鹿血，中药材名。为鹿科动物梅花鹿CervusnipponTemminck或马鹿CervuselaphusLinnaeus的血液。具有养血益精，止血，止带的功效。主治精血不足，腰痛，阳痿遗精，血虚心悸、失眠，肺痿吐血，鼻衄，崩漏带下，痈肿折伤。
Lu-xue, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Deer Blood). It refers to the blood of the deer family animals, such as the sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) or the elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus). It has the effects of nourishing blood and essence, stopping bleeding, and regulating menstruation. It is mainly used for the treatment of deficiency of essence and blood, lumbago, impotence and premature ejaculation, palpitations and insomnia due to blood deficiency, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, epistaxis, menorrhagia and leukorrhea, as well as carbuncle and traumatic injuries.

功效作用 功能
The efficacy and functions.

养血益精，止血，止带。主治
Nourishing blood and essence, stopping bleeding, and treating leukorrhea.

精血不足，腰痛，阳痿遗精，血虚心悸、失眠，肺痿吐血，鼻衄，崩漏带下，痈肿折伤。用法用量
Deficiency of essence and blood, lumbago, impotence and spermatorrhea, palpitations and insomnia due to blood deficiency, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, epistaxis, excessive menstruation with leukorrhea, and carbuncle and contusion. Dosage and administration.

内服：酒调，3-6g；或入丸、散。化学成分
Internal administration: decocted in wine, 3-6g; or made into pills or powder. Chemical composition

鹿科动物马鹿等的血，用颈静脉穿刺法取3月龄以上的雄、雌鹿的血样分析，结果是：血清中，γ-谷酰氨转移酶19.5u/L，天冬氨酸转氨酶43.0u/L，肌酸磷酸激酶197.9u/L，血浆中胃蛋白酶原0.91u/L、血尿氮8.56mol/L，血清葡萄糖6.9mol/L，磷1.75mol/L，碳2.13mol/L，镁0.74mol/L，钾4.43mol/L及钠138.5mol/L。上述结果在不同性别和不同年龄组（3-8月、9-18月及18月以上组）的动物间，无显著差异。药理作用
The blood of cervids such as deer was obtained using the jugular vein puncture method for analysis in animals aged 3 months and older. The results are as follows: in the serum, the levels of γ-glutamyl transferase were 19.5 u/L, aspartate aminotransferase was 43.0 u/L, and creatine phosphokinase was 197.9 u/L. In the plasma, the levels of pepsinogen were 0.91 u/L, blood urea nitrogen was 8.56 mol/L, serum glucose was 6.9 mol/L, phosphorus was 1.75 mol/L, carbon was 2.13 mol/L, magnesium was 0.74 mol/L, potassium was 4.43 mol/L, and sodium was 138.5 mol/L. There were no significant differences in the above results between animals of different genders and age groups (3-8 months, 9-18 months, and over 18 months). Pharmacological effects.

1、对血压的影响：给麻醉猫静脉注射鹿茸血精制剂和鹿茸精制剂，均能使猫血压降低34%-37%。2、抗创伤作用：给家兔放血10%和从左侧胸腰区削下皮肉0.72-0.75g，造成兔体衰弱和外伤。然后，对照组注射生理盐水，给药组皮下注射鹿茸血槽0.5ml/kg，每日给药1次，连续给药18d，结果表明，给药组体重增长明显超过对照组，血浆蛋白含量和红细胞数也较对照组高，但与对照组无明显差异。相关论述

1. Impact on blood pressure: Intravenous injection of deer antler blood essence and deer antler essence in anesthetized cats can both reduce blood pressure by 34%-37%.2. Anti-trauma effect: Blood was drawn from rabbits and 0.72-0.75g of skin and flesh was removed from the left thoracolumbar region, causing weakness and external injury to the rabbits. Then, the control group was injected with saline, while the treatment group was subcutaneously injected with 0.5ml/kg of deer antler blood groove once daily for 18 days. The results showed that the treatment group had a significant increase in body weight compared to the control group, and the plasma protein content and red blood cell count were also higher than those in the control group, but with no significant difference. Relevant discussion.

1、《千金·食治》：“生血，治痈肿。”2、《新修本草》：“主狂犬伤，鼻衄、折伤，阴痿，补虚，止腰痛。”3、《日华子》：“治肺痿吐血及崩中、带下。”4、《日用本草》：“补阴，益营气。”5、《医学入门·本草》：“主肺痈，衄血，止饥渴，充气血。”6、《纲目》：“大补虚损，益精血，解痘毒、药毒。”7、《本草新编》：“调血脉。”8、《医林纂要·药性》：“行血祛瘀，续绝除伤。”9、《青藏高原药物图鉴》：“治妇女月经过多，贫血，身体虚弱，驱腹内寄生虫。”10、《山东药用动物》：“主治遗精，性神经衰弱。”11、《四川中药志》1979年版：“用于老人精血亏虚，胸腹气痛。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Qian Jin Yao Fang: 'Nourishes blood and treats carbuncles and swellings.'"2. "Newly Revised Materia Medica: 'Used for treating rabies wounds, epistaxis, fractures, impotence, tonifying deficiency, and alleviating lumbar pain.'"3. "Ri Hua Zi: 'Treats pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis, uterine bleeding, and leukorrhea.'"4. "Daily Use Materia Medica: 'Nourishes yin and boosts the qi.'"5. "Introduction to Medicine and Materia Medica: 'Mainly used for treating pulmonary abscess, hemorrhage, alleviating thirst, and replenishing qi and blood.'"6. "Compendium: 'Greatly tonifies deficiency, nourishes essence and blood, and resolves toxin from sores and drugs.'"7. "New Compilation of Materia Medica: 'Regulates the blood vessels.'"8. "Essentials of the Medical Forest: 'Moves blood, dispels stasis, reconnects severed tissues, and eliminates injuries.'"9. "Illustrated Handbook of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Materials: 'Treats excessive menstruation in women, anemia, physical weakness, and expels internal parasites in the abdomen.'"10. "Medicinal Animals of Shandong: 'Mainly used for treating spermatorrhea and sexual neurasthenia.'"11. "Sichuan Materia Medica: 1979 Edition: 'Used for elderly people with deficient essence and blood, and chest and abdominal pain.' Clinical applications and related compatibility."

1、治心悸失眠及各种气痛：鹿茸血，每服0.9g，日服2次，黄酒送服。（《内蒙古药用动物》）2、治肺痿吐血：鹿血、沙参、生地、天冬、麦冬、阿胶、百合各等量。研末为丸服。（《四川中药志》1979年）3、治鼻血时作：干鹿血，炒枯，将酒淬熏二三次，仍用酒淬半杯和服之。（《纲目》）4、治风湿痹痛：鹿茸血30g，桂枝、五加皮、制川乌、松节各9g。用酒浸泡7d。饮酒，每次20ml，每日2次。（《内蒙古药用动物》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating palpitations, insomnia, and various types of qi pain: Take 0.9g of deer antler blood, twice daily, with yellow wine. (From "Medicinal Animals of Inner Mongolia")2. For treating pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis: Take equal amounts of deer blood, Adenophora root, Rehmannia root, Ophiopogon root, Ophiopogon japonicus, gelatin, and lily. Grind into pills for consumption. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1979)3. For treating epistaxis: Take dried deer blood, fry it until dry, then fumigate it with wine two or three times, and finally take half a cup of the wine. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica")4. For treating rheumatic arthralgia: Take 30g of deer antler blood, 9g each of cassia twig, eleuthero, prepared Szechuan aconite, and pine knot. Soak in wine for 7 days. Drink 20ml each time, twice daily. (From "Medicinal Animals of Inner Mongolia") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

宰鹿或锯鹿茸时取血，凉凝后，风干成紫棕色块片状即成。炮制方法
When slaughtering or sawing deer antlers for blood collection, the blood should be cooled and coagulated, then air-dried to form purple-brown block-like pieces. This is the processing method.

取原药材除去杂质，用时打碎。保存方法
Processing of the original medicinal materials involves removing impurities and grinding when necessary. As for the storage method, it depends on the specific medicinal material and its properties.

贮干燥容器内，密闭，置阴凉干燥处，防潮，防尘。药材鉴别 药材性状
Store the dried herbs in a sealed container in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and dust. Identify the medicinal herbs and their properties.

呈不规则的薄片状，紫黑色，有角质样光泽，质地坚实，酥脆，气腥，味甘、咸。动物学信息 动物属种
Irregularly thin and flaky, purplish-black in color, with a horny luster, solid and crispy texture, a strong animalic odor, and a sweet-salty taste. Zoological information: genus and species of the animal.

鹿科动物梅花鹿或马鹿。形态特征
The sika deer or elk, a member of the deer family, has the following morphological characteristics:

1、梅花鹿：梅花鹿体长1.5m左右，体重100kg左右。眶下腺明显，耳大直立，颈细长。四肢细长，后肢外侧踝关节下有褐色蹠腺，主蹄狭小，侧蹄小。臀部有明显的白色臀斑，尾短。雄鹿有分叉的角，长全时有4-5叉，眉叉斜向前伸，第二枝与眉叉较远，主干末端再分两小枝。梅花鹿冬毛栗棕色，白色斑点不显。鼻面及颊部毛短，毛尖沙黄色。从头顶起沿脊椎到尾部有一深棕色的背线。白色臀斑有深棕色边缘。腹毛淡棕，鼠蹊部白色。四肢外侧同体色，内侧色稍淡。夏毛薄，无绒毛，红棕色，白斑显著，在脊背两旁及体侧下缘排列成纵行，有黑色的背中线。腹面白色，尾背面黑色，四肢色较体色为浅。2、马鹿：体形较大，体长2m，体重超过200kg。肩高约1m，背平直，肩部与臀部高度相等。鼻端裸露，耳大呈圆锥形。颈长约占体长1/3，颈下被毛较长。四肢长，两侧蹄较长，能触及地面。尾短。雄性有角，眉叉向前伸，几与主干成直角，主干稍向后略向内弯，角面除尖端外均较粗糙，角基有一小圈瘤状突。冬毛灰褐色。嘴、下颌深棕色，颊棕色，额部棕黑色。耳外黄褐、耳内白色。颈部与身体背面稍带黄褐色，有一黑棕色的背线。四肢外侧棕色，内侧较浅。臀部有黄赭色斑。夏毛较短，没有绒毛，呈赤褐色。分布区域

1. Sika Deer: The sika deer has a body length of around 1.5m and weighs about 100kg. It has prominent preorbital glands, large erect ears, and a slender neck. Its limbs are long and slender, with brown metatarsal glands on the outside of the hind legs, narrow hooves, and small lateral hooves. There are distinct white spots on the buttocks, and the tail is short. The antlers of the male deer are forked, with 4-5 tines, and the brow tine extends forward diagonally, with the second tine further from the brow tine, and the main beam branching into two smaller tines at the tip. In winter, the sika deer's coat is chestnut brown with inconspicuous white spots. The hair on the nose and cheeks is short and sandy yellow at the tips. There is a dark brown dorsal line from the top of the head along the spine to the tail, and the white buttock spots have dark brown edges. The belly hair is light brown, and the inguinal region is white. The outer sides of the limbs are the same color as the body, while the inner sides are slightly lighter. In summer, the coat is thin, without underfur, reddish-brown, with prominent white spots arranged in vertical rows on the sides of the back and lower body, and a black dorsal line. The underside is white, the tail is black on the back, and the limbs are lighter than the body color.2. Elk: The elk is larger in size, with a body length of 2m and a weight exceeding 200kg. It stands about 1m tall at the shoulder, with a straight back and shoulder and hip heights being equal. The nose is bare, and the large ears are conical. The neck is about one-third of the body length and has longer hair underneath. The limbs are long, with the hooves on both sides being relatively long and able to touch the ground. The tail is short. Males have antlers that extend forward, forming a right angle with the main beam, which bends slightly backward and inward, and the antler surface, except for the tip, is rough, with a small ring-like protrusion at the base. The winter coat is grayish-brown. The mouth and lower jaw are deep brown, the cheeks are brown, and the forehead is brown-black. The outer ears are yellow-brown, and the inner ears are white. The neck and back of the body have a slightly yellow-brown color and a black-brown dorsal line. The outer sides of the limbs are brown, while the inner sides are lighter. There are yellow-ochre spots on the buttocks. The summer coat is shorter, without underfur, and is reddish-brown. Distribution area

1、梅花鹿：分布于东北、华北、华东、华南。2、马鹿：分布于东北、西北及内蒙古等地。道地产区

1. Sika deer: distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, and South China.2. Elk: distributed in Northeast China, Northwest China, Inner Mongolia, and other areas. Indigenous regions.

产于吉林、辽宁、河北、江苏、四川、黑龙江、内蒙古、云南、青海、新疆等地。多自产自销。人工制造
Produced in Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other regions. Mostly for self-use. Also artificially manufactured.

1、生活习性：野生梅花鹿在森林中生活。喜群居，性温顺，善跳跃，感官灵敏。具有季节性垂直迁徙习性，夏季鹿群多到高山地带活动，冬季多到低山区的河谷或向阳山坡越冬。植物性食性，能采食上百种植物的枝叶、果实、树皮和杂草。食性广泛，对酸、甜、苦味的食物均可采食。尤对柞树的细枝、嫩叶和果实更喜食。鹿角春季脱落并萌发新角。4-8月份为生茸期，到9月初鹿角停止生长，鹿茸皮脱落，仅遗留下分成4个枝杈的裸露骨角质，是配种期殴斗和冬季雪下寻食的工具。2、养殖技术：梅花鹿为季节性发情的动物。秋季配种，幼鹿2周岁时性成熟。每年9-11月份时，公鹿变得膘肥体壮，颈围粗，毛色暗，阴囊下垂，性暴好斗，常与其他公鹿争偶。母鹿在此时期可发情3-4次，每次持续18-36h。鹿的配种方式有几种：①群公群母式，即将25-30只参配母鹿与3-5只种公鹿组成配种群，直到11月底配种结束再分开。②单公群母式，即将1只优良公鹿与15-20只母鹿组群配种。但要每隔一段时期中间替换种公鹿。③单公单母定时放对式。即每日早、晚，将公鹿拨入母鹿群中与发情母鹿交配，配后即将公鹿拨出。④人工授精，其中包括采精，精液稀释和输精几个步骤。可以充分利用优良种公鹿进行配种。每只发情母鹿要复配2-3次才能保证高受胎率。妊娠期为235d左右。每年5-6月份为产仔期。产前要做好准备工作，并对个别难产母鹿要进行接产，梅花鹿多为每胎1仔，双仔率仅占5%-15%。初生子鹿要保证吃到初乳才能提高成活率。3、饲养管理：梅花鹿从野生变为家养，驯化是技术关键。驯化工作要从早期发育阶段开始，如人工哺乳，幼鹿训练等。以期发育到成年后更好地接受人工饲养管理，促使鹿茸优质高产和提高后裔的繁殖成活率。梅花鹿以各种粮、豆类及农副产品为精饲料，以农作物茎、叶和多种树木枝叶及青草为粗饲料。青贮玉米秸更是人工养鹿的重要饲料。还要每天补给适量的食盐和维生素。为保证营养全面要力求饲料多样化。公鹿生茸期、母鹿哺乳期和育成期幼鹿要多投给精料。在驯化的基础上可将公鹿、母鹿和育成鹿分别组成放牧群，引导到牧场上去放，大幅度降低饲养成本和提高生产力。放牧管理主要防止鹿只逃失；收茸期管理主要防止鹿茸伤损；配种管理主要防止公鹿伤亡；产仔期管理主要是对难产鹿接产。在日常管理中要建立起完整的定时、定量、定点投料给水的饲喂制度和每天清扫圈舍、定期消毒等环境卫生制度，并严格执行，防止各种灾害给鹿群造成损失。4、疾病防治：养鹿人员毎天对鹿只活动情况、采食、饮水、排便等进行细致观察。对发病鹿要提倡早发现，早治疗。鹿病基本上可分为疫病和普通病两类。疫病危害大，主要有结核病，坏死杆菌病，布氏杆菌病和血尿病等，要通过定期接种疫苗进行预防。普通病主要有食毛症，饲料中毒，寄生虫病等。主要通过改善饲养管理阻断病源，并对患病鹿对症治疗来解决。5、马鹿养殖要点与梅花鹿大致相似，其体形较大，生存竞争能力强，野生鹿较多，每年配种、产仔和生茸期都要稍早于梅花鹿。

1. Behavior: The wild sika deer live in forests. They are social animals, gentle in nature, good at jumping, and have sensitive senses. They have seasonal vertical migration habits, with deer herds moving to higher mountain areas in summer and to lower mountain valleys or sunny slopes in winter. They are herbivorous, feeding on the branches, leaves, fruits, bark, and weeds of over a hundred plant species. They have a wide-ranging diet and can consume foods with sour, sweet, or bitter tastes. They particularly favor the tender branches, leaves, and fruits of oak trees. Antlers are shed in spring and new antlers grow. The antler velvet grows from April to August, stops growing in early September, and sheds the velvet, leaving behind the bony antlers with four branches, which are used for mating fights and foraging in winter under snow.2. Breeding Techniques: Sika deer are seasonal breeders. They mate in autumn, and fawns reach sexual maturity at the age of two. During September to November, the stags become fat and strong, with thick necks, dark fur, drooping scrotums, aggressive behavior, and often compete with other stags for mates. The does can go into estrus 3-4 times during this period, each lasting 18-36 hours. There are several breeding methods for deer: 1) Multiple stags and does, where 25-30 does are mated with 3-5 stags until the end of November when the mating season ends. 2) Single stag and does, where one superior stag is grouped with 15-20 does for mating, with periodic replacement of the stag. 3) Single stag and does, where the stag is introduced to the does for mating in the morning and evening, and then removed. 4) Artificial insemination, involving several steps including semen collection, dilution, and insemination. High-quality stags can be fully utilized for breeding. Each estrous doe needs to be mated 2-3 times to ensure a high conception rate. The gestation period is around 235 days, and the fawning period is from May to June. Adequate preparation is needed before parturition, and assistance may be required for difficult deliveries. Sika deer usually give birth to one fawn per litter, with a twin birth rate of only 5%-15%. Ensuring that the newborn fawn consumes colostrum is crucial for improving its survival rate.3. Feeding and Management: The domestication of sika deer from the wild is a key technical aspect. The taming process should start from the early developmental stage, including artificial feeding and fawn training, to ensure better acceptance of artificial feeding management in adulthood, promoting the production of high-quality antler velvet and improving the reproductive survival rate of offspring. Sika deer are fed with various grains, legumes, and agricultural by-products as concentrate feed, and with crop stems, leaves, various tree branches and leaves, and green grass as roughage. Ensuring an adequate supply of salt and vitamins is essential. Diversifying the feed is important to ensure comprehensive nutrition. During the antler growing period for stags, the lactation period for does, and the rearing period for fawns, more concentrate feed should be provided. Based on taming, stags, does, and rearing deer can be separately formed into grazing groups and guided to pasture, significantly reducing the cost of raising and improving productivity. Grazing management mainly focuses on preventing deer from escaping; antler harvesting management mainly focuses on preventing antler damage; breeding management mainly focuses on preventing stag mortality; and parturition management mainly involves assisting difficult deliveries. Establishing a complete feeding system for timing, quantity, and location, as well as daily cleaning of enclosures, regular disinfection, and strict implementation, is crucial to prevent various disasters from causing losses to the deer herd.4. Disease Prevention and Control: Deer breeders should carefully observe the activities, feeding, drinking, and defecation of the deer daily. Early detection and treatment of sick deer are encouraged. Deer diseases can be broadly categorized as epidemic diseases and common diseases. Epidemic diseases, such as tuberculosis, anthrax, brucellosis, and hematuria, pose significant threats and require regular vaccination for prevention. Common diseases include trichobezoar, feed poisoning, and parasitic diseases. Improving feeding management to block the sources of infection and providing symptomatic treatment for sick deer are the main approaches to solving these issues.5. The breeding points for elk are generally similar to those for sika deer. Elk are larger in size, have strong survival abilities, and are more abundant in the wild. The breeding, fawning, and antler growing periods for elk are slightly earlier than those for sika deer.