罂粟壳

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为罂粟科植物罂粟Papaver somniferum L.的干燥成熟果壳。秋季将成熟果实或已割取浆汁后的成熟果实摘下，破开，除去种子和枝梗，干燥。
Papaver Fruit is the dried mature fruit capsule of Papaver somniferum L. (Fam. Papaveraceae). The drug is collected in autumn from the mature fruit or from the fruit capsule after the latex has been removed, opened, the seeds and stalks removed, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或瓶状卵形，多已破碎成片状，直径1.5～5cm，长3～7cm。外表面黄白色、浅棕色至淡紫色，平滑，略有光泽，无割痕或有纵向或横向的割痕；顶端有6～14条放射状排列呈圆盘状的残留柱头；基部有短柄。内表面淡黄色，微有光泽；有纵向排列的假隔膜，棕黄色，上面密布略突起的棕褐色小点。体轻，质脆。气微清香，味微苦。
Fruit capsule ellipsoidal or ovoid, often broken into pieces, 1.5-5cm in diameter, 3-7cm long. Outer surface yellowish-white, pale brown or pale purple, smooth, slightly shiny, without scars or with longitudinal or transverse scars; apex with 6-14 radiating, disc-shaped, persistent styles; base with short stalk. Inner surface pale yellow, slightly shiny; with false septa arranged longitudinally, brownish-yellow, covered with slightly raised, brownish dots. Light in weight, brittle in texture. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄白色。果皮外表皮细胞表面观类多角形或类方形，直径20～50μm，壁厚，有的胞腔内含淡黄色物。果皮内表皮细胞表面观长多角形、长方形或长条形，直径20～65μm，长25～230μm，垂周壁厚，纹孔和孔沟明显，有的可见层纹。果皮薄壁细胞类圆形或长圆形，壁稍厚。导管多为网纹导管或螺纹导管，直径10～70μm。韧皮纤维长梭形，直径20～30μm，壁稍厚，斜纹孔明显，有的纹孔相交成人字形或十字形。乳汁管长条形，壁稍厚，内含淡黄色物。
（1）The powder is yellowish-white. The surface view of the epidermal cells of the pericarp is polygonal or square, measuring 20-50μm in diameter, with thick walls, and some cells contain pale yellow substances in the cavity. The surface view of the endocarp epidermal cells is elongated polygonal, elongated rectangular or elongated, measuring 20-65μm in diameter and 25-230μm in length, with thick walls in the tangential direction, distinct reticulate pits and pit canals, and sometimes visible layering. The thin-walled cells of the pericarp are circular or elongated, with slightly thick walls. The vessels are mostly reticulate vessels or spiral vessels, measuring 10-70μm in diameter. The bast fibers are elongated fusiform, measuring 20-30μm in diameter, with slightly thick walls, distinct oblique pits, and some pits intersect to form a herringbone or cross shape. The latex vessels are elongated, with slightly thick walls and containing pale yellow substances.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇10ml，温浸30分钟，滤过，取滤液0.5ml置25ml量瓶中，加乙醇至刻度。照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）测定，在283nm波长处有最大吸收。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of ethanol, soak at room temperature for 30 minutes, filter, take 0.5ml of the filtrate in a 25ml volumetric flask, and add ethanol to the mark. Determine by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry<0401>. The maximum absorption is observed at a wavelength of 283nm.

（3）取本品粉末2g，加甲醇20ml，加热回流30分钟，趁热滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取吗啡对照品、磷酸可待因对照品和盐酸罂粟碱对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含1mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～4μl，分别点于同一用2%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-丙酮-乙醇-浓氨试液（20∶20∶3∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点；再依次喷以稀碘化铋钾试液和亚硝酸钠乙醇试液，显相同颜色的斑点。
（3）Take 2g of the powder, add 20ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter while hot, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take morphine CRS, codeine phosphate CRS, and papaverine hydrochloride CRS, add methanol to produce a mixed solution containing 1mg of each per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using a silica gel G plate prepared with a 2% sodium hydroxide solution as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, acetone, ethanol, and concentrated ammonia solution (20:20:3:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-4μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution. Spray successively with a solution of bismuth potassium iodide and a solution of sodium nitrite in ethanol, and observe the spots with the same colour.

检查 Examination

杂质（枝梗、种子） Impurities（Stems, seeds）

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于13.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using 70% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 13.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以辛烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.01mol/L磷酸氢二钾溶液-0.005mol/L庚烷磺酸钠溶液（20∶40∶40）为流动相；检测波长为220nm。理论板数按吗啡峰计算应不低于1000。
octyl silane bonded silica gel as filler; acetonitrile-0.01mol/L potassium phosphate dibasic solution-0.005mol/L sodium heptane sulfonate solution (20:40:40) as mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 220nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 1000 according to the morphine peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取吗啡对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加含5%醋酸的20%甲醇溶液制成每1ml含24μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of morphine reference substance, accurately weigh it, place it in a brown volumetric flask, and add 20% methanol solution containing 5% acetic acid to make a solution containing 24μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置50ml量瓶中，精密加入含5%醋酸的20%甲醇溶液25ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率20kHz）30分钟，取出，放冷，再称定重量，用含5%醋酸的20%甲醇溶液补足减失的重量，摇匀，静置，取上清液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, accurately add 25ml of 20% methanol solution containing 5% acetic acid, seal tightly, weigh it, subject it to ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 20kHz) for 30 minutes, take it out, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the lost weight with 20% methanol solution containing 5% acetic acid, shake well, let it stand, and take the supernatant.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, and inject them into the liquid chromatograph for determination.

本品按干燥品计算，含吗啡（C17H19O3N）应为0.06%～0.40%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of morphine (C17H19O3N) should be 0.06% to 0.40%.

饮片 Prepared slices

罂粟壳 Papaveris Pericarpium

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，捣碎或洗净，润透，切丝，干燥。
Eliminate impurities, crush or wash, moisten until thoroughly wet, cut into shreds, and dry in the sun.

性状 Property

本品呈不规则的丝或块。外表面黄白色、浅棕色至淡紫色，平滑，偶见残留柱头。内表面淡黄色，有的具棕黄色的假隔膜。气微清香，味微苦。
This product is irregular in shape, with a surface that is yellowish-white, light brown to pale purple, smooth, and occasionally with residual stigma. The inner surface is light yellow, and some have brownish-yellow false septa. It has a slight fragrance and a slightly bitter taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

蜜罂粟壳 Honey-fried Papaveris Pericarpium

炮制 Processing

蜜罂粟壳取净罂粟壳丝，照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至放凉后不粘手。
Take clean papaveris pericarpium shreds, process them according to the method of honey-frying <0213>, and fry them until they are cool and non-sticky.

性状 Property

本品形如罂粟壳丝，表面微黄色，略有黏性，味甜，微苦。
This product is similar to papaveris pericarpium shreds, with a slightly yellowish surface, slight stickiness, sweet taste, and slight bitterness.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于18.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 18.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

酸、涩。
Sour and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、大肠、肾经。
Lung, large intestine, kidney meridian.

功能 Actions

敛肺，涩肠，止痛。
To astringe the lung, bind the intestines, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于久咳，久泻，脱肛，脘腹疼痛。
Used for chronic cough, chronic diarrhea, prolapse of the anus, and epigastric pain.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

有毒。本品易成瘾，不宜常服；孕妇及儿童禁用；运动员慎用。
Toxic. This product is addictive and should not be taken frequently. It is contraindicated for pregnant women and children. Athletes should use it with caution.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, and protect against moth damage.

罂粟壳

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为罂粟科植物罂粟Papaver somniferum L.的干燥成熟果壳。秋季将成熟果实或已割取浆汁后的成熟果实摘下，破开，除去种子和枝梗，干燥。
Poppy Capsule is the dried pericarp of ripe fruit of Papaver somniferum L. (Fam. Papaveraceae ). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe and juice removed, broken, removed from seeds, branches, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或瓶状卵形，多已破碎成片状，直径1.5～5cm，长3～7cm。外表面黄白色、浅棕色至淡紫色，平滑，略有光泽，无割痕或有纵向或横向的割痕；顶端有6～14条放射状排列呈圆盘状的残留柱头；基部有短柄。内表面淡黄色，微有光泽；有纵向排列的假隔膜，棕黄色，上面密布略突起的棕褐色小点。体轻，质脆。气微清香，味微苦。
Ellipsoidal or bottle-like ovoid, mostly broken to pieces, 1. 5-5 cm in diameter, 3-7 cm long. Outer surface yellowish-white, pale brown to pale purple, smooth, somewhat lustrous, with longitudinal or transverse cutting scars. At the apex bearing 6-14 remains of stigmate, arranged radially, dish-shaped, and a short stalk at the base. Inner surface pale yellow, somewhat lustrous, with longitudinally arranged brownish-yellow false septa, bearing numerous slightly prominent and brown dots. Texture light and fragile. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄白色。果皮外表皮细胞表面观类多角形或类方形，直径20～50μm，壁厚，有的胞腔内含淡黄色物。果皮内表皮细胞表面观长多角形、长方形或长条形，直径20～65μm，长25～230μm，垂周壁厚，纹孔和孔沟明显，有的可见层纹。果皮薄壁细胞类圆形或长圆形，壁稍厚。导管多为网纹导管或螺纹导管，直径10～70μm。軔皮纤维长梭形，直径20～30μm，壁稍厚，斜纹孔明显，有的纹孔相交成人字形或十字形。乳汁管长条形，壁稍厚，内含淡黄色物。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇10ml，温浸30分钟，滤过，取滤液0.5ml置25ml量瓶中，加乙醇至刻度。照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）测定，在283nm波长处有最大吸收。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

（枝梗、种子）不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于13.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201,the hot extraction method>,using 70% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 13.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

罂粟壳 Poppy Capsule

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，捣碎或洗净，润透，切丝，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, break to pieces, alternatively, wash clean, soak well, cut into slivers and dry.

本品呈不规则的丝或块。外表面黄白色、浅棕色至淡紫色，平滑，偶见残留柱头。内表面淡黄色，有的具棕黄色的假隔膜。气微清香，味微苦。
In irregular slivers or pieces. Externally yellowish-white, pale brown to pale purple, smooth, remains of stigma occasionally visible. The inner surface pale yellow, somewhat lustrous, with longitudinally arranged brownish-yellow false septa. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】（水分）【浸出物】【含量测定】同药材。
【Examination】(Water) (Extractives) (Assay) As required for the crude drug.

蜜罂粟壳 Poppy Capsule (stir-baked with honey)

取净罂粟壳丝，照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至放凉后不粘手。
Stir-bake the clean slivers of Poppy Capsule as described under the method for stir-baking with honey <0213> to unsticky after cooling.

本品形如罂粟壳丝，表面微黄色，略有黏性，味甜，微苦。【浸出物】同药材，不得少于18.0%。
Similar to the slivers in shape, externally slightly yellow, somewhat with sticky. Taste, sweet and slightly bitter. (Extractives) As required for the crude drug, not less than 18.0%.

性 Property

酸、涩，平；有毒。
Neutral; sour, astringent; toxic.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、大肠、肾经。
Lung, large intestine and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

敛肺，涩肠，止痛。
To astringe the lung and the intestines, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于久咳，久泻，脱肛，脘腹疼痛。
Chronic cough, chronic diarrhea, prolapse of the rectum, and pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

本品易成瘾，不宜常服；孕妇及儿童禁用；运动员慎用。
Additive, avoid frequent administration. Contraindicated during pregnancy and in child, Used cautiously for athletes.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.