苦菜花子，中药名。为菊科植物苦苣菜SonchusoleraceusL.的花及种子。分布于全国各地。具有补心安神，益肝除黄之功效。常用于心神不宁，心慌气短，夜寐不佳，急性黄疸型肝炎。
Ku-cai-hua-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the flowers and seeds of Sonchus oleraceus L., a plant of the Asteraceae family, distributed throughout the country. It is believed to have the effects of nourishing the heart, calming the mind, benefiting the liver, and removing jaundice. It is commonly used for restlessness, palpitations, shortness of breath, poor sleep at night, and acute icteric hepatitis.

功效作用 功能
The efficacy and functions

补心安神，益肝除黄。主治
Tonify the heart and calm the mind, nourish the liver and eliminate jaundice. Used to treat...

心神不宁，心慌气短，夜寐不佳，急性黄疸型肝炎。用法用量
Restless mind, palpitations, shortness of breath, poor sleep at night, acute jaundice hepatitis. Dosage and administration.

内服：3-6g，研末煎服。相关论述
Oral administration: 3-6g, ground into powder and taken with decoction. Relevant discussions.

《本草衍义》：“花：去中热，安心神。”临床应用 相关配伍
"Compendium of Materia Medica": "Flowers: Clear internal heat, calm the mind and spirit." Clinical application and related compatibility.

治黄疸：苦菜花及种子7克研末，水煎服。（《中国花膳与花疗》）植物学信息 植物种属
Treatment for jaundice: Grind 7 grams of bitter vegetable flowers and seeds into powder, then decoct in water and take orally. (From "Chinese Flower Diet and Flower Therapy") Botanical information: Plant species.

菊科植物苦苣菜。形态特征
Chrysanthemum belongs to the family of bitter lettuce. Its morphological characteristics include...

一年生或二年生草本。根圆锥状，垂直直伸，有多数纤维状的须根。茎直立，单生，高40-150厘米，有纵条棱或条纹，不分枝或上部有短的伞房花序状或总状花序式分枝，全部茎枝光滑无毛，或上部花序分枝及花序梗被头状具柄的腺毛。基生叶羽状深裂，全形长椭圆形或倒披针形，或大头羽状深裂，全形倒披针形，或基生叶不裂，椭圆形、椭圆状戟形、三角形、或三角状戟形或圆形，全部基生叶基部渐狭成长或短翼柄；中下部茎叶羽状深裂或大头状羽状深裂，全形椭圆形或倒披针形，长3-12厘米，宽2-7厘米，基部急狭成翼柄，翼狭窄或宽大，向柄基且逐渐加宽，柄基圆耳状抱茎，顶裂片与侧裂片等大或较大或大，宽三角形、戟状宽三角形、卵状心形，侧生裂片1-5对，椭圆形，常下弯，全部裂片顶端急尖或渐尖，下部茎叶或接花序分枝下方的叶与中下部茎叶同型并等样分裂或不分裂而披针形或线状披针形，且顶端长渐尖，下部宽大，基部半抱茎；全部叶或裂片边缘及抱茎小耳边缘有大小不等的急尖锯齿或大锯齿或上部及接花序分枝处的叶，边缘大部全缘或上半部边缘全缘，顶端急尖或渐尖，两面光滑毛，质地薄。头状花序少数在茎枝顶端排紧密的伞房花序或总状花序或单生茎枝顶端。总苞宽钟状，长1.5厘米，宽1厘米；总苞片3-4层，覆瓦状排列，向内层渐长；外层长披针形或长三角形，长3-7毫米，宽1-3毫米，中内层长披针形至线状披针形，长8-11毫米，宽1-2毫米；全部总苞片顶端长急尖，外面无毛或外层或中内层上部沿中脉有少数头状具柄的腺毛。舌状小花多数，黄色。瘦果褐色，长椭圆形或长椭圆状倒披针形，长3毫米，宽不足1毫米，压扁，每面各有3条细脉，肋间有横皱纹，顶端狭，无喙，冠毛白色，长7毫米，单毛状，彼此纠缠。花果期5-12月。分布区域
This is a description of a plant in Chinese. Here is the English translation:It is an annual or biennial herb. The root is conical, vertically extending, with numerous fibrous roots. The stem is erect, solitary, 40-150 cm tall, with longitudinal ridges or stripes, unbranched or with short umbel-like or corymbose cymose branching in the upper part, all stem branches are smooth and hairless, or the upper part of the inflorescence branches and peduncles are glandular-hairy with capitate stalks. The basal leaves are pinnately deeply lobed, entire lanceolate or inverted-lanceolate, or pinnately deeply lobed, entire inverted-lanceolate, or unlobed, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, triangular, or triangular-lanceolate or circular, all basal leaves gradually narrowing or short-winged; the middle and lower stem leaves are pinnately deeply lobed or pinnately deeply lobed, entire elliptic or inverted-lanceolate, 3-12 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, abruptly narrowed at the base into a winged petiole, the wings are narrow or broad, gradually widening towards the base, the petiole base clasping the stem with rounded auricles, the terminal lobe and lateral lobes are equal or larger, broadly triangular, lanceolate-triangular, ovate-cordate, 1-5 pairs of lateral lobes, elliptic, often downward, all lobes with acute or gradually acute tips, the lower stem leaves or the leaves below the inflorescence branches are similar to the middle and lower stem leaves and are equally lobed or unlobed, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with long gradually acute tips at the apex, broad at the base, and semi-clasping the stem; all leaves or lobes have irregularly acute serrations or large serrations on the margins or on the margins of the small auricles, or the leaves at the upper part and the inflorescence branches have mostly entire margins or entire margins in the upper half, with acute or gradually acute tips at the apex, smooth and hairy on both sides, thin texture. The capitulum has a few umbel-like or corymbose or solitary inflorescences at the top of the stem or solitary at the top of the stem. The involucre is broadly campanulate, 1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide; the involucral bracts are 3-4 layers, imbricate, gradually longer towards the inner layers; the outer layer is long lanceolate or long triangular, 3-7 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, the middle and inner layers are long lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 8-11 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; all involucral bracts have long acute tips at the apex, hairless on the outside or with a few capitate glandular hairs along the midvein on the upper part of the outer or middle inner layers. The ligulate florets are numerous, yellow. The achene is brown, long elliptic or long elliptic-inverted-lanceolate, 3 mm long, less than 1 mm wide, compressed, with 3 fine veins on each side, transversely wrinkled between the ribs, narrow at the apex, without a beak, the pappus is white, 7 mm long, single hair-like, entangled with each other. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to December. Distribution area.

全国各地。生长环境
All over the country. Growing environment

生于田边、山野、路旁。
Born in the fields, mountains, and by the roadside.