石蒟，中药名。为胡椒科植物毛石蒟PipermartiniiC.DC.的枝叶。分布于广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。具有祛风除湿，散寒止痛，止咳，消疳之功效。用于风湿痹证，腰膝冷痛，跌打肿痛，劳伤久咳，疳积。
Shi-ju, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. PipermartiniiC.DC.) refers to the branches and leaves of the plant belonging to the family Piperaceae. It is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions. It has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, dispersing cold and relieving pain, stopping cough, and eliminating accumulation. It is used for conditions such as rheumatic arthralgia, cold and painful lower back and knees, bruises and swelling, prolonged cough due to overexertion, and accumulation syndrome.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，散寒止痛，止咳，消疳。
Dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, dispersing cold and relieving pain, stopping cough, and resolving indigestion.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹证，腰膝冷痛，跌打肿痛，劳伤久咳，疳积。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, cold pain in the lower back and knees, swelling and pain from falls or blows, chronic cough due to strain, and pediatric malnutrition (indigestion).

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-15g. External use: appropriate amount, fresh herb pounded for topical application.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采摘，鲜用或晒干。
Harvesting and processing: collected in spring and summer, used fresh or sun-dried.

药材鉴别 Herbal Identification

药材性状：茎枝扁圆柱形，表面黑褐色，有纵棱，常具稀疏硬毛，节膨大，生有不定根；质轻脆，断面黄白色，木部有多数小孔，中心有灰褐色的髓。叶多皱缩，青绿色，展平后卵状披针形或狭椭圆形，长4-12cm，宽1.5-4cm；叶背有稀疏毛茸，叶脉7条，最上1对离基从中脉发出；叶柄长1-2cm，有硬毛，具叶鞘。有时可见花序轴带毛的穗状花序，长度约为叶片的2倍。气香，味辛辣。以叶多、枝嫩、色青绿、气味浓者为佳。
The stem is flat cylindrical, dark brown in color, with longitudinal ridges, often sparsely covered with stiff hairs, and swollen at the nodes with adventitious roots. It is light and brittle in texture, with a yellowish-white cross-section, numerous small pores in the wood, and gray-brown pith in the center. The leaves are wrinkled, green, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic when flattened, 4–12 cm long and 1.5–4 cm wide; the leaf backs are sparsely hairy, with 7 veins, the uppermost pair diverging from the midrib near the base. Petioles are 1–2 cm long, hairy, with sheaths. Occasionally, a hairy spike-like inflorescence axis may be seen, about twice the length of the leaf. It has a fragrant aroma and a pungent taste. High-quality material has abundant leaves, tender branches, bright green color, and strong fragrance.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：胡椒科植物毛石蒟。
Species: Piper hongkongense C. DC., a plant of the Piperaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

攀援藤本；枝通常被微硬毛，有纵棱，干时常变黑色。叶纸质，无明显腺点，卵状披针形或狭椭圆形，下部的稀有为卵形，长5-14厘米，宽2-5厘米，顶端渐尖，基部短狭，稍不等，腹面无毛，背面被微硬毛，毛有时脱落变稀疏；叶脉7条，最上1对互生或近对生，离基1-1.5厘米从中脉发出，余者均基出，最外1对细弱而短；叶柄长1-2厘米，被微硬毛；叶鞘长为叶柄的1/4-1/3。花单性，雌雄异株，聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。雄花序通常远长于叶片，有时可达叶片的2倍；总花梗被毛，长为叶柄的2.5-3倍；花序轴被疏毛；苞片圆形，近无柄，盾状，直径1-1.2毫米；雄蕊3枚，花药肾形，2裂，比花丝略短。雌花序长1.5-3厘米，于果期延长可达6厘米；总花梗远长于叶柄，长2-4.2厘米，被毛；苞片和花序轴与雄花序的无异，苞片柄在果期不延长，被疏毛；子房离生，顶端尖，柱头3-4，线形。浆果幼时顶端锥尖，成熟时近球形，直径约3毫米，无毛，有疣状凸起。花期2-6月。
Climbing vine; stems usually covered with fine stiff hairs, with longitudinal ridges, turning black when dry. Leaves are papery, without obvious glandular dots, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic (lower ones occasionally ovate), 5–14 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, apex gradually tapering, base narrowly wedge-shaped and slightly unequal. Upper surface glabrous, lower surface sparsely covered with fine stiff hairs that may fall off and become sparse. Seven veins present; the uppermost pair alternate or nearly opposite, arising 1–1.5 cm above the base from the midvein; the remaining veins all basal, the outermost pair slender and short. Petiole 1–2 cm long, pubescent; sheath 1/4 to 1/3 the length of the petiole. Flowers unisexual, plants dioecious, arranged in spike-like inflorescences opposite the leaves. Male spikes much longer than leaves, sometimes up to twice as long; peduncle hairy, 2.5–3 times the length of the petiole; rachis sparsely hairy; bracts circular, nearly sessile, shield-shaped, 1–1.2 mm in diameter; stamens 3, anthers kidney-shaped, 2-lobed, slightly shorter than filaments. Female spikes 1.5–3 cm long, elongating to 6 cm in fruit; peduncle much longer than petiole, 2–4.2 cm, hairy; bracts and rachis similar to those in male spikes, bract stalks not elongating in fruit, sparsely hairy; ovaries free, apex pointed, stigma 3–4, linear. Fruit a berry, conical when young, nearly spherical when mature, about 3 mm in diameter, glabrous, with wart-like projections. Flowering from February to June.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。
Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于密林或疏林中溪涧边，常攀援于树上或岩石上。
Found along streams in dense or sparse forests, often climbing on trees or rocks.