淫羊藿

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为小檗科植物淫羊藿Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. 、箭叶淫羊藿Epimedium sagittatum（Sieb. et Zucc.）Maxim. 、柔毛淫羊藿Epimedium pubescens Maxim. 或朝鲜淫羊藿Epimedium koreanum Nakai的干燥叶。夏、秋季茎叶茂盛时采收，晒干或阴干。
Epimedium Leaf is the dried leaf of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim., Epimedium pubescens Maxim., or Epimedium koreanum Nakai (Fam. Berberidaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the stems and leaves are luxuriant, then dried in the sun or shade.

性状 Description

淫羊藿 Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.

二回三出复叶；小叶片卵圆形，长3～8cm，宽2～6cm；先端微尖，顶生小叶基部心形，两侧小叶较小，偏心形，外侧较大，呈耳状，边缘具黄色刺毛状细锯齿；上表面黄绿色，下表面灰绿色，主脉7～9条，基部有稀疏细长毛，细脉两面突起，网脉明显；小叶柄长1～5cm。叶片近革质。气微，味微苦。
2 back and 3 compound leaves; leaflets ovate, 3~8cm long, 2~6cm wide; apex slightly pointed, apical leaflet base heart-shaped, both sides of leaflets smaller, eccentric, outer large, ear-shaped, margins with yellow hair-like fine serrations; upper surface yellow-green, lower surface gray-green, main veins 7~9, sparsely slender hairs at the base, thin veins protruding on both sides, reticular veins obvious; petioles 1~5cm long. Leaves nearly leathery. The breath is slight and the taste is slightly bitter.

箭叶淫羊藿 Epimedium sagittatum（Sieb. et Zucc.）Maxim.

一回三出复叶，小叶片长卵形至卵状披针形，长4～12cm，宽2.5～5cm；先端渐尖，两侧小叶基部明显偏斜，外侧多呈箭形。下表面疏被粗短伏毛或近无毛。叶片革质。
The leaflets are ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4~12cm long and 2.5~5cm wide; The lower surface is sparsely covered with stubby short pubic hairs or nearly glabrous. Leathery leaves.

柔毛淫羊藿 Epimedium pubescens Maxim.

一回三出复叶；叶下表面及叶柄密被绒毛状柔毛。
One back and three compound leaves; The lower surface of the leaf and petiole are densely pubescent.

朝鲜淫羊藿 Epimedium koreanum Nakai

二回三出复叶；小叶较大，长4～10cm，宽3.5～7cm，先端长尖。叶片较薄。
Two back and three out compound leaves; The leaflets are larger, 4~10cm long, 3.5~7cm wide, and the apex is long and pointed. The blades are thinner.

鉴别 Identification

（1）淫羊藿的叶表面观：上、下表皮细胞垂周壁深波状弯曲，沿叶脉均有异细胞纵向排列，内含1～多个草酸钙柱晶；下表皮气孔众多，不定式，有时可见非腺毛。
（1）The leaf surface view of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. is as follows: the vertical periperiphery walls of the upper and lower epidermal cells are deeply wavy and curved, and there are heterocytes arranged longitudinally along the leaf veins, containing 1~multiple calcium oxalate column crystals; The lower epidermal stomata are numerous and infinitive, sometimes with non-glandular hairs.

箭叶淫羊藿的叶表面观：上、下表皮细胞较小；下表皮气孔较密，具有多数非腺毛脱落形成的疣状突起，有时可见非腺毛。
Leaf surface view of Epimedium sagittatum（Sieb. et Zucc.）Maxim. : upper and lower epidermal cells are smaller; The lower epidermis is densely stomatal with wart-like protrusions formed by the loss of most non-glandular hairs, and sometimes non-glandular hairs.

柔毛淫羊藿的叶表面观：下表皮气孔较稀疏，具有多数细长的非腺毛。
Leaf surface view of Epimedium pubescens Maxim. : the lower epidermal stomata are sparse and have many elongated non-glandular hairs.

朝鲜淫羊藿的叶表面观：下表皮气孔和非腺毛均易见。
Leaf surface view of Epimedium koreanum Nakai: the lower epidermal stomata and non-glandular hairs are easy to see.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙醇10ml，温浸30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取淫羊藿苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶H薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-丁酮-甲酸-水（10︰1︰1︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干。置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的暗红色斑点；喷以三氯化铝试液，再置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，显相同的橙红色荧光斑点。
（2）Take 0.5g of the powder of this product, add 10ml of ethanol, soak it for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 1ml of ethanol to the residue to dissolve it as a test solution. In addition, icariin reference was taken and methanol was added to make a solution containing 0.1mg per ml as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography <0502> test, 10 μl of each of the above two solutions were absorbed, respectively on the same silica gel H thin layer plate, and ethyl acetate-butanone-formic acid-water (10: 1: 1: 1) was used as the developing agent, expanded, taken out and dried. Under ultraviolet light (365nm), the same dark red spots were shown in the chromatogram of the test sample at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance; Sprayed with aluminum trichloride test solution and then inspected under ultraviolet lamp (365nm), the same orange-red fluorescent spots were displayed.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过3.0%（通则2301）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

总黄酮 Total flavonoids

精密量取〔含量测定〕总黄酮醇苷项下的供试品溶液0.5ml，置50ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，作为供试品溶液。另取淫羊藿苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含10μg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。分别取供试品溶液和对照品溶液，以相应试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在270nm波长处测定吸光度，计算，即得。
0.5ml of the test solution under the item of total flavonol glycosides was accurately measured, placed in a 50ml measuring flask, methanol was added to the scale, and shaken well as the test solution. In addition, an appropriate amount of icariin reference substance was taken, weighed accurately, and methanol was added to make a solution containing 10μg per 1ml as a reference solution. Take the test solution and the reference solution respectively, take the corresponding reagent as the blank, and measure the absorbance at 270nm wavelength according to ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry <0401>, and calculate.

本品按干燥品计算，叶片含总黄酮以淫羊藿苷（C33H40O15）计，不得少于5.0%。
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the total flavonoids contained in the leaves are calculated as icariin (C33H40O15), which shall not be less than 5.0%.

总黄酮醇苷 Total flavonol glycosides

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
It was determined by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂（柱长为250mm，内径为4.6mm）；以乙腈为流动相A，水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；柱温为30 ℃；检测波长为270nm。理论板数按淫羊藿苷峰计算应不低于8000。
Octacyl silane bonded silica gel was used as filler (column length 250mm, inner diameter 4.6mm), acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, water was used as mobile phase B, gradient elution was carried out as specified in the table below, and the column temperature was 30 °C. The detection wavelength is 270nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 8000 according to the calculation of icariin peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取淫羊藿苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含40μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of icariin reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 40 μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品叶片，粉碎过三号筛，取约0.2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇20ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率400W，频率50kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用稀乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take the leaves of this product, crush through the No. 3 sieve, take about 0.2g, weigh it accurately, place it in a plugged Erlenmeyer flask, add 20ml of dilute ethanol accurately, weigh it, sonicate it (power 400W, frequency 50kHz) for 1 hour, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with dilute ethanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate to obtain it.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定。以淫羊藿苷对照品为参照，以其相应的峰为S峰，计算朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C峰的相对保留时间，其相对保留时间应在规定值的±5%范围之内。相对保留时间及校正因子见下表。
10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and determined. Taking icariin reference and taking the corresponding peak as the S peak, the relative retention time of the peaks of Picaridine A, Pilaridine B and Picaridine C was calculated, and the relative retention time should be within the range of ±5% of the specified value. The relative retention time and correction factors are shown in the table below.

以淫羊藿苷对照品为对照，分别乘以校正因子，计算朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷的含量。
The contents of icariin A, bacaridine B, quichoidine C and icariin were calculated by multiplying the correction factor respectively.

本品按干燥品计算，叶片含朝藿定A（C39H50O20）、朝藿定B（C38H48O19）、朝藿定C（C39H50O19）和淫羊藿苷（C33H40O15）的总量，朝鲜淫羊藿不得少于0.50%；淫羊藿、柔毛淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿均不得少于1.5%.
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the total amount of leaves containing Epimedium A (C39H50O20), Epimidine B (C38H48O19), Epimedium C (C39H50O19) and Icariin (C33H40O15) shall not be less than 0.50%; Epimedium vulgaris, epimedium pubescent goat weed, and arrowleaf epimedium shall not be less than 1.5%.

饮片 Prepared slices

淫羊藿 Epimedium Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，摘取叶片，喷淋清水，稍润，切丝，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,spray with Water , soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈丝片状。上表面绿色、黄绿色或浅黄色，下表面灰绿色，网脉明显，中脉及细脉凸出，边缘具黄色刺毛状细锯齿。近革质。气微，味微苦。
This product is in the form of filamentous flakes. The upper surface is green, yellow-green or light yellow, the lower surface is grayish-green, the veins are distinct, the midrib and veins are convex, and the margins are finely serrated with yellow spines. Near-leathery. The breath is slight and the taste is slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（除叶表面观外）同药材。
（Except for the surface view of leaves）Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

炙淫羊藿 Roast Epimedium Leaf

炮制 Processing

取羊脂油加热熔化，加入淫羊藿丝，用文火炒至均匀有光泽，取出，放凉。
Take the mutton fat oil and heat it to melt, add the shredded epimedium weed, fry it over low heat until it is uniform and shiny, take it out, and let it cool.

　　每100kg淫羊藿，用羊脂油（炼油）20kg。
For every 100kg of epimedium weed, 20kg of lanolin oil (oil refining) is used.

性状 Description

本品形如淫羊藿丝。表面浅黄色显油亮光泽。微有羊脂油气。
This product is shaped like epimedium silk. The surface is light yellow and shiny. There is a slight mutton fat oil and gas.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。不得过8.0%。
Same as the crude drug. Not more than 8.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
It was determined by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取宝藿苷I对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含10μg的溶液，即得。淫羊藿苷对照品溶液同药材〔含量测定〕总黄酮醇苷项下。
Take an appropriate amount of icariin I reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 10μg per ml. Icariin reference solution is the same as that of medicinal materials [content determination] under the item of total flavonol glycosides.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定。以外标法计算宝藿苷I含量，朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷的含量计算方法同药材。
10μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and determined. The content of icariin I was calculated by the external standard method, and the content of picariin A, bacaridine B, quichoidine C and icariin were calculated in the same way as those of herbal medicines.

本品按干燥品计算，含宝藿苷I（C27H30O10）不得少于0.030%；含朝藿定A（C39H50O20）、朝藿定B（C38H48O19）、朝藿定C（C39H50O19）和淫羊藿苷（C33H40O15）的总量，朝鲜淫羊藿不得少于0.40%，淫羊藿、柔毛淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿均不得少于1.2%。
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the content of icariin I (C27H30O10) shall not be less than 0.030%; The total amount of Epimedium A (C39H50O20), Epimedium B (C38H48O19), Epimedium C (C39H50O19) and Icariin (C33H40O15) shall not be less than 0.40%, and Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium pubescens, and Epimedium arrowleaf shall not be less than 1.2%.

鉴别 Identification

（除叶表面观外）同药材。
（Except for the surface view of leaves）Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛，甘。
Pungent and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

补肾阳，强筋骨，祛风湿。
To tonify the kidney yang, strengthen the tendons and bones, and dispel wind and dampness.

主治 Indications

用于肾阳虚衰，阳痿遗精，筋骨痿软，风湿痹痛，麻木拘挛。
Used for kidney yang deficiency, impotence and premature ejaculation, weakness of the tendons and bones, rheumatic arthralgia, and numbness and spasm.

用量 Dosage

6～10g。
6-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

淫羊藿

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为小檗科植物淫羊藿Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.、箭叶淫羊藿Epimedium sagittatum（Sieb.et Zucc.）Maxim.、柔毛淫羊藿Epimedium pubescens Maxim.或朝鲜淫羊藿Epimedium koreanum Nakai的干燥叶。夏、秋季茎叶茂盛时采收，晒干或阴干。
Epimedium Leaf is the dried leaf of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb.et Zucc.) Maxim., Epimedium pubescens Maxim. or Epimedium koreanum Nakai (Fam. Berberidaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when foliage branch growing luxuriantly, and dried in the sun or in the shade.

性状 Description

淫羊藿
三出复叶；小叶片卵圆形，长3～8cm，宽2～6cm；先端微尖，顶生小叶基部心形，两侧小叶较小，偏心形，外侧较大，呈耳状，边缘具黄色刺毛状细锯齿；上表面黄绿色，下表面灰绿色，主脉7～9条，基部有稀疏细长毛，细脉两面突起，网脉明显；小叶柄长1～5cm。叶片近革质。气微，味微苦。

箭叶淫羊藿
三出复叶，小叶片长卵形至卵状披针形，长4～12cm，宽2.5～5cm；先端渐尖，两侧小叶基部明显偏斜，外侧呈箭形。下表面疏被粗短伏毛或近无毛。叶片革质。

柔毛淫羊藿
叶下表面及叶柄密被绒毛状柔毛。

朝鲜淫羊藿
小叶较大，长4～10cm，宽3.5～7cm，先端长尖。叶片较薄。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面观：淫羊藿
上、下表皮细胞垂周壁深波状弯曲，沿叶脉均有异细胞纵向排列，内含1～多个草酸钙柱晶；下表皮气孔众多，不定式，有时可见非腺毛。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过3.0%（通则2301）。
Not more than 3 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the cold maceration method>, using dilute ethanol TS as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

总黄酮
精密量取淫羊藿苷测定项下的供试品溶液0.5ml，置50ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，作为供试品溶液。另取淫羊藿苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含10μg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。分别取供试品溶液和对照品溶液，以相应试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在270nm波长处测定吸光度，计算，即得。

饮片 Prepared slices

淫羊藿 Epimedium Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，稍润，切丝，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, pick the leaves, spray with water, soften slightly, cut into slivers and dry.

本品呈丝片状。上表面绿色、黄绿色或浅黄色，下表面灰绿色，网脉明显，中脉及细脉凸出，边缘具黄色刺毛状细锯齿。近革质。气微，味微苦。
In slivers. Upper surface green, yellowish-green or pale yellow, lower surface greyish-green, reticulated veins, distinct, main and fine veins prominent, margin with yellow and thorny serrulations. Subleathery. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含淫羊藿苷（C33H40O15）不得少于0.40%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.40 per cent of icariine (CHO), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除叶表面观外）【检查】（总灰分）同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug except for surface view of leaf.

炙淫羊藿 Epimedium Leaf (stir-baked)

取羊脂油加热熔化，加入淫羊藿丝，用文火炒至均匀有光泽，取出，放凉。
每100kg淫羊藿，用羊脂油（炼油）20kg。

本品形如淫羊藿丝。表面浅黄色显油亮光泽。微有羊脂油气。
As described for Epimedii Folium under Processing. Externally pale yellow, fatty lustrous. Slight sebum odour.

【检查】水分
同药材，不得过8.0%。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、甘，温。归肝、肾经。
Warm; pungent, sweet.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

补肾阳，强筋骨，祛风湿。用于肾阳虚衰，阳痿遗精，筋骨痿软，风湿痹痛，麻木拘挛。
To tonify the kidney yang, strengthen sinew and bone, dispel wind-dampness.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～10g。
6-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.