薏苡仁

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为禾本科植物薏米Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.) Stapf的干燥成熟种仁。秋季果实成熟时采割植株，晒干，打下果实，再晒干，除去外壳、黄褐色种皮和杂质，收集种仁。
Coix Seed is the dried mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.) Stapf (Fam. Gramineae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe, removed from the plant, dried, the fruit is removed, and then dried again. The seed is collected after removing the husk, yellow-brown seed coat, and impurities.

性状 Description

本品呈宽卵形或长椭圆形，长4～8mm，宽3～6mm。表面乳白色，光滑，偶有残存的黄褐色种皮；一端钝圆，另端较宽而微凹，有1淡棕色点状种脐；背面圆凸，腹面有1条较宽而深的纵沟。质坚实，断面白色，粉性。气微，味微甜。
Seeds are broadly ovoid or elongated, measuring 4-8mm long and 3-6mm wide. The surface is milky white, smooth, with occasional remnants of yellow-brown seed coat. One end is blunt and round, while the other end is wider and slightly concave, with a pale brown dot-like hilum. The back is convex, and the ventral side has a wide and deep longitudinal groove. The texture is firm, and the cut surface is white and powdery. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡类白色。主为淀粉粒，单粒类圆形或多面形，直径2～20μm，脐点星状；复粒少见，一般由2～3分粒组成。
（1）The powder of this drug is pale white. The main component is starch granules, which are either round or polyhedral, with a diameter of 2-20μm and a star-shaped hilum. Compound granules are rare and generally consist of 2-3 sub-granules.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（60～90°C）30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液，作为供试品溶液。另取薏苡仁油对照提取物，加石油醚（60～90°C）制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照提取物溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90°C）-乙醚-冰醋酸（83∶17∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照提取物色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 30ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), and sonicate for 30 minutes. Filter and collect the filtrate as the test solution. Take the Coix Seed oil reference extract, add petroleum ether (60-90°C) to make a solution containing 2mg per ml, and use it as the reference extract solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> by taking 2μl of each of the above two solutions and spotting them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. Use petroleum ether (60-90°C)-ether-acetic acid (83:17:1) as the mobile phase, develop, remove, dry, and spray with a 5% solution of vanillin sulfuric acid. Heat at 105°C until the spots are clearly visible. In the chromatogram of the test solution, spots of the same color should appear at the corresponding positions as the reference extract.

（3）取薏苡仁油对照提取物、甘油三油酸酯对照品，加〔含量测定〕项下的流动相分别制成每1ml含lmg、0.14mg的溶液，作为对照提取物、对照品溶液。照〔含量测定〕项下的色谱条件试验，分别吸取〔含量测定〕项下的供试品溶液、对照品溶液和上述对照提取物、对照品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪。供试品色谱图中，应呈现与对照品色谱峰保留时间一致的色谱峰；并呈现与对照提取物色谱峰保留时间一致的7个主要色谱峰。
（3）Take the Coix Seed oil reference extract and the glyceryl trioleate reference substance, add the mobile phase under the "[Content Determination]" section to make solutions containing 1mg and 0.14mg per ml, respectively, as the reference extract and reference substance solutions. Perform the chromatographic conditions test under the "[Content Determination]" section, and take 10μl of the test solution, reference substance solution, and the above-mentioned reference extract and reference substance solutions, and inject them into the liquid chromatograph. In the chromatogram of the test solution, chromatographic peaks with the same retention time as the reference substance should appear, and 7 major chromatographic peaks with the same retention time as the reference extract should also appear.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过15.0％（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>.

本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，含黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10μg。
The content of aflatoxin B1 in each 1000g of the product shall not exceed 5μg, and the total content of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin B1 shall not exceed 10μg.

玉米赤霉烯酮 Zearalenone

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）中玉米赤霉烯酮测定法第一法测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>, the first method for determination of zearalenone in corn.

本品每1000g含玉米赤霉烯酮不得过500μg。
The content of zearalenone in each 1000g of the product shall not exceed 500μg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用无水乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent, not less than 5.5 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-二氯甲烷（65∶35）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按甘油三油酸酯峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-dichloromethane (65:35) as the mobile phase; detect with an evaporative light scattering detector. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of glyceryl trioleate should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取甘油三油酸酯对照品适量，精密称定，加流动相制成每1ml含0.14mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of glyceryl trioleate reference standard, accurately weigh, add the mobile phase to make a solution containing 0.14mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.6g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入流动相50ml，称定重量，浸泡2小时，超声处理（功率300W，频率50kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用流动相补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.6g of the powder of the product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of the mobile phase, weigh, soak for 2 hours, treat with ultrasonic waves (power 300W, frequency 50kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with the mobile phase, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液5μl、10μl，供试品溶液5～10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，用外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Accurately aspirate 5μl and 10μl of the reference solution, and 5-10μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, determine, calculate using the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method, and obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含甘油三油酸酯（C57H104O6），不得少于0.50%。
The product, calculated on the dried basis, shall contain not less than 0.50 per cent of glyceryl trioleate (C57H104O6).

饮片 Prepared slices

薏苡仁 Coix Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate impurities.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

同药材，不得过1%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 1.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 2.0 per cent.

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

玉米赤霉烯酮 Zearalenone

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性状 Characteristics

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

麸炒薏苡仁 Stir-fried Coix Seed with bran

炮制 Processing

取净薏苡仁，照麸炒法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Take the clean Coix Seeds and fry them until they are slightly yellow according to the bran frying method <0213>.

性状 Description

本品形如薏苡仁，微鼓起，表面微黄色。
This product is shaped like Coix Seeds, slightly bulging, and the surface is slightly yellow.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过12.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 12.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 2.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含甘油三油酸酯不得少于0.40%。
Same as the crude drug, the content of glyceryl trioleate shall not be less than 0.40 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

凉。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、淡。
Sweet and bland.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃、肺经。
Spleen, stomach, and lung meridian.

功能 Actions

利水渗湿，健脾止泻，除痹，排脓，解毒散结。
Promote diuresis and leach out dampness, invigorate the spleen and stop diarrhea, eliminate obstruction, drain pus, detoxify and disperse nodules.

主治 Indications

用于水肿，脚气，小便不利，脾虚泄泻，湿痹拘挛，肺痈，肠痈，赘疣，癌肿。
Used for edema, beriberi, urinary difficulty, spleen deficiency diarrhea, damp arthralgia spasm, lung abscess, intestinal abscess, warts, and tumors.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。
9-30g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Caution for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth damage.

薏苡仁

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为禾本科植物薏苡Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. mayuen (Roman.) Stapf的干燥成熟种仁。秋季果实成熟时采割植株，晒干，打下果实，再晒干，除去外壳、黄褐色种皮和杂质，收集种仁。
Coix Seed is the dried ripe kernel of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. mayuen (Roman.) Stapf (Fam. Gramineae). The plant is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe and dried in the sun. The fruit is picked up, dried in the sun, and the kernel is separated from the shell, yellowish-brown coat, and foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈宽卵形或长椭圆形，长 4～8mm，宽3～6mm。表面乳白色，光滑，偶有残存的黄褐色种皮；一端钝圆，另端较宽而微凹，有1淡棕色点状种脐；背面圆凸，腹面有1条较宽而深的纵沟。质坚实，断面白色，粉性。气微，味微甜。
Broad ovoid or elongated-elliptical, 4-8 mm long, 3-6 mm wide. Externally milky white, smooth, occasionally with yellowish-brown testa. One end obtusely rounded, the other end relatively broad and slightly dented with 1 pale brown dotted hilum. Dorsal surface rounded and protruding; ventral surface having 1 relatively broad and deep longitudinal furrow. Texture hard, fracture white and starchy. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡类白色。主为淀粉粒，单粒类圆形或多面形，直径2～20μm，脐点星状；；复粒少见，一般由2～3分粒组成。
(1) Powder: Pale whitish. Starch granules numerous,simple granule subrounded or polyhedral, 2-20 μm in diameter, hilum stellate; compound granules seldom visible, usually consisting of 2-3 components.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（60～90℃）30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液，作为供试品溶液。另取薏苡仁油对照提取物，加石油醚（60～90℃）制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照提取物溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2ul，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙醚-冰醋酸（83：17：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) To lg of the powder add 30 ml of petroleum ether (60-90℃), ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter, use the filtrate as the test solution. Dissolve Coicis Semen Oil reference extract in petroleum ether (60-90℃) to produce a solution containing 2 mg per ml as the reference extract solution. Carry out the method for thin-layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90℃),ether and glacial acetic acid (83: 17: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, spray with 5% vanillin in sulfuric acid, and heat at 105℃ to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots obtained with the reference extract solution.

（3）取薏苡仁油对照提取物、甘油三油酸脂对照品，加〔含量测定〕项下的流动相分别制成每1ml含1mg、0.14mg的溶液，作为对照提取物、对照品溶液。照〔含量测定〕项下的色谱条件试验，分别吸取〔含量测定〕项下的供试品溶液、对照品溶液和上述对照提取物、对照品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪。供试品色谱图中，应呈现与对照品色谱峰保留时间—致的色谱峰；并呈现与对照提取物色谱峰保留时间一致的7个主要色谱峰。
(3) Dissolve a quantity of Coicis Semen oil extractives CRS and glyceryl trioleate CRS, accurately weighed, in the mobile phase obtained under the Assay to produce the reference solutions of 1 mg and 0.14 mg per ml, respectively. Carry out the method as described under the Assay, inject accurately 10 μl of each of the test solution obtained under the Assay, and the above solutions into the column. The retention time of the peaks obtained with the test solution and the reference solution is concordant with each other. The retention time of seven main peaks obtained with the test solution and the reference solution of Coicis Semen oil extractives is concordant with each other.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

照黄曲霉毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，含黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10μg。

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用无水乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent, not less than 5.5 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-二氯甲烷（65：35）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按甘油三油酸酯峰计算应不低于 5000。

饮片 Prepared slices

薏苡仁 Coix Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，稍润，切段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, spray with water, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

同药材，不得过1%。
Not more than 1 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Not more than 2.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

性状 Description

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过12.0%。
Not more than 12.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Not more than 2.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含甘油三油酸酯不得少于0.40%。
As required for the crude drug. It contains not less than 0.40 per cent of glyceryl trioleate (C57H104O6), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、淡，凉。归脾、胃、肺经。
Cool; sweet, bland. Spleen, stomach and lung meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

利水渗湿，健脾止泻，除痹，排脓，解毒散结。用于水肿，脚气，小便不利，脾虚泄泻，湿痹拘挛，肺痈，肠痈，赘疣，癌肿。
To promote urination, drain dampness, fortify the spleen, stop diarrhea, relieve impediment, expel pus, remove toxin and dissipate bind. Indicated for edema, tinea pedis, inhibited urination, diarrhea caused by spleen deficiency, spasm caused by fixed impediment, lung abscess, intestinal abscess, warts, and tumor.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～30g。
9-30 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.