鹿衔草

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鹿蹄草科植物鹿蹄草Pyrola calliantha H.Andres 或普通鹿蹄草Pyrola decorate H.Andres 的干燥全草。全年均可采挖，除去杂质，晒至叶片较软时，堆置至叶片变紫褐色，晒干。
Pyrola Herb is the dried aerial part of Pyrola calliantha H.Andres or Pyrola decorate H.Andres (Fam. Pyrolaceae). It is collected throughout the year, removed from impurities, dried until the leaves are slightly soft, piled until the leaves turn purplish-brown, and then dried.

性状 Description

本品根茎细长。茎圆柱形或具纵棱，长10～30cm。叶基生，长卵圆形或近圆形，长2～8cm，暗绿色或紫褐色，先端圆或稍尖，全缘或有稀疏的小锯齿，边缘略反卷，上表面有时沿脉具白色的斑纹，下表面有时具白粉。总状花序有花4～10余朵;花半下垂，萼片5，舌形或卵状长圆形；花瓣5，早落，雄蕊10，花药基部有小角，顶孔开裂；花柱外露，有环状突起的柱头盘。蒴果扁球形，直径7～10mm，5纵裂，裂瓣边缘有蛛丝状毛。气微，味淡、微苦。
Rhizome slender. Stem cylindrical or with longitudinal ridges, 10-30 cm long. Leaves basal, ovate or nearly circular, 2-8 cm long, dark green or purplish-brown, apex rounded or slightly pointed, entire or with sparse small serrations, margin slightly rolled back, upper surface sometimes with white streaks along veins, lower surface sometimes with white powder. Inflorescence terminal, with 4-10 flowers; flowers semi-pendulous, calyx lobes 5, ligulate or ovate-oblong; petals 5, early deciduous; stamens 10, anthers with small horns at base, dehiscing by apical pores; style exserted, stigma disc with annular protuberances. Capsule globose, 7-10 mm in diameter, 5-valved, with cobweb-like hairs on the margin of the valves. Odour, slight; taste, mild and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶横切面：上、下表皮细胞类方形，外被角质层。下表皮可见气孔，内方具厚角细胞5～7列。上表皮内方有厚角细胞1～3列。栅栏细胞不明显，海绵细胞类圆形，含草酸钙簇晶。主脉维管束外韧型，木质部呈新月形，韧皮部窄。薄壁细胞含红棕色或棕黄色物。
（1）Transverse section of leaf: Epidermal cells of upper and lower surfaces nearly square, covered with cuticle. Stomata visible in lower epidermis, with 5-7 rows of thick-walled cells on the inner side. 1-3 rows of thick-walled cells on the inner side of upper epidermis. Laticiferous cells not distinct. Spongy cells nearly circular, containing cluster crystals of calcium oxalate. Vascular bundles of midrib collateral, xylem crescent-shaped, phloem narrow. Thin-walled cells containing reddish-brown or brownish-yellow substances.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取鹿衔草对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶H薄层板上，以甲苯-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（5︰4︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 1 g of the powder add 20 ml of ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol, and take the supernatant as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference herb of Pyrola Herb, using the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel H as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (5:4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference herb.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于11.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 11.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液（5︰95）为流动相；检测波长为235nm。理论板数按水晶兰苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (5:95) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 235 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of crystalloglycoside should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取水晶兰苷对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含0.25mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of crystalloglycoside reference substance, accurately weigh, add water to make a solution containing 0.25 mg per ml, and obtain the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粗粉约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加水50ml，称定重量，在80℃水浴中提取1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液20ml，减压浓缩至干，残渣加水适量使溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 2 g of the coarse powder of the test substance, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, add 50 ml of water accurately weighed, weigh again, extract in a water bath at 80°C for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up the loss in weight with water, shake well, filter, accurately measure 20 ml of the filtrate, concentrate under reduced pressure to dryness, dissolve the residue in a suitable amount of water, transfer to a 5 ml volumetric flask, add water to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 5 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含水晶兰苷（C16H22O11）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of crystalloglycoside (C16H22O11) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

鹿衔草 Pyrola Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切段。
Eliminate Foreign matter, cut into sections.

性状 Description

本品为不规则的段或碎片。茎圆柱形，表面棕褐色至黑褐色，有的具纵棱。叶多破碎，完整者长卵圆形或近圆形，表面黄褐色至紫褐色，先端圆或稍尖，全缘或有稀疏的小锯齿，边缘略反卷，上表面有时沿脉具白色的斑纹。气微，味淡、微苦。
The product is irregular segments or fragments. Stem terete, surface brownish brown to blackish brown, some with longitudinal ribs. Leaves are mostly broken, the intact ones are oblong-ovoid or suborbicular, with yellow-brown to purple-brown surface, rounded or slightly pointed apex, entire or sparsely serrulate, margin slightly revolute, upper surface sometimes with white mottling along the veins. Slightly odourless, tastes pale and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，强筋骨，止血，止咳。
To dispel wind and dampness, strengthen tendons and bones, stop bleeding, and relieve cough.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，肾虚腰痛，腰膝无力，月经过多，久咳劳嗽。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, lumbago due to kidney deficiency, weakness of the waist and knees, excessive menstruation, and chronic cough.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防潮。
Store in a dry place, moisture-proof.

鹿衔草

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鹿蹄草科植物鹿蹄草Pyrola calliantha H.Andres或普通鹿蹄草Pyrola decorate H.Andres的干燥全草。全年均可采挖，除去杂质，晒至叶片较软时，堆置至叶片变紫褐色，晒干。
Pyrola Herb is the dried herb of Pyrola calliantha H.Andres or Pyrola decorata H.Andres (Fam.Pyrolaceae). The drug is collected all the year round, removed from foreign matter, dried in the sun until the leaf relatively soft, piled up until the leaf turns purplish-brown, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品根茎细长。茎圆柱形或具纵棱，长10～30cm。叶基生，长卵圆形或近圆形，长2～8cm，暗绿色或紫褐色，先端圆或稍尖，全缘或有稀疏的小锯齿，边缘略反卷，上表面有时沿脉具白色的斑纹，下表面有时具白粉。总状花序有花4～10余朵；花半下垂，萼片5，舌形或卵状长圆形；花瓣5，早落，雄蕊10，花药基部有小角，顶孔开裂；花柱外露，有环状突起的柱头盘。蒴果扁球形，直径7～10mm，5纵裂，裂瓣边缘有蛛丝状毛。气微，味淡、微苦。
Rhizomes slender.Stems cylindrical or with longitudinal ridges, 10-30 cm long.Leaves basal, long-ovate or subrounded, 2-8 cm long, dark green or purplish-brown, apex rounded or slightly acute, margin entire or sparsely serrulate, edges slightly curved, the upper surface sometimes bearing white stripes along the veins, the lower surface sometimes covered with white powder.Racemes, flowers 4-10 or more, half-nodding, calyx 5, tongue-shaped or ovate-oblong; petals 5, deciduous, stamens 10, anthers with small angles at the base, dehiscing by terminal pores; style exerted, with a prominent and ring-shaped stigma disk.Capsules oblate, 7-10 mm in diameter, 5-dehiscent longitudinally, with spider-thread-shaped hairs on the edges of segments.Odour, slight; taste, weak, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶横切面：上、下表皮细胞类方形，外被角质层。下表皮可见气孔，内方具厚角细胞5～7列。上表皮内方有厚角细胞1～3列。栅栏细胞不明显，海绵细胞类圆形，含草酸钙簇晶。主脉维管束外韧型，木质部呈新月形，韧皮部窄。薄壁细胞含红棕色或棕黄色物。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取鹿衔草对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶H薄层板上，以甲苯-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（5：4：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于11.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractive <2201, the hot extraction method using dilute ethanol as the solvent>, not less than 11.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液（5：95）为流动相；检测波长为235nm。理论板数按水晶兰苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution (5: 95) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 235 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 3000, calculated with reference to the peak of monotropein.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取水晶兰苷对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含0.25mg的溶液，即得。
Dissolve a quantity of monotropein CRS, accurately weighed, in water to produce a solution containing 0.25 mg per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粗粉约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加水50ml，称定重量，在80℃水浴中提取1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液20ml，减压浓缩至干，残渣加水适量使溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Weigh accurately 2 g of the powder to a stoppered conical flask. Add accurately 50 ml of water, weigh, and heat at 80℃ on a water bath for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, compensate the loss of the weight with water, mix well, and filter. Measure accurately 20 ml of the successive filtrate, evaporate in vacuum to dryness, dissolve the residue in a quantity of water, transfer to a 5 ml volumetric flask, add water to volume, and mix well as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Inject accurately 5 μl of me reference solutionand the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含水晶兰苷（C16H22O11）不得少于0.10%。
It contains not less than 0.10 per cent of monotropein (CHO), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

鹿衔草 Pyrola Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切段。
Eliminate foreign matter, and cut into sections.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet, bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，强筋骨，止血，止咳。
To dispel wind-dampness, strengthen sinews and bones, stop bleeding, and suppress cough.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，肾虚腰痛，腰膝无力，月经过多，久咳劳嗽。
Painful bi disorder caused by wind-dampness, lumbago caused by kidney deficiency, weakness in the lower back and knees, profuse menstruation, chronic cough and cough caused by consumptive disease.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
N/A.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moisture.