商陆

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为商陆科植物商陆Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. 或垂序商陆Phytolacca americana L.的干燥根。秋季至次春采挖，除去须根和泥沙，切成块或片，晒干或阴干。
Phytolacca Root is the dried root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. or Phytolacca americana L. (Fam. Phytolaccaceae). The drug is collected from autumn to the next spring, removed from root hairs and sand, cut into pieces or slices, and dried in the sun or shade.

性状 Description

本品为横切或纵切的不规则块片，厚薄不等。外皮灰黄色或灰棕色。横切片弯曲不平，边缘皱缩，直径2～8cm；切面浅黄棕色或黄白色，木部隆起，形成数个突起的同心性环轮。纵切片弯曲或卷曲，长5～8cm，宽1～2cm，木部呈平行条状突起。质硬。气微，味稍甜，久嚼麻舌。
Irregular pieces or slices, cut transversely or longitudinally, varying in thickness. Outer surface greyish-yellow or greyish-brown. Transverse section curved and uneven, margin wrinkled, diameter 2-8 cm; cut surface light yellowish-brown or yellowish-white, wood raised, forming several concentric rings of protuberances. Longitudinal section curved or curled, 5-8 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, wood appearing as parallel bar-shaped protuberances. Texture hard. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet, chewing causing numbness of the tongue.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞数列至10余列。栓内层较窄。维管组织为三生构造，有数层同心性形成层环，每环有几十个维管束。维管束外侧为韧皮部，内侧为木质部；木纤维较多，常数个相连或围于导管周围。薄壁细胞含草酸钙针晶束，并含淀粉粒。
（1）Transverse section of the product: several to more than 10 columns of cork cells. The inner layer of cork is narrow. The vascular tissue is tricotyledonous, with several layers of concentric laminar rings, each ring has dozens of vascular bundles. The vascular bundles are ligamentous on the outside and xylem on the inside; the wood fibres are more numerous and are often connected or surrounded by the ducts. The thin-walled cells contain bundles of calcium oxalate needles and starch grains.

粉末灰白色。商陆 草酸钙针晶成束或散在，针晶纤细，针晶束长40～72μm，尚可见草酸钙方晶或簇晶。木纤维多成束，直径10～20μm，壁厚或稍厚，有多数十字形纹孔。木栓细胞棕黄色，长方形或多角形，有的含颗粒状物。淀粉粒单粒类圆形或长圆形，直径3～28μm，脐点短缝状、点状、星状和人字形，层纹不明显；复粒少数，由2～3分粒组成。
Powder grey-white. Phytolacca Root calcium oxalate needle crystals in bundles or scattered, needle crystal fibre, needle crystal bundle length 40～72μm, also can see calcium oxalate square crystals or clusters of crystals. Wood fibres are bundled, 10-20μm in diameter, thick or slightly thick walled, with most cross-shaped pores. The cork cells are brownish-yellow, oblong or polygonal, some containing granules. Starch grains single grains oblong or oblong, 3～28μm in diameter, umbilical point short slit, dotted, stellate and herringbone, laminar pattern is not obvious; compound grains are few, composed of 2～3 grains.

垂序商陆 草酸钙针晶束稍长，约至96μm；无方晶和簇晶。
Phytolacca americana Calcium oxalate needle-crystal bundles slightly longer, to ca. 96 μm; no square crystals or clusters.

（2）取本品粉末3g，加稀乙醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和〔含量测定〕项下的对照品溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（7︰3︰1）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 3g of the powder add 25 ml of diluted ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (7:3:1) as the lower layer solution. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the test solution and the Reference solution under the "Assay" section. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2 per cent<2301>.

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于10.0%。
Not less than 10.0% as determined by the cold leaching method under the Determination of water-soluble leachate <2201>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.4%冰醋酸溶液（70︰30）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按商陆皂苷甲峰计算应不低于2000。
Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; methanol-0.4% glacial acetic acid solution (70:30) was used as mobile phase; and evaporative light scattering detector was used for detection. Theoretical plate number should be not less than 2000 according to the calculation of esculentoside A peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取商陆皂苷甲对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，即得。
Take esculentoside A control appropriate amount, precision weighing, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, that is to obtain.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率500W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用稀乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take the powder of this product (through the third sieve) about 1g, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision add 25ml of dilute ethanol, weighing, ultrasonic treatment (power 500W, frequency of 40kHz) for 30 minutes, cooled, and then weighing, with dilute ethanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, and take the filtrate, that is, the product.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl、20μl，供试品溶液20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，用外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Precisely aspirate 10μl and 20μl of the control solution and 20μl of the test solution respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, measure, and calculate with the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method, it is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含商陆皂苷甲（C42H66O16）不得少于0.15%。
This product contains not less than 0.15% of esculentoside A (C42H66O16) calculated as dried product.

饮片 Prepared slices

生商陆 Phytolacca Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片或块，干燥。
Remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick slices or pieces and dry.

醋商陆 Phytolacca Root（processed with vinegar）

炮制 Processing

取商陆片（块），照醋炙法（通则0213）炒干。
Take the slices (pieces) of Phytolacca Root, according to the vinegar-roasted method (Tongzhi 0213), fried dry.

每100kg商陆，用醋30kg。
For every 100kg of Phytolacca Root, use 30kg of vinegar.

性状 Description

本品形如商陆片（块）。表面黄棕色，微有醋香气，味稍甜，久嚼麻舌。
This product is shaped like a slice (block) of Phytolacca Root. The surface is yellowish brown, slightly vinegar aroma, slightly sweet taste, long chewing numb tongue.

检查 Examination

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 2.0 per cent.

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于15.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含商陆皂苷甲（C42H66O16）不得少于0.20%。
Same as the crude drug, containing esculentoside A (C42H66O16) shall not be less than 0.20%.

鉴别 Identification

（2）同药材。
(2)Same as the crude drug

性 Property

寒；有毒。
Cold; toxic.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾、肾、大肠经。
Lung, spleen, kidney and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

逐水消肿，通利二便；外用解毒散结。
Expelling water and subduing swellings, and facilitating the flow of stools; used externally to remove toxins and disperse knots.

主治 Indications

用于水肿胀满，二便不通；外治痈肿疮毒。
Used for oedema and fullness, incontinence; external treatment of carbuncles, swellings and sores.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。外用适量。
3-9 g. Apply externally in appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

无。煎汤熏洗。
None.Decoction and fumigation.

注意 Precautions

孕妇禁用。
Contraindicated for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Place in a dry place to prevent mould and moth.

商陆

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为商陆科植物商陆Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.或垂序商陆Phytolacca americana L.的干燥根。秋季至次春采挖，除去须根和泥沙，切成块或片，晒干或阴干。
Pokeberry Root is the dried root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. or Phytolacca americana L. (Fam. Phytolaccaceae). The drug is collected from autumn to next spring, removed from rootlet and soil, cut into slice or piece, and dried in the sun or in the shade.

性状 Description

本品为横切或纵切的不规则块片，厚薄不等。外皮灰黄色或灰棕色。横切片弯曲不平，边缘皱缩，直径2～8cm；切面浅黄棕色或黄白色，木部隆起，形成数个突起的同心性环轮。纵切片弯曲或卷曲，长5～8cm，宽1～2cm，木部呈平行条状突起。质硬。气微，味稍甜，久嚼麻舌。
Irregular slices or pieces cut transversely or longitudinally, varying in thickness. The outer bark greyish-yellow or greyish-brown. Transversely cut pieces tortuous, with shrunken edges, 2-8 cm in diameter. Cut surface pale yellowish-brown or yellowish-white, wood prominent, forming several bulged concentric rings. Longitudinally cut pieces curved or rolled, 5-8 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, wood showing parallel, bulged stripes. Texture hard. Odour, slight； taste, slightly sweet and numb after chewing for a long time.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞数列至10余列。栓内层较窄。维管组织为三生构造，有数层同心性形成层环，每环有几十个维管束。维管束外侧为韧皮部，内侧为木质部；木纤维较多，常数个相连或围于导管周围。薄壁细胞含草酸钙针晶束，并含淀粉粒。
粉末灰白色。商陆草酸钙针晶成束或散在，针晶纤细，针晶束长40～72μm，尚可见草酸钙方晶或簇晶。木纤维多成束，直径10～20μm，壁厚或稍厚，有多数十字形纹孔。木栓细胞棕黄色，长方形或多角形，有的含颗粒状物。淀粉粒单粒类圆形或长圆形，直径3～28μm，脐点短缝状、点状、星状和人字形，层纹不明显；复粒少数，由2～3分粒组成。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.5 per cent<2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the cold maceration method>, not less than 10.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>,

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.4%冰醋酸溶液（70：30）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按商陆皂苷甲峰计算应不低于2000。

对照品溶液的制备
取商陆皂苷甲对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率500W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用稀乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl、20μl，供试品溶液20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，用外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含商陆皂苷甲（C42H66O16）不得少于0.15%。
It contains not less than 0.15 per cent of esculentoside A (C42H66O16) , calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

商陆 Pokeberry

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片或块，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices or pieces, and dry.

醋商陆 Pokeberry (processed with vinegar)

取商陆片（块），照醋炙法（通则0213）炒干。
每100kg商陆，用醋30kg。

检查 Examination

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 2.0 per cent.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于15.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含商陆皂苷甲（C42H66O16）不得少于0.20%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.20 per cent of esculentoside A (C42H66O16).

鉴别 Identification

（2）【检查】（水分）同药材。
(2) To 3 g of the powder add 25 ml of dilute ethanol, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter and use the filtrate as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and the lower layer of chloroform, methanol and water (7 : 3 : 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 10 μl of the test solution and the reference solution obtained under the test of Assay to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, spray with a solution of 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol and heat to the spots clear. A spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦，寒；有毒。归肺、脾、肾、大肠经。
Cold； bitter； toxic. Meridian tropism Lung, spleen, kidney, large intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

逐水消肿，通利二便；外用解毒散结。用于水肿胀满，二便不通；外治痈肿疮毒。
To expel water, disperse swelling, unblock urination and defecation； topical application： Remove toxin and dissipate bind. Indications Edema distention, fullness, constipation and annuria； Topical application： swelling abscess, sore and toxin.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～9g。外用适量，煎汤熏洗。
3-9 g. Appropriate amount for topical application. It can be decocted for fuming-washing therapy.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇禁用。
Contraindicated for pregnant woman.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from mould and moth.