松鼠，中药材名。为松鼠科动物松鼠SciurusvulgarisLinnaeus除去内脏的全体。具有理气调经，杀虫消积的功效。主治妇女月经不调，痛经，肺结核，胸膜炎，疳积，痔瘘。
Song-shu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Squirrel). The whole body of the squirrel, a member of the Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus family, excluding the viscera. It has the effects of regulating qi, regulating menstruation, killing parasites, and resolving food stagnation. It is mainly used to treat women's irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, pulmonary tuberculosis, pleurisy, malnutrition, and hemorrhoids.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

理气调经，杀虫消积。
Regulating qi and adjusting menstruation, killing parasites and resolving accumulation.

主治 Indications

妇女月经不调，痛经，肺结核，胸膜炎，疳积，痔瘘。
Irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, pulmonary tuberculosis, pleurisy, malnutrition, and hemorrhoids.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：焙焦研末，5-10g。外用：适量，焙焦研末，撒布。
Internal use: 5-10g of charred and ground powder. External use: apply an appropriate amount of charred and ground powder.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《医林纂要·药性》：“杀疳，治瘘，消瓜果积。”
"Yi Lin Zuan Yao: Pharmacological Properties": "Kills parasites, treats fistulas, and resolves accumulation caused by melons and fruits."

《中国动物药》：“理气调经。治肺结核，肋膜炎，月经不调，痔疮等。”
"Chinese Animal Medicine": "Regulates qi and menstruation. Treats pulmonary tuberculosis, pleurisy, irregular menstruation, and hemorrhoids."

《常见药用动物》：“有理气，调经，消积，止痛的功能。”
"Commonly Used Medicinal Animals": "Has the functions of regulating qi, menstruation, resolving accumulation, and relieving pain."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治月经不调：松鼠1只，烧黑研末。每服5g，日服2次。（《中国动物药》）
Treatment for irregular menstruation: Take one squirrel, burn it to black, and grind it into powder. Take 5g per dose, twice a day. (From "Chinese Animal Medicine")

治肺结核，肋膜炎：松鼠，烧黑，研末。每日2-9g，3次分服。
Treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and pleurisy: Take a squirrel, burn it to black, and grind it into powder. Take 2-9g daily, divided into 3 doses.

治痔疾：松鼠烧黑，研细粉。撒布之。（2-3方出自《动植物民间药》）
Treatment for hemorrhoids: Burn a squirrel to black, and grind it into fine powder. Apply the powder. (The second and third prescriptions are from "Folk Medicine of Animals and Plants")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可猎捕，捕后杀死，除去内脏，阴干。
It can be hunted and killed throughout the year, and after capture, the internal organs are removed and it is air-dried.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：松鼠科松鼠属松鼠。
The squirrel belongs to the genus Sciurus, family Sciuridae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

为树栖啮齿动物，身体细长，体长18-26cm，尾长而大，超过体长之半。前肢较后肢短。前足掌裸露，掌垫2，指垫3。后足跖被毛，有4指垫，无跖垫。4足具钩状爪。全身为褐灰色，腹毛全白，尾呈棕黑色，耳郭灰黑色。个体毛色差异较大，有青灰色、灰色、深灰褐色、黑褐色等。
It is an arboreal rodent with a slender body, 18-26cm in length, and a long, large tail exceeding half the body length. The forelimbs are shorter than the hind limbs. The soles of the forefeet are bare, with 2 palm pads and 3 finger pads. The hind feet are hairy, with 4 toe pads and no metatarsal pads. All four feet have hook-shaped claws. The body is brownish-gray, the belly fur is white, the tail is brown-black, and the ears are gray-black. Individual fur color varies greatly, including blue-gray, gray, dark gray-brown, and black-brown.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北大小兴安岭、长白山及河北、山西、新疆北部阿尔泰山、河南等地。
Distributed in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains in the northeast, Changbai Mountain, Hebei, Shanxi, northern Xinjiang Altai Mountains, Henan, and other areas.

生长环境 Growing Environment

栖息于针叶林或针阔叶混交林中，居树洞中或筑巢于树枝间。食松子和其他核果、蘑菇及嫩枝、嫩芽等。
It inhabits coniferous forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, living in tree holes or building nests among the branches. It feeds on pine nuts, other nuts, mushrooms, tender branches, and buds.