鹿尾，中药材名。为鹿科动物梅花鹿CervusnipponTemminck或马鹿CervuselaphusLinnaeus的尾巴。具有补肾阳，益精气的功效。主治肾虚遗精，腰脊疼痛，头昏耳鸣。
Lu-wei, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. efers to the tail of the sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) or the elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus). It is believed to have the effects of tonifying the kidney yang and nourishing the essence and qi. It is mainly used to treat kidney deficiency with spermatorrhea, lumbago, and dizziness with tinnitus.

功效作用 功能
The efficacy and functions.

补肾阳，益精气的。主治
Tonify kidney yang and nourish essence and qi. Used to treat...

肾虚遗精，腰脊疼痛，头昏耳鸣。用法用量
Kidney deficiency leading to spermatorrhea, lower back pain, dizziness, and tinnitus. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，6-15g；或入丸剂。注意事项
Internal administration: Decoction, 6-15g; or in pill form. Precautions.

阳盛有热者禁服。药理作用
Excessive yang and heat should avoid taking this medicine. What are its pharmacological effects?

对生殖系统的作用：公鹿尾粉剂给大鼠灌胃，增加雄性大鼠睾丸、前列腺、贮精囊、提肛肌海绵球肌的重量，也增加雌鼠子宫和卵巢的重量。相关论述
The effects on the reproductive system: The oral administration of deer antler powder to rats increases the weight of the testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, and levator ani muscle in male rats, as well as the weight of the uterus and ovaries in female rats. This is supported by relevant literature.

1、《四川中药志》1979年版：“壮阳生精，暖腰膝。用于肾虚腰脊疼痛，屈伸不利，遗精及头昏耳鸣。”2、《内蒙古药用动物》：“主治滑精。”3、《中国动物药》：“治肾虚遗精，腰膝酸痛。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Sichuan Materia Medica" 1979 edition: "Tonifies yang, nourishes essence, warms the waist and knees. Used for kidney deficiency with aching and weakness in the waist and back, inflexible bending and stretching, spermatorrhea, dizziness, and tinnitus."2. "Medicinal Animals in Inner Mongolia": "Mainly used to treat spermatorrhea."3. "Chinese Animal Medicine": "Treats kidney deficiency with spermatorrhea, and soreness and pain in the waist and knees." Clinical application and related compatibility.

治肾虚腰脊疼痛，遗精及头昏耳鸣：鹿尾、杜仲、补骨脂、枸杞、菟丝子、黄芪、党参、白术、牛膝、狗脊各等量。为丸。每服5-10g，每日2次。（《四川中药志》1979年）加工炮制 采收加工
Treatment for kidney deficiency, lower back pain, spermatorrhea, dizziness, and tinnitus: Luwei, Duzhong, Buguzhi, Gouqizi, Huangqi, Dangshen, Baizhu, Niuxi, and Gouji, all in equal amounts. Form into pills. Take 5-10g per dose, twice daily. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1979) Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

商品分为“毛鹿尾”和“光鹿尾”，宰鹿后，将鹿尾在荐椎与尾椎相接处割下，洗净，在通风处挂起，阴干，称为“毛鹿尾”；或将割下的新鲜带毛鹿尾用湿布或湿麻袋片包上，放在20℃左右温度下闷2-3d，然后取出拔掉长毛，放凉水中浸泡片刻，取出，刮净绒毛和表皮，去掉尾根残肉和多余的尾骨，用线绳缝合尾根及断离的皮肤，将尾拉直，挂通风处，阴干，称为“光鹿尾”。炮制方法
The product is divided into "hairy deer tail" and "bare deer tail". After slaughtering the deer, the tail is cut off at the junction of the sacrum and coccyx, washed, hung in a ventilated place, and air-dried, which is called "hairy deer tail"; or the freshly cut hairy deer tail is wrapped in a wet cloth or wet hemp bag, placed in a temperature of about 20°C for 2-3 days, then taken out to remove the long hair, soaked in cold water for a moment, removed, scraped off the fur and skin, removed the remaining meat and excess tail bones, sewed the tail root and detached skin with a string, straightened the tail, hung in a ventilated place, and air-dried, which is called "bare deer tail". Processing method.

1、鹿尾：取带毛鹿尾，用火燎去毛茸刷洗干净，切成小碎块，干燥。2、酒鹿尾：取光鹿尾小碎块用黄酒拌匀，闷润，置笼屉内，加热蒸透，取出，干燥。每净鹿尾块100kg，用黄酒20kg。保存方法

1. Luwei (Deer Tail): Take a deer tail with fur, use fire to burn off the fur, brush and wash it clean, then cut it into small pieces and dry it.2. Wine-infused Deer Tail: Take the small pieces of deer tail without fur, mix them evenly with yellow wine, let it soak, place it in a steaming basket, heat and steam it until thoroughly cooked, then remove and dry it. For every 100kg of clean deer tail pieces, use 20kg of yellow wine. Storage method.

贮干燥容器内，密闭，置阴凉干燥处，防虫蛀。药材鉴别 药材性状
Store the dried herbs in a sealed container in a cool, dry place to prevent insect damage. Identify and characterize the properties of the herbs.

1、马鹿尾：呈钝圆形似猪舌状。雌鹿尾体形粗短，尾头较钝圆；雄鹿尾体形较细长，尾头较尖。毛马鹿尾长15-20cm，基部稍扁宽，割断面不平整，背面有棕黄色长毛，杂夹少许白毛；腹面为淡黄色短毛，具尾骨。光马鹿尾较短，长13-15cm，基部稍扁宽，割断面通常缝合，边缘肥厚，背面隆起，腹面凹陷。表面紫红色至紫黑色，光滑，油润，有光泽，可见凹点状微细毛孔及少许茸毛，间有纵沟。质坚硬，断面肉厚。气微，味咸。2、梅花鹿：较马鹿尾狭长而薄小。带毛者多数具有背线延续的黑线，黑线逐渐变宽至3.5-4.5cm；尾的边缘有白色长毛；腹面有稀疏的白毛，露肤。少数鹿尾不具黑线。不带毛者稍短。基部略扁宽，割断面缝合，尾尖略向下弯，呈紫红色或紫黑色，表面光滑，油润，有光泽，可见凹点状微细毛孔及少许茸毛，具纵向皱沟。质坚硬，气腥，味咸。一般以马鹿尾为好。梅花鹿尾瘦小，甚少采用。以身干，无霉烂腐臭、无虫蛀者为合格；以肥短粗壮者为佳。动物学信息 动物属种

1. Deer Tail: It is blunt and round, resembling a pig's tongue. The female deer tail is thick and short, with a blunt and round tip; the male deer tail is slender and long, with a pointed tip. The hair of a female deer tail is 15-20cm long, slightly flattened and wide at the base, with an uneven cut surface. The back has long brownish-yellow hair with a few white hairs mixed in, while the belly has light yellow short hair and a tail bone. The hair of a male deer tail is shorter, about 13-15cm long, slightly flattened and wide at the base, with a usually stitched cut surface, thickened edges, a raised back, and a concave belly. The surface is purplish-red to purple-black, smooth, oily, and glossy, with visible small pore-like depressions and a few fine hairs, along with longitudinal grooves. It is hard in texture with a thick cross-section. It has a faint odor and a salty taste.2. Sika Deer Tail: It is narrower and thinner compared to a deer tail. Most tails with hair have a black line continuing from the back, gradually widening to 3.5-4.5cm. The edges of the tail have long white hairs, and the belly has sparse white hairs exposed. A few deer tails do not have a black line. Tails without hair are slightly shorter. The base is slightly flattened and wide, with a stitched cut surface, and the tip of the tail is slightly bent downward. It is purplish-red or purple-black in color, with a smooth, oily, and glossy surface, visible small pore-like depressions and a few fine hairs, and longitudinal wrinkles. It is hard in texture, has a fishy odor, and a salty taste. Generally, deer tails are preferred over sika deer tails. Sika deer tails are thin and small, and are rarely used. The qualified ones are dry, without moldy, rotten, or insect-infested parts, and the best ones are fat, short, and sturdy. Zoological information: animal species.

鹿科动物梅花鹿或马鹿。形态特征
The sika deer or elk, a member of the deer family, has the following morphological characteristics:

1、梅花鹿：梅花鹿体长1.5m左右，体重100kg左右。眶下腺明显，耳大直立，颈细长。四肢细长，后肢外侧踝关节下有褐色蹠腺，主蹄狭小，侧蹄小。臀部有明显的白色臀斑，尾短。雄鹿有分叉的角，长全时有4-5叉，眉叉斜向前伸，第二枝与眉叉较远，主干末端再分两小枝。梅花鹿冬毛栗棕色，白色斑点不显。鼻面及颊部毛短，毛尖沙黄色。从头顶起沿脊椎到尾部有一深棕色的背线。白色臀斑有深棕色边缘。腹毛淡棕，鼠蹊部白色。四肢外侧同体色，内侧色稍淡。夏毛薄，无绒毛，红棕色，白斑显著，在脊背两旁及体侧下缘排列成纵行，有黑色的背中线。腹面白色，尾背面黑色，四肢色较体色为浅。2、马鹿：体形较大，体长2m，体重超过200kg。肩高约1m，背平直，肩部与臀部高度相等。鼻端裸露，耳大呈圆锥形。颈长约占体长1/3，颈下被毛较长。四肢长，两侧蹄较长，能触及地面。尾短。雄性有角，眉叉向前伸，几与主干成直角，主干稍向后略向内弯，角面除尖端外均较粗糙，角基有一小圈瘤状突。冬毛灰褐色。嘴、下颌深棕色，颊棕色，额部棕黑色。耳外黄褐、耳内白色。颈部与身体背面稍带黄褐色，有一黑棕色的背线。四肢外侧棕色，内侧较浅。臀部有黄赭色斑。夏毛较短，没有绒毛，呈赤褐色。分布区域

1. Sika Deer: The sika deer has a body length of around 1.5m and weighs about 100kg. It has prominent preorbital glands, large erect ears, and a slender neck. Its limbs are long and slender, with brown tarsal glands on the outside of the hind legs. The main hooves are narrow, and the lateral hooves are small. There are distinct white spots on the buttocks, and the tail is short. The male deer has forked antlers, with 4-5 tines when fully grown. The brow tine extends forward diagonally, the second tine is further from the brow tine, and the main beam divides into two smaller tines at the tip. In winter, the sika deer's coat is chestnut brown with inconspicuous white spots. The hair on the nose and cheeks is short and sandy yellow at the tips. There is a dark brown dorsal line from the top of the head to the tail, and the white buttock spots have dark brown edges. The belly hair is light brown, and the groin area is white. The outer sides of the limbs are the same color as the body, while the inner sides are slightly lighter. In summer, the coat is thin, without underfur, and is reddish-brown with prominent white spots arranged in vertical lines on the sides of the back and lower body, with a black dorsal line. The underside is white, the back of the tail is black, and the limbs are lighter than the body color.2. Elk: The elk is larger in size, with a body length of 2m and a weight exceeding 200kg. It stands about 1m tall at the shoulders, with a straight back and shoulder and hip heights being equal. The nose is bare, and the large ears are conical in shape. The neck accounts for about one-third of the body length and is covered with longer hair underneath. The legs are long, with the hooves on both sides being relatively long and able to touch the ground. The tail is short. Males have antlers that extend forward, forming a right angle with the main beam, which bends slightly backward and inward, and the antler surface, except for the tip, is relatively rough, with a small ring-like protrusion at the base. The winter coat is gray-brown. The mouth and lower jaw are deep brown, the cheeks are brown, and the forehead is brown-black. The outer ears are yellow-brown, and the inner ears are white. The neck and the back of the body have a slight yellow-brown color, with a black-brown dorsal line. The outer sides of the limbs are brown, while the inner sides are lighter. There are yellowish-brown spots on the buttocks. In summer, the coat is shorter, without underfur, and is reddish-brown in color. Distribution area

1、梅花鹿：分布于东北、华北、华东、华南。2、马鹿：分布于东北、西北及内蒙古等地。人工制造

1. Sika deer: distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, and South China.2. Elk: distributed in Northeast China, Northwest China, Inner Mongolia, and other areas. Artificially bred.

1、生活习性：野生梅花鹿在森林中生活。喜群居，性温顺，善跳跃，感官灵敏。具有季节性垂直迁徙习性，夏季鹿群多到高山地带活动，冬季多到低山区的河谷或向阳山坡越冬。植物性食性，能采食上百种植物的枝叶、果实、树皮和杂草。食性广泛，对酸、甜、苦味的食物均可采食。尤对柞树的细枝、嫩叶和果实更喜食。鹿角春季脱落并萌发新角。4-8月份为生茸期，到9月初鹿角停止生长，鹿茸皮脱落，仅遗留下分成4个枝杈的裸露骨角质，是配种期殴斗和冬季雪下寻食的工具。2、养殖技术：梅花鹿为季节性发情的动物。秋季配种，幼鹿2周岁时性成熟。每年9-11月份时，公鹿变得膘肥体壮，颈围粗，毛色暗，阴囊下垂，性暴好斗，常与其他公鹿争偶。母鹿在此时期可发情3-4次，每次持续18-36h。鹿的配种方式有几种：①群公群母式，即将25-30只参配母鹿与3-5只种公鹿组成配种群，直到11月底配种结束再分开。②单公群母式，即将1只优良公鹿与15-20只母鹿组群配种。但要每隔一段时期中间替换种公鹿。③单公单母定时放对式。即每日早、晚，将公鹿拨入母鹿群中与发情母鹿交配，配后即将公鹿拨出。④人工授精，其中包括采精，精液稀释和输精几个步骤。可以充分利用优良种公鹿进行配种。每只发情母鹿要复配2-3次才能保证高受胎率。妊娠期为235d左右。每年5-6月份为产仔期。产前要做好准备工作，并对个别难产母鹿要进行接产，梅花鹿多为每胎1仔，双仔率仅占5%-15%。初生子鹿要保证吃到初乳才能提高成活率。3、饲养管理：梅花鹿从野生变为家养，驯化是技术关键。驯化工作要从早期发育阶段开始，如人工哺乳，幼鹿训练等。以期发育到成年后更好地接受人工饲养管理，促使鹿茸优质高产和提高后裔的繁殖成活率。梅花鹿以各种粮、豆类及农副产品为精饲料，以农作物茎、叶和多种树木枝叶及青草为粗饲料。青贮玉米秸更是人工养鹿的重要饲料。还要每天补给适量的食盐和维生素。为保证营养全面要力求饲料多样化。公鹿生茸期、母鹿哺乳期和育成期幼鹿要多投给精料。在驯化的基础上可将公鹿、母鹿和育成鹿分别组成放牧群，引导到牧场上去放，大幅度降低饲养成本和提高生产力。放牧管理主要防止鹿只逃失；收茸期管理主要防止鹿茸伤损；配种管理主要防止公鹿伤亡；产仔期管理主要是对难产鹿接产。在日常管理中要建立起完整的定时、定量、定点投料给水的饲喂制度和每天清扫圈舍、定期消毒等环境卫生制度，并严格执行，防止各种灾害给鹿群造成损失。4、疾病防治：养鹿人员毎天对鹿只活动情况、采食、饮水、排便等进行细致观察。对发病鹿要提倡早发现，早治疗。鹿病基本上可分为疫病和普通病两类。疫病危害大，主要有结核病，坏死杆菌病，布氏杆菌病和血尿病等，要通过定期接种疫苗进行预防。普通病主要有食毛症，饲料中毒，寄生虫病等。主要通过改善饲养管理阻断病源，并对患病鹿对症治疗来解决。5、马鹿养殖要点与梅花鹿大致相似，其体形较大，生存竞争能力强，野生鹿较多，每年配种、产仔和生茸期都要稍早于梅花鹿。

1. Behavior: The wild sika deer live in forests. They are social animals, gentle in nature, good at jumping, and have sensitive senses. They have seasonal vertical migration habits, with deer herds moving to higher mountain areas in summer and to lower mountain valleys or sunny slopes in winter. They are herbivorous, feeding on the branches, leaves, fruits, bark, and weeds of over a hundred plant species. They have a wide-ranging diet and can consume foods with sour, sweet, or bitter tastes. They particularly favor the tender branches, leaves, and fruits of oak trees. Antlers are shed in spring and new antlers grow. The antler velvet period is from April to August, and by early September, antler growth stops, the velvet is shed, leaving behind the bony core with four branches, which is used for mating battles and foraging in winter under snow.2. Breeding Techniques: Sika deer are seasonal breeders, mating in autumn, and reaching sexual maturity at two years of age. During September to November, the male deer become robust, with thick necks, dark fur, and drooping scrotums, and they become aggressive and often compete with other males for mates. Female deer can go into estrus 3-4 times during this period, each lasting 18-36 hours. There are several breeding methods for deer: 1) Multiple males and females, where 25-30 female deer are mated with 3-5 male deer until the end of November when the mating season ends. 2) Single male and multiple females, where one superior male deer is grouped with 15-20 female deer for mating, with periodic replacement of the male deer. 3) Single male and single female timed mating, where the male deer is introduced to the female deer group for mating in the morning and evening, and then removed after mating. 4) Artificial insemination, involving several steps including semen collection, dilution, and insemination. This method allows for the use of superior male deer for breeding. Each female deer in estrus should be mated 2-3 times to ensure a high conception rate. The gestation period is around 235 days, with the fawning period from May to June. Preparations should be made before birth, and assistance may be needed for individual deer experiencing difficult labor. Sika deer typically give birth to one fawn per litter, with a twin birth rate of only 5%-15%. Ensuring that the newborn fawn consumes colostrum is crucial for improving its survival rate.3. Feeding and Management: The domestication of sika deer from the wild is a key technical aspect. The process should start from the early developmental stages, including artificial feeding and training of young deer, to ensure better acceptance of artificial feeding and management when they reach adulthood, promoting the production of high-quality antler velvet and improving the reproductive survival rate of offspring. Sika deer are fed with various grains, legumes, and agricultural by-products as concentrated feed, and with crop stems, leaves, a variety of tree branches and leaves, and green grass as roughage. Ensuring an adequate supply of salt and vitamins daily is essential. Diversifying the feed is important to ensure comprehensive nutrition. During the antler velvet period for males, and the lactation and growth periods for young deer, more concentrated feed should be provided. Based on the taming process, male, female, and young deer can be separately formed into grazing herds and guided to pasture, significantly reducing the cost of raising and improving productivity. Grazing management mainly focuses on preventing deer from escaping; antler shedding period management mainly focuses on preventing antler damage; breeding management mainly focuses on preventing male deer casualties; and fawning period management mainly involves assisting difficult labor. Establishing a complete feeding system for timing, quantity, and location, as well as daily cleaning of the pens, regular disinfection, and strict implementation, is crucial to prevent various disasters from causing losses to the deer herd.4. Disease Prevention and Control: Deer caretakers should carefully observe the activities, feeding, drinking, and defecation of the deer daily. Early detection and treatment of sick deer are encouraged. Deer diseases can be broadly categorized as epidemic diseases and common diseases. Epidemic diseases, such as tuberculosis, necrotizing enteritis, brucellosis, and hematuria, pose significant threats and should be prevented through regular vaccination. Common diseases include trichobezoar, feed poisoning, and parasitic diseases. Improving feeding and management can help block the sources of these diseases, and symptomatic treatment can be used to address sick deer.5. The breeding points for elk are generally similar to those for sika deer. Elk have a larger body size, stronger survival competitiveness, and are more abundant in the wild. The breeding, fawning, and antler velvet periods occur slightly earlier than those of sika deer.