mugwort, two liang of yellow rice wine, and four liang of brown sugar. Decoction with water, and take it three times after meals.

11、治小儿天泡疮： 割人藤煎水洗，每日一至二次。忌鱼腥发物。
11. Treatment for infantile eczema: Wash the affected area with boiled Houttuynia cordata water once or twice daily. Avoid fishy and spicy foods.

12、治蛇、蝎螫伤： 葎草鲜叶一握，雄黄一钱。捣烂敷贴。
12. Treatment for snake and scorpion bites: Take a handful of fresh Acanthopanax leaves and one qian (a unit of weight) of realgar. Grind them into a paste and apply it to the affected area.

13、治痔疮脱肛：鲜葎草三两。煎水熏洗。加工炮制 采收加工
13. Treatment for hemorrhoids and prolapse of the anus: Use three liang of fresh Houttuynia cordata, decoct in water for fumigation and washing. Process and prepare the herbs for use.

9～10月收获，选晴天，收割地上部分，除去杂质，晒干。炮制方法
Harvest between September and October on sunny days, harvest the above-ground parts, remove impurities, and dry in the sun. Processing method.

净制：除去木质茎、残根及杂质。切制：除去杂质、木质茎、残根、淋水稍润，切段、晒干，筛去灰屑。药材鉴别 鉴别
Cleaning: Remove woody stems, residual roots, and impurities. Cutting: Remove impurities, woody stems, residual roots, slightly moisten with water, cut into sections, air dry, and sift out the ash. Identification of medicinal materials.

药材性状：叶皱缩成团。完整叶片展平后为近肾形五角状，掌状深裂，裂片5-7，边缘有粗锯齿，两面均有毛茸，下面有黄色小腺点；叶柄长5-20cm，有纵沟和倒刺。茎圆形，有倒刺和毛茸。质脆易碎，茎断面中空，不平坦，皮、木部易分离。有的可见花序或果穗。气微，味淡。
Medicinal material characteristics: The leaves are wrinkled and shriveled into clusters. When the complete leaf is spread out, it is nearly kidney-shaped and pentagonal, deeply lobed like a palm, with 5-7 lobes, and coarse serrations on the edges. Both sides are hairy, with yellow glandular dots on the underside. The leaf stalk is 5-20cm long, with longitudinal grooves and spines. The stem is round with spines and hair. It is brittle and easily broken, with a hollow and uneven cross-section, and the bark and wood are easily separated. Some may have inflorescences or fruit spikes. It has a mild aroma and a bland taste.

显微鉴别叶横切面：表皮细胞1列，上、下表皮均有非腺毛及含钟乳体晶细胞。钟乳体多存在于短而膨大的非腺毛中。位于主脉维管束的下表皮内侧有厚角组织；栅状组织1列细胞，海绵组织细胞较疏松；主脉维管束外韧型。薄壁细胞含草酸钙簇晶。
Microscopic identification of leaf transverse section: epidermal cells in one layer, both upper and lower epidermis have non-glandular hairs and contain cystolith idioblasts. Cystoliths are mostly present in short and swollen non-glandular hairs. Thick-walled sclerenchyma tissue is present on the inner side of the lower epidermis of the main vein vascular bundle; palisade tissue consists of one layer of cells, and spongy tissue cells are relatively loose; the main vein vascular bundle is of the collateral type. Thin-walled cells contain clusters of calcium oxalate crystals.

茎横切面：呈多角形。表皮细胞1列，可见钩刺及非腺毛，棱的内侧有厚角组织。皮层较窄。维管束外韧型，环列；髓部宽广。薄壁细胞含草酸钙簇晶。
Stem cross-section: polygonal in shape. The epidermal cells are arranged in a single layer, with visible hook thorns and non-glandular trichomes. There is thick cork tissue on the inner side of the edges. The cortex is relatively narrow. The vascular bundle is exarch, arranged in a ring; the pith is broad. Thin-walled cells contain clusters of calcium oxalate crystals.

粉末特征：叶粉末黄绿色。①上表皮细胞多角形，垂周壁平直，气孔少；下表皮细胞垂周壁稍弯曲，气孔不定式，副卫细胞5-6个。②非腺毛为单细胞，长50-612μm，有的先端弯曲或呈钩状，有时可见壁疣；有的足部膨大且短，内含钟乳体，并以上表皮为多见。③螺纹导管直径11-29μm。④纤维直径21-35μm，壁厚1-5μm。⑤草酸钙簇晶直径7-32μm，棱角较短。植物学信息 植物种属
Powder characteristics: The leaf powder is yellow-green in color. ① The upper epidermal cells are polygonal, with straight periclinal walls and few stomata; the lower epidermal cells have slightly curved periclinal walls, indefinite stomata, and 5-6 subsidiary cells. ② Non-glandular trichomes are single-celled, 50-612μm long, some with curved or hooked tips, and sometimes with wall papillae; some have swollen and short bases, containing idioblasts, and are more common on the upper epidermis. ③ Spiral vessels have a diameter of 11-29μm. ④ Fibers have a diameter of 21-35μm and a wall thickness of 1-5μm. ⑤ Calcium oxalate cluster crystals have a diameter of 7-32μm, with relatively short edges. Botanical information: Plant species.

桑科植物葎草。形态特征
The mulberry family plant is called "Kui Cao" in Chinese. Its morphological characteristics include...

一年生或多年生蔓性草本。茎长达数米，淡绿色，有纵条棱，茎棱和叶柄上密生短倒向钩刺。单叶对生；叶柄长5-20cm，稍有6条棱，有倒向短钩刺；掌状叶5-7深裂，直径约5-15cm，裂片卵形或卵状披针形，先端急尖或渐尖，边缘有锯齿，上面有粗刚毛，下面有细油点，脉上有硬毛。花单性，雌雄异株；雄花序为圆锥花序，雌花序为短穗状花序；雄花小，具花被片5，黄绿色，雄蕊5，花丝丝状，短小；雌花每2朵具1苞片，苞片卵状披针形，被白色刺毛和黄色小腺点，花被片1 ，灰白色，紧包雌蕊，子房单一，上部突起，疏生细毛。果穗绿色，近球形；瘦果淡黄色，扁球形。花期6-10月，果期8-11月。分布区域
An annual or perennial creeping herbaceous plant. The stem can grow up to several meters long, pale green in color, with longitudinal ridges, and densely covered with short downward-hooked prickles on the stem ridges and petioles. The leaves are opposite; the petiole is 5-20cm long, slightly ridged, and with downward-hooked prickles; the palmate leaf is deeply lobed, with 5-7 lobes, approximately 5-15cm in diameter, ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, serrated margins, rough hairs on the upper surface, fine oil dots on the lower surface, and hard hairs on the veins. The flowers are unisexual, with separate male and female plants; the male flowers are in a conical spike, while the female flowers are in a short spike; the male flowers are small, with 5 tepals, yellow-green in color, 5 stamens, filiform, and short; every 2 female flowers have 1 bract, bract ovate-lanceolate, covered with white prickles and yellow glandular dots, 1 tepal, grayish-white, tightly enclosing the pistil, ovary solitary, with a prominent upper part and sparse fine hairs. The fruit spike is green, nearly spherical; the achene is pale yellow, globose. The flowering period is from June to October, and the fruiting period is from August to November. Distribution area.

我国大部分地区有分布。生长环境
Most regions in our country have distribution. Growth environment

生于路旁、沟边湿地，村寨篱笆上或林缘灌丛。
Born by the roadside and in wetlands by the ditch, on the fences of villages and in the shrubs at the edge of the woods.