蟾蜍，中药材名。为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍BufobufogargarizansCantor或黑眶蟾蜍B.melanostictusSchneider的全体。具有解毒散结，消积利水，杀虫消疳的功效。主治痈疽，疔疮，发背，瘰疬，恶疮，癥瘕癖积，臌胀，水肿，小儿疳积，破伤风，慢性咳喘。
Chan-chu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole body of the Chan-chu family animal, including the Asiatic toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor) or the black-spotted toad (B. melanostictus Schneider). It has the effects of detoxification, resolving masses, promoting digestion and diuresis, killing parasites, and relieving malaria. It is mainly used to treat carbuncles, furuncles, back sores, scrofula, malignant ulcers, accumulation of pathogenic factors, abdominal distension, edema, infantile malnutrition, tetanus, and chronic cough and asthma.

功效作用 功能
The efficacy and functions.

解毒散结，消积利水，杀虫消疳。主治
Detoxify, disperse accumulation, benefit water, kill parasites, and relieve carbuncle.主治

1、痈疽、疔疮、发背、瘰疬、恶疮：蟾蜍功专解毒散结，外拔内攻，为治痈疽诸疮之要药。2、臌胀、水肿、小便不利及痛证：蟾蜍能利水消肿。3、小儿疳积。破伤风及麻风，癣疮：蟾蜍杀虫消疳，擅治小儿疳积之症。用法用量

1. Boils, carbuncles, furuncles, scrofula, and malignant ulcers: The toad's venom has the special function of detoxification and dispersing nodules, acting externally to draw out and internally to attack, making it an essential medicine for treating boils and various ulcers.2. Abdominal distension, edema, difficult urination, and painful conditions: Toad venom can promote diuresis and reduce swelling.3. Infantile malnutrition, tetanus, leprosy, and skin diseases: Toad venom kills parasites and eliminates malnutrition, effectively treating infantile malnutrition. Dosage and administration.

外用：适量，烧存性研末敷或调涂；或活蟾蜍捣敷。内服：煎汤，1只；或入丸、散，1-3g。注意事项
External use: Apply an appropriate amount of the powdered herb for topical application or make it into a paste for external use; or use live toad for poultice.Internal use: Decoction, 1 dose; or in pill or powder form, 1-3g.Please note the following precautions.

《广西药用动物》：“表热、虚脱的人忌用。”化学成分
"Guangxi Medicinal Animals": "Not suitable for people with heat and deficiency exhaustion." Chemical composition

1、花背蟾蜍（Bufovaddeistrauch）耳后腺分泌物含胆甾醇，南美蟾毒精，日本蟾毒它灵，远华蟾毒精，沙蟾毒精。2、耳腺分泌物中的挥发性成分含壬酸，癸酸，少量正十八烷，正十九烷，正三十烷，二十一烷，十八碳二烯酸。药理作用

1. The secretion of the parotid gland of Bufo vaddes (Bufovaddeistrauch) contains cholestanol, South American toad venom, Japanese toad venom, Yuanhua toad venom, and sand toad venom.2. The volatile components in the secretion of the parotid gland contain capric acid, caprylic acid, small amounts of octadecane, nonadecane, triacontane, heneicosane, and octadecadienoic acid. Pharmacological effects.

1、蟾蜍制剂可增强心肌收缩力，增加心搏出量，减低心率并消除水肿与呼吸困难，类洋地黄样作用。2、升压作用：本品升压作用迅速而平稳，维持时间长且能使肾、脑、冠脉血流量增加，优于肾上素缩血管药。3、局麻作用：用豚鼠角膜进行试验，眼内滴入等量药物后，每隔5min刺激6次，共30min，统计30min内刺激角膜不发生反应的次数，以无反应的百分率作用为局麻过程指标，发现其局麻作用大部分比可卡因强。4、抗肿瘤作用：蟾蜍制剂具有增高小鼠脾脏溶血空斑形成细胞（PEC）活性率，促进局巨噬细胞功能以及增高血清溶菌酶浓度等作用，另外蟾蜍对免疫系统及循环系统等方面也有作用。相关论述

1. Toad preparations can enhance myocardial contractility, increase cardiac output, reduce heart rate, and eliminate edema and respiratory distress, with a similar effect to digitalis.2. Pressor effect: This product has a rapid and stable pressor effect, with a long maintenance time and the ability to increase renal, cerebral, and coronary blood flow, superior to adrenergic vasoconstrictors.3. Local anesthetic effect: In experiments using guinea pig corneas, after instilling equal amounts of the drug into the eye, the cornea was stimulated 6 times every 5 minutes for a total of 30 minutes. The percentage of non-reactive stimuli within 30 minutes was used as an indicator of the local anesthetic process, and it was found that its local anesthetic effect was mostly stronger than that of cocaine.4. Antitumor effect: Toad preparations can increase the activity rate of mouse splenic plaque-forming cells (PEC), promote the function of local macrophages, and increase the concentration of serum lysozyme, among other effects. In addition, toads also have effects on the immune system and circulatory system. Related discussions.

1、《山东药用动物》：“主治慢性气管炎，咽喉肿痛，水肿，小便不利。”2、《本草经集注》：“人得温病，斑出困者，生食一两枚。”“烧灰敷疮。”3、《药性论》：“杀疳虫，治鼠漏恶疮。”“烧灰敷一切有虫恶痒滋胤疮。”4、《本草拾遗》：“主温病生斑者，取一枚，生捣绞取汁服之，亦烧末服；主狂犬咬，发狂欲死，作脍食之，频食数顿。”5、《日华子》：“破癥结，治疳气，小儿面黄癖气。”6、《山东中草药手册》：“强心利尿，镇痛，治水肿腹水。”7、《纲目》：“治一切五疳八痢，肿毒，破伤风病，脱肛。”8、《本草正》：“消癖气积聚，破坚瘕肿胀。”9、《本草备要》：“发汗退热，除湿杀虫。”10、《本草求真》：“散热泻热，外拔内攻。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Shandong Medicinal Animals": "Used to treat chronic bronchitis, sore throat, edema, and difficulty urinating."2. "Compendium of Materia Medica Annotations": "For those with warm diseases and rash, eat one or two pieces raw." "Apply ash to ulcers."3. "Theory of Medicinal Properties": "Kills parasitic worms, treats rat-bite fever and malignant ulcers." "Apply ash to all itchy ulcers caused by parasites."4. "Compendium of Materia Medica Supplement": "For those with warm diseases and rash, take one piece, crush it and extract the juice to consume, or take it as burnt powder; for those bitten by rabid dogs, eat it raw, and eat it several times."5. "Rihuazi": "Disperses lumps, treats malarial gas, and infantile jaundice."6. "Shandong Handbook of Chinese Medicinal Herbs": "Strengthens the heart, diuretic, relieves pain, and treats edema and ascites."7. "Outline": "Treats all types of five stagnations and eight dysenteries, swellings, poisons, wind-related diseases, and prolapse of the anus."8. "Compendium of Materia Medica Corrections": "Disperses accumulated stagnant qi, breaks up hard masses, and reduces swelling."9. "Essentials of Materia Medica": "Induces sweating to reduce fever, eliminates dampness, and kills parasites."10. "Seeking Truth in Materia Medica": "Dispels heat, purges fire, and treats externally while attacking internally." Clinical applications and related combinations.

1、治痈肿疔疖：蟾蜍研细粉，醋调敷患处。（《山东中草药手册》）2、治唇疮：取干蟾烧灰细研，敷之。（《圣惠方》）3、治大肠痔疾：蟾蜍一个，以砖切四方，安于内，泥住。火煅存性，为末。以猪广肠一截，扎定两头，煮熟切碎，蘸蟾末食之，如此三四次。（《纲目》）4、治水肿腹水：蟾蜍粉1g。日服1次，连服2-10d。体虚者酌减，服时注意血压变化。（《山东中草药手册》）5、治小儿肿胀：剖腹后的蟾蜍1只，麝香0.15g。先将麝香置于小儿脐中，即将蟾蜍敷盖脐部，用布绑紧，约燃一支香久，则将药除去，其肿自消。（江西《草药手册》）6、治癣：干蟾烧灰，末，以猪脂和涂之。（《外台》引《深师方》）7、治脉管炎：干蟾1只，白花蛇1条，金银花90g，牛膝60g，附子30g。用酒1kg，浸3d后，水浴加热1.5h，放冷过滤。每次服1小盅，每日2次。（《河北中草药》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment of carbuncles and abscesses: Grind to a fine powder the toad, and mix with vinegar to apply to the affected area. (From "Shandong Herbal Manual")2. Treatment of lip sores: Take dried toad, burn it to ash, grind it finely, and apply it. (From "Shenghui Fang")3. Treatment of hemorrhoids: Take one toad, cut it into four pieces with a brick, insert it into the rectum, and retain it with mud. Roast it to ash, and grind it into powder. Take a section of pig's large intestine, tie it at both ends, cook it, cut it into pieces, dip it in the toad powder, and consume it, repeating this three or four times. (From "Outline")4. Treatment of edema and ascites: 1g of toad powder. Take once a day, continuously for 2-10 days. Adjust the dosage for those with deficiency, and pay attention to changes in blood pressure when taking. (From "Shandong Herbal Manual")5. Treatment of pediatric swelling: One toad after the abdomen is opened, and 0.15g of musk. First, place the musk in the child's navel, then apply the toad to cover the navel, bind it tightly with cloth, and burn an incense stick for a while. Then remove the medicine, and the swelling will naturally subside. (From "Jiangxi Herbal Manual")6. Treatment of tinea: Use burnt ash of dried toad, grind it into powder, mix it with lard, and apply it. (From "Wai Tai" cited from "Shen Shi Fang")7. Treatment of arteritis: One dried toad, one white flower snake, 90g of honeysuckle, 60g of achyranthes, and 30g of aconite. Soak in 1kg of wine for 3 days, then heat in a water bath for 1.5 hours, and filter after cooling. Take 1 small cup each time, twice a day. (From "Hebei Herbal Manual") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

夏、秋季捕捉。捕得后，先采去蟾酥，然后将蟾蜍杀死，直接晒干。炮制方法
Capture in summer and autumn. After capture, remove the toad's secretion, then kill the toad and sun-dry it directly. Processing method.

1、干蟾：取原药材，洗净，去头、爪（头切至齐眉处）。每只切成4-6块，干燥。2、炙干蟾：将铁砂倒入锅内烧热，取净药材拌炒至表面微鼓起，有焦臭气逸出时，速取出，筛去砂子，放凉。民间有以活蟾蜍，用黄泥涂裹，放火灰中煨存性后，研细入药者。保存方法

1. Dried toad: Take the original medicinal material, wash it, remove the head and claws (cut the head to the eyebrow level). Cut each toad into 4-6 pieces and dry them.2. Roasted dried toad: Pour iron sand into a pot and heat it. Stir-fry the cleaned medicinal material until the surface is slightly swollen and a burnt odor is emitted. Quickly remove it, sift out the sand, and let it cool. There is a folk method of using live toads, wrapping them with yellow mud, and simmering them in ash to preserve their properties, then grinding them finely for medicinal use. Storage method.

贮干燥容器内，置阴凉干燥处，防霉，防蛀。药材鉴别 药材性状
Store in a dry container, keep in a cool and dry place, and prevent mold and moth. Identification of medicinal materials and their properties.

全体拘挛抽皱，纵向有棱角，四足伸缩不一，表面灰绿色或绿棕色。除去内脏的腹腔内面为灰黄色，可见到骨骼及皮膜。气微腥，味辛。以个大、身干、完整者为佳。动物学信息 动物属种
The whole body is contracted and wrinkled, with angular protrusions along the length. The four limbs are not uniformly extended and flexed, and the surface is grayish-green or greenish-brown. The inner surface of the abdominal cavity, after removing the internal organs, is grayish-yellow, with bones and membranes visible. It has a slightly fishy smell and a spicy taste. It is best to choose a larger, well-proportioned and intact specimen. Zoological information: animal genus and species.

蟾蜍科蟾蜍属中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍。形态特征
The Chinese giant salamander or the black-spotted pond frog belongs to the family of salamanders. It has distinctive morphological features.

1、中华大蟾蜍：体长一般在10cm以上，体粗壮，头宽大于头长，吻端圆，吻棱显著；鼻孔近吻端；眼间距大于鼻间距；鼓膜明显，无犁骨齿，上下颌亦无齿。前肢长而粗粗壮，指、趾略扁，指侧微有缘膜而无蹼，指长顺序3、1、4、2，指关节下瘤多成对，掌突2，外侧者大。后肢粗壮而短，胫跗关节前达肩部，左右跟部不相遇，趾侧有缘膜，蹼尚发达，内跖变形长而大，外跖突小而圆。皮肤极粗糙，头顶部较平滑，两侧有大而长的耳后腺，其余部分满布大小不等的圆形瘰疣，排列较规则的为头后之瘰疣，斜行排列几与耳后腺平行。此外，沿体侧之瘰疣排列亦较规则，胫部之瘰疣更大，个别标本有不明显之跗褶，腹面皮肤不光滑，有小疣。颜色变异颇大，生殖季节雄性背面多为黑绿色，体侧有浅色的斑纹；雌性背面色较浅，瘰疣乳黄色，有时自眼后沿体侧有斜行之黑色纵斑，腹面乳黄色，有棕色或黑色细花纹。雄性个体较小，内侧三指有黑色婚垫，无声囊。2、黑眶蟾蜍：体长7-10cm，雄性略小；头高，头宽大于头长；吻端圆，吻棱明显，鼻孔近吻端，眼间距大于鼻间距，鼓膜大，无犁骨齿，上下颌均无齿，舌后端无缺刻。头部沿吻棱、眼眶上缘、鼓膜前缘及上下颌缘有十分明显的黑色骨质棱或黑色线。头顶部显然下凹，皮肤与头骨紧密相连。前肢细长；指、趾略扁，末端色黑；指长序为3、1、4、2；指关节下瘤多成对，外掌突大，内侧者略小，均为棕色，后肢短，胫跗关节前达肩后方，左右跟部不相遇；足短于胫；趾侧有缘膜，相连成半蹼，关节下瘤不明显；内跖突略大于外跖突。皮肤极粗糙，除头顶部无疣外，其余布满大小不等之圆形疣粒，疣粒上有黑点或刺；头两侧为长圆形之耳腺；近脊中线由头后至臀部有2纵行排列较规则的大疣粒。体大的黑眶蟾蜍腹面满布小棘。生活时体色变异较大，一般为黄棕色略具棕红色斑纹。雄性第1、2指基部内侧有黑色婚垫，有单咽下内声囊。分布区域

1. Chinese Giant Salamander: The body length is generally over 10cm, stout and robust. The head is wider than it is long, with a rounded snout and prominent snout edges. The nostrils are close to the snout, and the distance between the eyes is greater than the distance between the nostrils. The eardrums are prominent, without vomerine teeth, and both the upper and lower jaws are toothless. The forelimbs are long and robust, with slightly flattened fingers and toes. There is a slight webbing between the fingers, and the sequence of finger lengths is 3, 1, 4, 2. The joints of the fingers have prominent paired nodules, with two prominent palmar tubercles, the outer one being larger. The hind limbs are stout and short, with the tibiotarsal joint reaching the shoulder, and the heels not meeting. There is webbing between the toes, and the webbing is well developed. The skin is extremely rough, with large and long parotoid glands on both sides of the head, and various-sized round warts scattered throughout the body. The warts on the sides of the body are arranged in a relatively regular pattern, with larger warts on the shins. Some specimens have indistinct tarsal folds, and the skin on the ventral surface is not smooth, with small warts. The coloration varies greatly, with males being blackish-green on the back during the breeding season, and having light-colored markings on the sides. Females have a lighter back color, with creamy-yellow parotoid glands, and sometimes oblique black longitudinal stripes along the sides from behind the eyes. The ventral surface is creamy-yellow with brown or black fine lines. Male individuals are smaller, with black nuptial pads on the inner three fingers and no vocal sacs.2. Himalayan Newt: The body length is 7-10cm, with males slightly smaller. The head is high, with the width greater than the length, a rounded snout, and prominent snout edges. The nostrils are close to the snout, and the distance between the eyes is greater than the distance between the nostrils. The eardrums are large, without vomerine teeth, and both the upper and lower jaws are toothless, with no notch at the rear of the tongue. There are very distinct black bony ridges or lines along the snout edge, upper edge of the eye socket, front edge of the eardrum, and upper and lower jaw edges. The top of the head is noticeably concave, with the skin closely connected to the skull. The forelimbs are slender, with slightly flattened fingers and toes, and black tips at the ends. The finger length sequence is 3, 1, 4, 2, with paired nodules below the finger joints, and large outer palmar tubercles and slightly smaller inner ones, both brown. The hind limbs are short, with the tibiotarsal joint reaching behind the shoulders, and the heels not meeting. The feet are shorter than the shins, with webbing between the toes forming a half-web, and indistinct nodules below the joints. The inner metatarsal tubercle is slightly larger than the outer one. The skin is extremely rough, with small warts scattered throughout the body, except for the top of the head, which is wart-free. There are long oval parotoid glands on both sides of the head, and two vertically arranged rows of relatively regular large warts from the back of the head to the tail along the midline. Large Himalayan newts have small spines covering the ventral surface. The coloration varies greatly, generally being yellow-brown with slight reddish-brown markings. Males have black nuptial pads on the inner bases of the first and second fingers, and a single subgular vocal sac. Distribution area.

1、中华大蟾蜍：分布于东北、华北、华东、华中及陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、贵州等地。2、黑眶蟾蜍：分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。道地产区

1. Bufo gargarizans: Distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, Central China, as well as Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Guizhou, and other regions.2. Bufo melanostictus: Distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions. These are their native habitats.

主产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、宁夏等地。销全国。人工制造
Mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia and other regions. Sold nationwide. Artificially manufactured.

1、生活习性：喜隐蔽于泥穴中、潮湿石下、草丛内、水沟边。皮肤易失水分，故白天多潜伏隐蔽，夜晚及黄昏出来活动。成年蟾蜍多集群在水底泥沙内或陆地潮湿土壤下越冬。停止进食，以体内贮存的肝糖来维持最低的新陈代谢，到翌年气温回升到10-20℃时，才结束冬眠。夜间捕食、活动，以甲虫，蛾类，蜗牛，蝇蛆等为食。人工饲养繁殖比其他蛙类容易。2、繁殖技术：蟾蜍种源可从野外捕获，也可以捞取卵块或蝌蚪进行饲养。每年春末夏初，5-8月份为蟾蜍的产卵季节。在气温升至6-8℃时，蟾蜍即开始雌雄抱对，人工养殖时雌雄比例以3∶1为宜，受精率可达90%以上。温度在16℃时便可产卵。每次产卵量大约在5000枚左右。一般呈双行排列在管状胶质卵带内，卵带可长达几米，缠绕在水生植物上。人工孵化时水温应控制在10-30℃之间，以18-24℃为宜。并随时注意调节水温。若遇寒流或暴雨天气，可用塑料薄膜覆盖。经过3-4d即可孵化出小蝌蚪。小蝌蚪生活在水中常成群向一个方向游动。3、饲养管理：建立蟾蜍饲养场要靠近水源，四周有草，可利用池塘、水沟或田埂作为饲养池。场地四周应筑围墙，墙内留有草坪、菜地，以供蟾蜍栖息及活动。池中有水草生长，稀密适宜。另外，在棉田和稻田中也可以散养。蟾蜍的蝌蚪在孵出2-3d内开始吃食，先以卵膜为食，以后吃一些动植物碎屑、水中的微生物和浮游生物。蝌蚪的食物有腐殖质、猪牛粪、糠麸、蔬菜、嫩草、鱼类及畜禽粪、生熟废弃物等。蝌蚪变态成幼蛙后，即以活饵为食。可以培养蚯蚓、蝇蛆等各种昆虫，也可以用诱虫灯诱引各种昆虫，供蟾蜍食用。蝌蚪池水深要保持在0.2-0.4m深，注意及时排水，水温在16-28℃时为生长发育最适温度。随着蝌蚪的生长变大，要注意及时分池，一般经过2个月后开始变态成幼蛙。幼蛙饲养要注意密度不宜过大，每1㎡放养30-50只为宜。要防止逃失和天敌侵害。在阳光强烈时，可以喷洒水以防皮肤干燥。在秋末即要为蟾蜍准备好越冬场所，可以在饲养池的角落处堆放干草使其越冬，北方寒冷可另建越冬温室或越冬深水池，池水应比冰冻层大1倍为宜。

1. Habits: The toad prefers to hide in mud burrows, under damp rocks, in grassy areas, and along the edges of water ditches. Its skin is prone to water loss, so it tends to remain hidden during the day and becomes active at night and at dusk. Adult toads often gather in clusters to hibernate in the mud and sand at the bottom of water bodies or in damp soil on land. They stop feeding and rely on stored liver glycogen to maintain minimal metabolism. They end their hibernation when the temperature rises to 10-20°C the following year. They hunt and feed at night, preying on beetles, moths, snails, and fly larvae, among other things. They are easier to breed in captivity compared to other frog species.2. Breeding Techniques: Toads can be captured from the wild for breeding, or their egg masses or tadpoles can be collected for rearing. The toad's spawning season typically occurs from late spring to early summer, between May and August. When the temperature reaches 6-8°C, the toads begin to pair off for mating. In captive breeding, a male-to-female ratio of 3:1 is ideal, with a fertilization rate of over 90%. Eggs can be laid at a temperature of 16°C. Each spawning can yield around 5,000 eggs, typically arranged in double rows within gelatinous egg bands that can extend for several meters, entwined around aquatic plants. When artificially hatching the eggs, the water temperature should be maintained between 10-30°C, with 18-24°C being optimal. The water temperature should be adjusted as needed, and in case of cold spells or heavy rain, a plastic film can be used to cover the breeding area. Tadpoles typically hatch within 3-4 days and live in water, often swimming in groups in one direction.3. Rearing Management: Establishing a toad breeding facility should be close to a water source, with grassy surroundings, and can utilize ponds, water ditches, or field ridges as breeding pools. The perimeter of the facility should be enclosed with walls, leaving space inside for grassy areas and vegetable plots for the toads to inhabit and move around. The pool should have moderate growth of aquatic plants. Additionally, toads can also be raised in cotton and rice fields. Tadpoles begin feeding 2-3 days after hatching, initially consuming egg membranes, followed by various organic and inorganic debris, microorganisms, and plankton in the water. After metamorphosing into young frogs, they feed on live prey. Various insects such as earthworms and fly larvae can be cultivated for their consumption, or insects can be attracted using light traps. The depth of the tadpole pool should be maintained at 0.2-0.4 meters, with timely drainage, and the optimal temperature for growth and development is between 16-28°C. As the tadpoles grow larger, they should be separated into different pools in a timely manner, typically beginning to metamorphose into young frogs after 2 months. The density of young frog rearing should not be too high, with an ideal stocking density of 30-50 per square meter. Measures should be taken to prevent escape and protect them from natural predators. When exposed to strong sunlight, spraying water can prevent their skin from drying out. By late autumn, suitable hibernation places should be prepared for the toads. Dry hay can be piled in the corners of the breeding pool for hibernation, and in colder regions, a separate hibernation greenhouse or deep hibernation pool should be constructed, with the pool water being twice the size of the frozen layer.