白背小报春，中药名。为报春花科植物白背小报春Primula hypoleuca Hand.-Mazz.[P.forbesii Franch.subsp.hypoleuca（Hand.-Mazz.）W.W.Smith et Forr.]的全草。具有清热解毒，活血止痛的功效。主治肺热咳嗽，口舌糜烂，咽喉红肿，目赤肿痛，小便淋沥涩痛，跌打瘀肿，风湿痹痛。
Bai-bei-xiao-bao-chun, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Primula hypoleuca Hand.-Mazz.) is the whole plant of Primula hypoleuca Hand.-Mazz. [P. forbesii Franch. subsp. hypoleuca (Hand.-Mazz.) W.W.Smith et Forr.], a plant in the Primulaceae family. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain. It is used to treat conditions such as hot cough, oral ulcers, throat inflammation, red and painful eyes, painful and difficult urination, bruises, swelling, rheumatic arthritis, and pain.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，活血止痛。
Clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

肺热咳嗽，口舌糜烂，咽喉红肿，目赤肿痛，小便淋沥涩痛，跌打瘀肿，风湿痹痛。
Lung heat cough, oral ulcers, throat redness and swelling, red and painful eyes, painful and scanty urination, bruises and swelling from falls, and rheumatic pain.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g；或浸酒。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g; or soak in alcohol. External use: Apply an appropriate amount of fresh product by mashing and applying.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：4月采收全草，鲜用或晒干。
The whole plant is harvested in April and can be used fresh or dried.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：报春花科植物白背小报春。
The plant belongs to the Primulaceae family and is known as Primula hypoleuca (White-Backed Little Primrose).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

草本。全株无毛。根茎短，具多数粗根，顶端生出叶丛或有时发出短茎。叶柄具狭翅，长1.5-6cm，通常稍长于叶片；叶片长圆形或椭圆形，长15-45mm，宽10-25mm，先端圆形，基部圆截形或微呈心形，边缘波状浅裂，裂片阔圆齿状，下面被白粉，中肋稍宽，侧脉5-6对。
Herbaceous. The whole plant is hairless. The rhizome is short, with numerous thick roots, and produces a cluster of leaves at the top or sometimes a short stem. The petiole has narrow wings, 1.5-6cm long, usually slightly longer than the leaf blade; the leaf blade is oblong or elliptic, 15-45mm long, 10-25mm wide, with a rounded apex, a rounded or slightly cordate base, shallowly wavy margins, broadly dentate lobes, white powdery underneath, slightly wide midrib, and 5-6 pairs of lateral veins.

花葶1-2枚自叶丛中抽出，高10-25cm；伞形花序1-3轮，每轮4-10花；苞片披针形，初被白粉，至果期近于无粉；花梗纤细，长8-24mm，多少被小腺体；花萼阔钟状，长3.5-4.5mm，果时稍增大，两面被白粉而外面较密，分裂达中部，裂片三角形；花冠粉红色，冠筒长4-6mm，喉部无环状附属物，冠檐直径8-15mm，裂片阔倒卵形，先端具深凹缺；长花柱花：雄蕊着生处距冠筒基部约2mm，花柱长约3mm，几不高出花萼；短花柱花：雄蕊着生处略高于冠筒中部，花柱长约1mm。花期4月。
The flower stem emerges from the leaf cluster, 10-25cm tall; the umbel inflorescence consists of 1-3 whorls, each with 4-10 flowers; the bracts are lanceolate, initially powdery, becoming nearly powdery-free near fruiting; the flower stalk is slender, 8-24mm long, somewhat glandular; the calyx is broadly campanulate, 3.5-4.5mm long, slightly enlarged at fruiting, powdery on both sides, denser on the outside, splitting halfway, with triangular lobes; the corolla is pink, with a 4-6mm long tube, lacking an annular appendage at the throat, a 8-15mm wide limb, and broadly ovate lobes with a deep notch at the apex; in long-styled flowers, the stamens are situated about 2mm from the base of the corolla tube, and the style is about 3mm long, barely exceeding the calyx; in short-styled flowers, the stamens are slightly higher than the middle of the corolla tube, and the style is about 1mm long. Flowering period is in April.

分布区域 Distribution Area

产于昆明、大理等地，为云南特有种。
Originating from Kunming, Dali, and other areas, it is a unique species of Yunnan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1890m的湖边湿地和芦苇丛下。
Born in the wetlands and reed beds by the lakeside at an altitude of 1890 meters.