熊骨，中药材名。为熊科动物黑熊SelenarctosthibetanusG.Cuvier和棕熊UrsusarctosLinnaeus的骨骼。具有祛风，除湿，定惊的功效。主治风湿骨节肿痛，小儿惊风。
Xiong-gu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Bear bone) refers to the bones of the bear species including the Asiatic black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. Cuvier) and the brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus). It is believed to have the effects of dispelling wind, removing dampness, and calming convulsions. It is commonly used to treat rheumatic joint pain and childhood convulsions.

功效作用 功能
The efficacy and functions.

祛风，除湿，定惊。主治
Dispel wind, eliminate dampness, and calm the mind. Used to treat...

风湿骨节肿痛，小儿惊风。用法用量
Rheumatic joint pain and swelling, pediatric convulsions. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，15-30g；或浸酒。外用：适量，煎汤洗。用时捣碎。相关论述
Internal use: decoction, 15-30g; or soak in alcohol. External use: appropriate amount, decoct and wash. Crush before use. Relevant discussion.

1、《食疗本草》：“煮汤浴之，主历节风，亦主小儿客忤。”2、《四川中药志》1960年版：“能除风湿，治风湿病，骨节作痛。”加工炮制 炮制方法

1. "Compendium of Diet Therapy and Materia Medica": "Boiling and bathing with it can treat wind-cold invasion and also infantile indigestion."2. "Sichuan Materia Medica": "It can dispel dampness and treat rheumatic diseases, as well as alleviate joint pain." Processing method: processing and preparation

1、熊骨：取原药材，用清水浸1-2星期，刮去筋肉，洗净，阴干。2、烫熊骨：取沙油置锅内，用武火炒烫后，放入净熊骨，不断翻动，炒至表面呈黄色时取出，放凉。3、酒酥熊骨：取沙炒熊骨，趁热投入定量酒中，洗去砂子，取出，干燥。每净熊骨100kg，用酒20kg。保存方法

1. Bear bone: Take the original medicinal material, soak it in clear water for 1-2 weeks, scrape off the tendons and muscles, wash it clean, and air dry.2. Blanched bear bone: Place sand oil in a pot, stir-fry and blanch over high heat, then add the cleaned bear bone, constantly turning until the surface turns yellow, then remove and let it cool.3. Wine-soaked bear bone: Take the blanched bear bone, while hot, put it into a specific amount of wine, wash off the sand, remove and dry. For every 100kg of cleaned bear bone, use 20kg of wine. Storage method.

贮干燥容器内，置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。药材鉴别 药材性状
Store in a dry container, keep in a cool and dry place, and prevent moth. Identification of medicinal materials and their properties.

一般多用四肢骨。前肢肱骨骨体稍扭曲，长33-34cm，直径（中段）约3cm。表面淡黄白色，稍粗糙而显油性。中段以上有喙粗隆3条，下端较宽，呈滑车状，下端靠近骨环处无小孔（即无“凤眼”）。质坚硬而较重，断面呈不规则圆棱形，密质骨厚2-5mm，圆形骨髓腔直径约占骨断面2/5，髓呈网织蜂窝状，黄棕色，具特殊熊腥气。后肢股骨骨体弯曲，长35-40cm，直径3-4cm，上端内侧突出的半球形为“股骨头”，与骨体约成110°的角，球面光滑有一较深窝，股骨头高于对侧隆起的大转子；下端前面有一宽而浅的胫窝，后侧有一近菱形的凹槽。横断面类圆形，黄白色，稍粗糙，密质骨厚6-9cm，骨髓腔直径约17mm，占断面的1/2。骨髓网纹不明显，棕黄色，腥气浓。后肢胫骨扁圆形，有纵棱。膝盖骨长圆形，带有舌状筋。前后肢掌部宽大，均具5爪，爪黑色，留下的皮毛呈黑色或棕色。头骨吻长而尖，鼻骨短；额骨前部较宽，后部较窄，左右额部连接部分向下凹陷，顶部较宽，矢状脊短而不显著。齿褐色，上额骨有门齿3对，犬齿1对，臼齿7对，上颚后臼齿形大，约为宽的2倍。肋骨扁形。动物学信息 动物属种
Generally, the limbs are mostly used. The humerus of the forelimb is slightly twisted, with a length of 33-34cm and a diameter (midsection) of about 3cm. The surface is pale yellow-white, slightly rough and oily. There are three rough ridges above the midsection, the lower end is wider and shaped like a pulley, and there are no small holes near the bone ring (i.e. no "fenestra"). It is hard and relatively heavy, with an irregularly round-edged cross-section, a cortical bone thickness of 2-5mm, and the diameter of the round bone marrow cavity occupying about 2/5 of the bone cross-section. The marrow is reticular and honeycomb-shaped, yellow-brown, and has a distinctive musky odor. The femur of the hind limb is curved, with a length of 35-40cm and a diameter of 3-4cm. The inner protrusion at the upper end forms a "femoral head," which forms an angle of about 110° with the body. The surface is smooth with a deep socket, and the femoral head is higher than the prominent greater trochanter on the opposite side. The cross-section is roughly circular, yellow-white, slightly rough, with a cortical bone thickness of 6-9cm, and a marrow cavity diameter of about 17mm, occupying 1/2 of the cross-section. The marrow reticulum is not obvious, brown-yellow, and has a strong musky odor. The tibia of the hind limb is flat and round, with longitudinal ridges. The patella is oval, with a ligamentous tongue. The palm of the fore and hind limbs is large, each with 5 claws, black in color, and the fur left behind is black or brown. The skull has a long and pointed snout, with a short nasal bone; the frontal bone is wider in the front and narrower in the back, with the connecting parts of the left and right frontal bones being concave downwards, and the top is wide, with a short and inconspicuous sagittal crest. The teeth are brown, with 3 pairs of incisors, 1 pair of canines, and 7 pairs of molars on the upper frontal bone, with the posterior molars being large, about twice as wide as the anterior molars. The ribs are flat. Zoological information: animal species.

熊科动物黑熊和棕熊。形态特征
Animals in the bear family include the black bear and the brown bear. Here are their physical characteristics.

1、黑熊：体形较大，长1.5-1.7m，体重约150kg。头部宽圆。吻部短而尖；鼻端裸露，眼小；耳较长且被有长毛，伸出头顶两侧。颈部短粗，两侧毛特别长。胸部有一倒人字形白斑。尾很短。毛较一致，漆黑色，有光泽。四肢粗健，前后足均具5趾，前足腕垫宽大与掌垫相连，后足跖垫亦宽大且肥厚，前宽后窄，内侧中部无毛间隔。具爪。除其鼻面部棕色、下颌白色、倒人字白斑外，全身均为黑色并带有光泽。2、棕熊：体形较大，长约2m，重200-300kg。头阔而圆，吻部较长，鼻也较阔，其端裸出，略侧扇。耳小，能动，内外被毛。肩端隆起，腰粗壮，尾短。四胶粗壮，前后足均具5趾，前足的爪长于后足。爪侧扁而弯曲，呈暗褐色。全身为黑棕色，或近黑色以至很淡的银灰色、棕黄色或棕红色。成体胸部无白色斑纹。分布区域

1. Black bear: It has a large body, measuring 1.5-1.7m in length and weighing about 150kg. The head is wide and round, with a short and pointed snout; the nose is bare, the eyes are small, and the ears are relatively long and covered with long hair, extending out on both sides of the head. The neck is short and thick, with particularly long hair on both sides. There is a white spot in the shape of an inverted "人" character on the chest. The tail is very short. The fur is uniform, jet black, and glossy. The limbs are sturdy, with 5 toes on both the front and hind feet; the pads on the front feet are large and connected to the palm pads, while the pads on the hind feet are also large and thick, wider in the front and narrower in the back, with a hairless gap in the middle of the inner side. It has claws. Apart from the brown color on its nose and face, white on the chin, and the inverted "人" character white spot, the entire body is black and glossy.2. Brown bear: It has a large body, measuring about 2m in length and weighing 200-300kg. The head is broad and round, with a relatively long snout and a broad nose, which is bare at the tip and slightly flared to the side. The ears are small, movable, and covered with hair both inside and out. The shoulders are humped, the waist is thick, and the tail is short. The limbs are sturdy, with 5 toes on both the front and hind feet; the claws on the front feet are longer than those on the hind feet. The claws are flat and curved on the sides, and are a dark brown color. The entire body is black-brown, or nearly black, even very light silver-gray, brown-yellow, or brown-red. Adult individuals have no white markings on the chest. Distribution area.

1、黑熊：分布极广泛，东北、华北、西南、华南及陕西、甘肃、青海、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、西藏等地均有分布。2、棕熊：分布于东北及甘肃、青海、新疆、四川、贵州、西藏等地。道地产区

1. Black bear: Widely distributed in Northeast China, North China, Southwest China, South China, as well as in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, and Tibet.2. Brown bear: Distributed in Northeast China, as well as in Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, and other areas. Indigenous habitats.

主产于黑龙江、吉林、云南、四川等地。自产自销。人工制造
Mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Yunnan, Sichuan and other regions. Self-produced and self-sold. Artificially manufactured.

1、生活习性：熊为森林中的大型动物，性孤癖不成群，常单独在森林中栖息和活动。昼行性，善于游泳、爬树，能直立行走，属于半冬眠动物，遇到干扰时可立即解除冬睡而外出活动。杂食性，主要以植物嫩芽、嫩草及各种野果为食，尤喜食蜂蜜。熊的视觉较差，但嗅觉和听觉发达，从体型上看，寒冷地区的熊体型大，皮脂肥厚，热带地区的熊体型小。2、养殖技术：熊是季节性发情的动物，每年5-8月为发情交配季节。妊娠期约210-220d，一般在12月末至翌年2月间产仔。每胎产1-3仔。雌熊性成熟年龄为3-3.5岁，雄熊为4岁左右。当前，养熊方式有笼养、圈养、室养等。成年熊类多为单养，幼年熊类可以集体饲养。我国养熊业历史悠久，特别对熊的驯化更积累了丰富的经验。在繁殖技术上，使熊不但可在人工饲养条件下，通过自然交配而获得后代，还可通过人工授精繁殖后裔。3、饲养管理：我国的养熊业基本上可分为控制饲养和驯化放牧两种类型。控制饲养包括笼养、圈养和室养等，全部靠人工饲喂，限制在一定范围内活动，用于活取胆汁的熊皆为此种方式。驯化放牧则用于幼熊生长发育时期或大群饲养以获取更多的产品时，要求有广大的牧场以供熊群运动、采食、饮水等，也需人工供给一定量的饲料，一般以玉米粉、豆饼粉、麦麸、高梁粉等作为精料，经熟制后投喂，并适当搭配动物性饲料、青绿多汁饲料、矿物质和多种维生素。

1. Behavior: Bears are large animals in the forest, solitary in nature, often living and moving alone in the forest. They are diurnal, good at swimming and climbing trees, and can walk upright. They are semi-hibernating animals and can immediately end hibernation and go out to be active when disturbed. They are omnivorous, mainly feeding on plant buds, tender grass, and various wild fruits, especially fond of honey. Bears have poor vision but well-developed sense of smell and hearing. In cold regions, bears are larger in size with thick fat, while in tropical regions, bears are smaller in size.2. Breeding techniques: Bears are seasonal breeders, with the mating season from May to August each year. The gestation period is about 210-220 days, and cubs are usually born from late December to February of the following year. Each litter produces 1-3 cubs. Female bears reach sexual maturity at 3-3.5 years old, while male bears reach maturity at around 4 years old. Currently, bear farming methods include caged farming, fenced farming, and indoor farming. Adult bears are mostly raised individually, while young bears can be raised in groups. China has a long history of bear farming, especially in the domestication of bears, accumulating rich experience. In terms of breeding techniques, bears can not only reproduce offspring through natural mating under artificial feeding conditions but also through artificial insemination.3. Feeding management: Bear farming in China can be basically divided into controlled farming and domesticated grazing. Controlled farming includes caged farming, fenced farming, and indoor farming, all relying on artificial feeding and restricting activities within a certain range. This method is used for bears raised for bile extraction. Domesticated grazing is used for the growth and development of young bears or for large-scale farming to obtain more products. It requires a large pasture for bear groups to move, feed, and drink, as well as artificial supply of a certain amount of feed. Generally, cornmeal, soybean meal, bran, sorghum flour, etc., are used as concentrated feed, which is fed after being processed, and supplemented with animal feed, green and juicy feed, minerals, and various vitamins as appropriate.