菟丝子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为旋花科植物南方菟丝子Cuscuta australis R.Br.或菟丝子Cuscuta chinensis Lam.的干燥成熟种子。秋季果实成熟时采收植株，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Cuscuta Seed is the dried mature seed of Cuscuta australis R.Br. or Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Fam. Convolvulaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe, the plant is dried in the sun, the seeds are removed, and impurities are eliminated.

性状 Description

本品呈类球形，直径1～2mm。表面灰棕色至棕褐色，粗糙，种脐线形或扁圆形。质坚实，不易以指甲压碎。气微，味淡。
Seeds spherical or nearly so, 1-2 mm in diameter; externally greyish-brown to brownish-black,rough, with a linear or elliptical hilum. Texture hard, not easily crushed under the finger-nail. Odour, slight; taste, insipid.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品少量，加沸水浸泡后，表面有黏性；加热煮至种皮破裂时，可露出黄白色卷旋状的胚，形如吐丝。
(1) Take a small amount of the drug, soak it in boiling water, and it becomes sticky on the surface; when heated and boiled until the seed coat ruptures, a yellowish-white coiled embryo can be exposed, resembling silk.

（2）本品粉末黄褐色或深褐色。种皮表皮细胞断面观呈类方形或类长方形，侧壁增厚；表面观呈圆多角形，角隅处壁明显增厚。种皮栅状细胞成片，断面观2列，外列细胞较内列细胞短，具光辉带，位于内侧细胞的上部；表面观呈多角形，皱缩。胚乳细胞呈多角形或类圆形，胞腔内含糊粉粒。子叶细胞含糊粉粒及脂肪油滴。
(2) The powder is yellowish-brown or dark brown. The epidermal cells of the seed coat are square or rectangular in cross section, with thickened side walls; the surface view is polygonal, and the corners of the angles have obvious thickened walls. The seed coat has a palisade-like cell arrangement, with 2 rows in cross section, the outer row of cells is shorter than the inner row, and a bright band is present, located in the upper part of the inner cells; the surface view is polygonal and wrinkled. The endosperm cells are polygonal or nearly circular, with starch grains in the cell cavity. The cotyledon cells contain starch grains and oil droplets.

（3）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇40ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至5ml，作为供试品溶液。另取菟丝子对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取金丝桃苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以甲醇-冰醋酸-水（4︰1︰5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(3) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 40ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, concentrate the filtrate to 5ml as the test solution. Take another 0.5g of the reference drug, prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Take the reference substance of aucubin, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per ml as the reference substance solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using polyamide film as the coating substance and a mixture of methanol, glacial acetic acid, and water (4:1:5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-2 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of aluminium chloride in chloroform, examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference substance.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（17︰83）为流动相；检测波长为360nm。理论板数按金丝桃苷峰计算应不低于5000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (17:83) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 360 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of aucubin should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取金丝桃苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含48μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference substance solution: Take an appropriate amount of aucubin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 48μg per ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）1g，精密称定，置50ml量瓶中，加80%甲醇40ml，超声处理（功率500W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，加80%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution: Take 1g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of the drug, accurately weigh, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, add 40ml of 80% methanol, ultrasonicate (power 500W, frequency 40kHz) for 1 hour, cool, add 80% methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Method: Precisely aspirate 10μl of the reference substance solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含金丝桃苷（C21H20O12）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of aucubin (C21H20O12) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

菟丝子 Cuscuta Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, and dry.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

盐菟丝子 Cuscuta Seed (stir-baked with salt-water)

炮制 Processing

取净菟丝子，照盐炙法（通则0213）炒至微鼓起。
Take clean Cuscuta seeds, according to the salt-roasted method <0213> fried until slightly bulging.

性状 Description

本品形如菟丝子，表面棕黄色，裂开，略有香气。
This product is shaped like cuscuta seed, with a brownish-yellow surface, cracked and slightly fragrant.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

辛、甘。
Pungent and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾、脾经。
Liver, kidney, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

补益肝肾，固精缩尿，安胎，明目，止泻；外用消风祛斑。
To tonify the liver and kidney, consolidate essence and reduce urination, secure the fetus, improve vision, stop diarrhea; externally used to dispel wind and remove spots.

主治 Indications

用于肝肾不足，腰膝酸软，阳痿遗精，遗尿尿频，肾虚胎漏，胎动不安，目昏耳鸣，脾肾虚泻；外治白癜风。
Used for liver and kidney deficiency, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, impotence and premature ejaculation, frequent urination and enuresis, kidney deficiency with leakage of essence, restless fetus, blurred vision and tinnitus, spleen and kidney deficiency with diarrhea; externally used for vitiligo.

用量 Dosage

6～12g。外用适量。
6-12 g. For external use, an appropriate amount is used.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

菟丝子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为旋花科植物南方菟丝子Cuscuta australis R.Br.或菟丝子Cuscuta chinensis Lam.的干燥成熟种子。秋季果实成熟时采收植株，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Dodder Seed is the dried ripe seed of Cuscuta australis R. Br.or Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Fam. Convolvulaceae). The plant is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe, dried in the sun, the seed is collected and removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈类球形，直径1～2mm。表面灰棕色至棕褐色，粗糙，种脐线形或扁圆形。质坚实，不易以指甲压碎。气微，味淡。
Subspherical, 1-2 mm in diameter. Externally greyish-brown or brown, rough, with linear or flattened rounded raphe. Texture hard, difficult to break with finger. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品少量，加沸水浸泡后，表面有黏性；加热煮至种皮破裂时，可露出黄白色卷旋状的胚，形如吐丝。
（2）本品粉末黄褐色或深褐色。种皮表皮细胞断面观呈类方形或类长方形，侧壁增厚；表面观呈圆多角形，角隅处壁明显增厚。种皮栅状细胞成片，断面观2列，外列细胞较内列细胞短，具光辉带，位于内侧细胞的上部；表面观呈多角形，皱缩。胚乳细胞呈多角形或类圆形，胞腔内含糊粉粒。子叶细胞含糊粉粒及脂肪油滴。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（17：83）为流动相；检测波长为360nm。理论板数按金丝桃苷峰计算应不低于5000。

对照品溶液的制备
取金丝桃苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含48μg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过四号筛）1g，精密称定，置50ml量瓶中，加80%甲醇40ml，超声处理（功率500W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，加80%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含金丝桃苷（C21H20O12）不得少于0.10%。
It contains not less than 0.10 per cent of hyperoside (C21H20O12), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

菟丝子 Dodder Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, and dry.

性状 Description

【性状】【鉴别】【检查】【含量测定】同药材。
Description and Identification As required for the crude drug.

盐菟丝子 Dodder Seed (stir-baked with salt-water)

取净菟丝子，照盐炙法（通则0213）炒至微鼓起。
Cuscutae Semen (stir-baked with salt-water) Stir-bake the clean Foeniculi Fructus as described under the method for stir-baking with salt-water <0213> until seeds become slightly convex.

本品形如菟丝子，表面棕黄色，裂开，略有香气。
Similar to cuscutae semen in shape. Externally brownish yellow, broken and slightly aromatic.

【鉴别】【检查】【含量测定】同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、甘，平。归肝、肾、脾经。
Neutral; pungent, sweet. Meridian tropism Liver, kidney and spleen meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

补益肝肾，固精缩尿，安胎，明目，止泻；外用消风祛斑。
To tonify and replenish the liver and kidney, secure essence, reduce urination, prevent miscarriage, improve vision, and stop diarrhear; Topical application: disperse wind and resolve macule.

主治 Indications

用于肝肾不足，腰膝酸软，阳痿遗精，遗尿尿频，肾虚胎漏，胎动不安，目昏耳鸣，脾肾虚泻；外治白癜风。
Deficiency of liver-kidney, soreness and weakness in the lower back and knees, impotence and seminal emission, enuresis and frequent urination, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy caused by kidney deficiency, threatened miscarriage, blurred vision, tinnitus, diarrhea caused by spleen-kidney deficiency; Topical application: vitiligo.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～12g。外用适量。
6-12 g; Appropriate amount for topical application.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.