净柽柳:净制柽柳
Jing-cheng-liu: Cheng-liu processed by cleaning.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

发表透疹，祛风除湿。
Erupting measles, dispelling wind and removing dampness.

主治 Indications

1、麻疹不透，风疹瘙痒：本品辛散透发，功专发表透疹，主治麻疹初起，疹出不畅，或表邪外束，疹毒内陷，始见形而骤然收没者。

1. Measles with no rash, rubella with itching: This product has the function of dispersing and promoting the rash. It is specifically used for the initial stage of measles, when the rash is not smooth, or when the external pathogenic factors bind the surface and the rash toxin sinks inward, causing a sudden disappearance of the rash.

2、风湿痹痛：本品辛散，有祛风除湿作用，治疗风湿痹证，肢节疼痛。
2. Rheumatic pain: This product has the function of dispersing pungency and eliminating wind and dampness. It is used to treat rheumatic arthralgia and pain in the limbs and joints.

3、西医诊为麻疹、多形性红斑、荨麻疹等见有表邪外束者，风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、神经痛性肌萎缩症、肩部粘连囊炎、滑膜炎及肌腱滑膜炎、其他无菌性骨坏死、痛风性关节炎等属于风湿之邪阻滞经络者。
3. Western medicine diagnosis includes measles, erythema multiforme, urticaria with external pathogenic factors binding the surface, rheumatoid arthritis, neurogenic muscular atrophy, adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, synovitis and tenosynovitis, aseptic necrosis of bone, gouty arthritis, and other conditions where rheumatic pathogens obstruct the meridians.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-15g；或入散剂。外用：煎汤擦洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g; or use as a powder. External use: Decoction for washing.

注意事项 Precautions

麻疹已透者不宜使用。用量过大易致心烦、呕吐。
Measles patients should not use it. Excessive dosage may cause restlessness and vomiting.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

本品含挥发油、芸香苷、槲皮苷、有机酸、树脂、胡萝卜苷等。
This product contains volatile oil, rutin, quercitrin, organic acids, resin, daucosterol, and other components.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、抗病原微生物作用：煎剂体外试验可抑制肺炎链球菌、甲型链球菌、白色葡萄球菌、流感杆菌等。

1. Antimicrobial effects: In vitro tests of the decoction show inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and influenza bacillus.

2、解热作用：浸膏给人工发热兔皮下注射12g/kg，表明有一定的解热作用。
2. Antipyretic effects: Subcutaneous injection of 12g/kg of the extract in artificially feverish rabbits indicates a certain antipyretic effect.

3、对呼吸系统的影响：煎剂给小鼠腹腔注射5g/kg，有明显止咳作用，但无祛痰作用，对豚鼠亦无明显平喘作用。
3. Effects on the respiratory system: Intraperitoneal injection of 5g/kg of the decoction in mice shows a significant antitussive effect, but no expectorant effect, and no significant bronchodilation effect in guinea pigs.

4、此外，柽柳有一定的解毒、抗炎及减轻四氯化碳引起肝组织损害作用。
4. In addition, Tamarix has certain detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage.

毒理作用 Toxicological Effects

柽柳煎剂小鼠腹腔注射的半数致死量（LD50）为21.6g/kg。
The median lethal dose (LD50) of Tamarix decoction administered via intraperitoneal injection in mice is 21.6g/kg.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《本草备要》：治痧疹不出，喘嗽闷乱。

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica Essentials": Treats rashes that do not emerge, as well as wheezing and breathlessness.

2、《本经逢原》：去风。煎汤浴风疹身痒效。
2. "Bencao Congzhu": Dispels wind. Decoction bath is effective for relieving body itching caused by wind rash.

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治麻疹初起，疹出不畅，或表邪外束，疹毒内陷，始见形而骤然收没者，常与牛蒡子、蝉蜕、竹叶等透疹药同用，如竹叶柳蒡汤（《先醒斋医学广笔记》）。亦可煎汤熏洗、擦摩。此外，本品煎汤沐浴治风疹瘙痒，也可配伍防风、荆芥、薄荷等祛风止痒药。

1. For the early stage of measles when the rash is not fully developed, or when the pathogenic factors are externally constrained and the rash toxin is internally trapped, resulting in a sudden disappearance of the rash, it is often used in combination with measles-penetrating herbs such as Arctium lappa, Cicada slough, and bamboo leaves, such as Bamboo Leaf and Arctium Soup (from "Medical Notes of Xianxingzhai"). It can also be decocted for fumigation, washing, and rubbing. Additionally, this herb can be used in bathing decoctions to treat pruritus due to rubella, and combined with wind-dispelling and itch-relieving herbs such as Saposhnikovia divaricata, Schizonepeta, and Mentha.

2、治疗风湿痹证，肢节疼痛，可与羌活、独活、秦艽等祛风湿、止痹痛药同用。
2. For treating rheumatic arthralgia and joint pain, it can be used in combination with wind-dampness-dispelling and pain-relieving herbs such as Notopterygium root, Angelica pubescens, and Gentiana macrophylla.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1、柽柳配荆芥、防风：三者均能祛风止痒，配伍应用，常用治风疹瘙痒。

1. Tamarix combined with Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia: All three have wind-dispelling and anti-itch effects. When used together, they are commonly used to treat wind rash and itching.

2、柽柳配羌活、独活：柽柳能祛风除湿；羌活、独活善于祛风除湿止痛。三者配伍祛风除湿止痛。常用治风湿痹证，肢节疼痛。
2. Tamarix combined with Notopterygium and Angelica pubescens: Tamarix dispels wind and dampness; Notopterygium and Angelica pubescens are good at dispelling wind-dampness and relieving pain. The combination effectively treats wind-damp arthralgia and limb joint pain.

鉴别用药 Differentiation in Medicinal Use

胡荽与柽柳：胡荽与柽柳均为辛温解表药，都能发汗透疹，治疗疹出不透等。二者不同之处在于胡荽兼能芳香开胃，可用治饮食不消、纳食不佳；而柽柳又能祛风除湿止痒，也可用治风疹瘙痒、风湿痹痛等。
Coriander and Tamarix: Both are pungent and warm exterior-releasing herbs that promote sweating and eruption of rashes, used for poor rash eruption. The difference is that coriander also has aromatic properties that stimulate appetite and improve digestion, while Tamarix additionally dispels wind, removes dampness, relieves itching, and treats rheumatic pain.

相关药品 Related Medications

小儿疏表丸、儿童回春颗粒、五粒回春丸、小儿羚羊散。
Xiao'er Shubiao Pill, Children's Rejuvenation Granules, Wuli Rejuvenation Pill, Xiao'er Lingyang Powder.

相关方剂 Related Formulas

竹叶柳蒡汤（《医学广笔记》）。
Bamboo Leaf and Willow Twig Decoction (from "Medical Broad Notes").

附注 Notes

多枝柽柳Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.分布于内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆等地，在产地也作柽柳使用。
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. is distributed in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and other regions, and is locally used as Tamarix.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：4-8月采收，晒干。
Harvest from April to August and sun-dry.

炮制方法：取原药材，除去杂质及老枝，洗净，稍润，切段，干燥，筛去灰屑。
Processing method: Collect the raw herb, remove impurities and old branches, wash, slightly moisten, cut into segments, dry, and sift off dust.

保存方法 Storage Method

贮干燥容器内，置通风干燥处。
Store in a dry container in a well-ventilated, dry place.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Material

嫩枝（直径0.8mm）横切面：表皮细胞1列，外被角质层。皮层为6-10列薄壁细胞组成，靠外侧3-4列细胞内含叶绿体，其中最外1列细胞常径向较长而为栅栏组织状。维管束断续环列。韧皮部外侧具帽状韧皮纤维束，纤维木化。形成层明显。髓部细胞钝多角形或类圆形，壁薄，常木化。髓射线细胞钝多角形或类圆形，壁薄，亦常木化。
Transverse section of tender branch (diameter 0.8mm): Epidermal cells form a single layer with an outer cuticle. Cortex consists of 6–10 layers of thin-walled cells; the outer 3–4 layers contain chloroplasts, with the outermost layer often radially elongated resembling palisade tissue. Vascular bundles arranged in discontinuous rings. Phloem fibers cap the phloem region and are lignified. Cambium distinct. Pith cells are bluntly polygonal or roundish, thin-walled, often lignified. Medullary ray cells similar in shape and wall characteristics.

药材性状 Macroscopic Characteristics

枝细圆柱形，直径0.5-1.5mm，表面黄绿色，节较密，叶鳞片状。钻形或卵状披针形，长1-3mm，背面有龙骨状脊。质脆，易折断，断面黄白色，中心有髓。气微，味淡。
Branches slender, cylindrical, 0.5–1.5mm in diameter, surface yellow-green with dense nodes. Leaves scale-like, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–3mm long, with a keel on the back. Brittle, easily broken, cross-section yellowish-white with central pith. Slight odor, bland taste.

饮片性状 Characteristics of Processed Slices

本品为枝、叶混合，呈段状。嫩枝呈细圆柱状，表面灰绿色，有多数小叶着生，小叶鳞片状，常脱落，质脆。切断面黄白色，中心有髓。气微弱，味淡。
This product is a mixture of branches and leaves, cut into segments. Young twigs are slender and cylindrical, gray-green in color, bearing numerous small scale-like leaves, which are often shed. Brittle texture. Cross-section yellowish-white with central pith. Faint odor, mild taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：柽柳科柽柳属植物柽柳。
Plant species: Tamarix chinensis Lour., belonging to the family Tamaricaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

灌木或小乔木，高3-6m。幼枝柔弱，开展而下垂，红紫色或暗紫色。叶鳞片状，钻形或卵状披针形，长1-3mm，半贴生，背面有龙骨状脊。每年开花2-3次；春季在去年生小枝上侧生总状花序，花稍大而稀疏；夏、秋季在当年生幼枝顶端形成总状花序组成顶生大型圆锥花序，常下弯，花略小而密生，每朵花具1线状钻形的绿色小苞片；花5数，粉红色；萼片卵形；花瓣椭圆状倒卵形，长约2mm；雄蕊着生于花盘裂片之间，长于花瓣；子房圆锥状瓶形，花柱3，棍棒状。蒴果长约3.5mm，3瓣裂。花期4-9月，果期6-10月。
Shrub or small tree, 3–6m tall. Young branches weak, spreading and drooping, reddish-purple or dark purple. Leaves scale-like, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–3mm long, semi-appressed, with a keel on the back. Flowers 2–3 times annually: in spring, lateral racemes on previous year’s branches with larger, sparse flowers; in summer and autumn, terminal panicles formed from racemes on current year’s shoots, often drooping, with smaller, densely packed flowers, each with a linear-lanceolate green bract. Flowers pentamerous, pink; sepals ovate; petals obovate-elliptic, ~2mm long; stamens inserted between lobes of floral disc, longer than petals; ovary conical-bottle-shaped, stigma 3, clavate. Capsule ~3.5mm long, dehiscing into 3 valves. Flowering from April to September, fruiting from June to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

野生于河北、辽宁、江苏、安徽、山东、河南等地；我国东部至西南部各地有栽培。
Wild in Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, and other provinces; cultivated throughout eastern to southwestern China.

道地产区 Authentic Production Areas

全国各地均有分布，野生或栽培。
Distributed throughout China, both wild and cultivated.

生长环境 Growing Environment

喜生于河流冲积地、海滨、滩头，潮湿盐碱地和沙荒地。
Prefers river alluvial plains, coastal beaches, wet saline-alkali soils, and sandy wastelands.

生长习性 Growth Habits

适应性强，对气候土壤要求不严，耐碱，耐旱。在粘壤土、砂质壤土及河边冲积土中均可生长。
Strong adaptability, not demanding in climate or soil, resistant to alkali and drought. Can grow in clay loam, sandy loam, and river alluvial soil.

繁殖方式 Propagation Method

用种子或扦插育苗繁殖。
Propagated by seed or cuttings.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

1、种子繁殖：3-4月播种育苗，行距15-18cm，开沟条播，覆土约1cm，苗高15cm时，按株距12cm间苗。春秋季时按行株距（1-2）m×1m，穴深1m移栽，栽后浇水。

1. Seed propagation: Sow from March to April, row spacing 15–18cm, furrow sowing, cover with ~1cm soil. Thin seedlings to 12cm spacing when 15cm tall. Transplant in spring or autumn at (1–2)m × 1m spacing, planting holes 1m deep, water after planting.

2、扦插育苗繁殖：在早春未发芽前，选2-3年生枝，剪成17-20cm长的插条。畦面按行距33cm开深15cm的横沟，再按株距10cm把插条插入沟中，上端露出3cm左右，覆土压实，保持土壤湿润并适当追肥。2年后移栽，宜在早春发芽前进行，按行株距1m×1m开穴，每穴栽种1株，成活后浇入畜粪水。
2. Cutting propagation: Before bud break in early spring, select 2–3 year-old branches, cut into 17–20cm cuttings. On beds, make 15cm-deep transverse furrows 33cm apart, insert cuttings 10cm apart, leaving ~3cm exposed. Cover, press soil, keep moist, and fertilize appropriately. Transplant after 2 years before spring sprouting, at 1m × 1m spacing, one plant per hole, then apply manure solution after establishment.

病虫防治 Pest and Disease Control

虫害有蓑衣虫、蚜虫等。
Pests include bagworms and aphids.