桑螵蛸

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为螳螂科昆虫大刀螂Tenodera sinensis Saussure、小刀螂Statilia maculata（Thunberg）或巨斧螳螂Hierodula patellifera（Serville）的干燥卵鞘。以上三种分别习称“团螵蛸”、“长螵蛸”及“黑螵蛸”。深秋至次春收集，除去杂质，蒸至虫卵死后，干燥。
Mantis Oötheca is the dried oötheca of Tenodera sinensis Saussure, Statilia maculata (Thunberg), or Hierodula patellifera (Serville) (Fam. Mantidae). The three kinds are respectively known as "Tuanpiaoxiao", "Changpiaoxiao", and "Heipiaoxiao". They are collected in late autumn to early spring, impurities removed, steamed until the eggs are dead, and dried.

性状 Description

团螵蛸 略呈圆柱形或半圆形，由多层膜状薄片叠成，长2.5～4cm，宽2～3cm。表面浅黄褐色，上面带状隆起不明显，底面平坦或有凹沟。体轻，质松而韧，横断面可见外层为海绵状，内层为许多放射状排列的小室，室内各有一细小椭圆形卵，深棕色，有光泽。气微腥，味淡或微咸。
Tuanpiaoxiao is slightly cylindrical or semi-circular, composed of multiple layers of membranous thin sheets, 2.5-4 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. The surface is light yellow-brown, with indistinct raised bands on the upper side and flat or grooved on the lower side. It is light in weight, loose and tough in texture. The transverse section shows a spongy outer layer and many radially arranged small chambers in the inner layer, each containing a small oval egg, dark brown and glossy. It has a slight fishy odor and a mild or slightly salty taste.

长螵蛸 略呈长条形，一端较细，长2.5～5cm，宽1～1.5cm。表面灰黄色，上面带状隆起明显，带的两侧各有一条暗棕色浅沟和斜向纹理。质硬而脆。
Changpiaoxiao is slightly elongated, with one end narrower, 2.5-5 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide. The surface is grayish-yellow, with distinct raised bands on the upper side, and each side of the band has a dark brown shallow groove and oblique texture. It is hard and brittle in texture.

黑螵蛸 略呈平行四边形，长2～4cm，宽1.5～2cm。表面灰褐色，上面带状隆起明显，两侧有斜向纹理，近尾端微向上翘。质硬而韧。
Heipiaoxiao is slightly parallelogram-shaped, 2-4 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide. The surface is grayish-brown, with distinct raised bands on the upper side and oblique texture on both sides. It slightly curls upward near the tail end. It is hard and tough in texture.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末浅黄棕色。斯氏液装片，卵黄颗粒较多，淡黄色，类圆形，直径40～150μm，表面具不规则颗粒状物或凹孔。水合氯醛装片，卵鞘外壁碎片不规则，淡黄棕色至淡红棕色，表面具大小不等的圆形空腔，并有少量枸橼酸钙柱晶；卵鞘内层碎片淡黄色或淡黄棕色，密布大量枸橼酸钙柱晶，柱晶直径2~10μm，长至20μm。
The powder of Mantis Oötheca is light yellow-brown. In the slide prepared with Schizochytrium liquid, there are more yolk particles, which are light yellow, round, with a diameter of 40-150 μm, and irregular granules or concave holes on the surface. In the slide prepared with hydrated chloral hydrate, the fragments of the outer wall of the oötheca are irregular, ranging in color from light yellow-brown to light reddish-brown, with round cavities of different sizes on the surface, and a small amount of calcium citrate columnar crystals; the fragments of the inner layer of the oötheca are light yellow or light yellow-brown, densely covered with a large number of calcium citrate columnar crystals, with a diameter of 2-10 μm and a length of up to 20 μm.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

桑螵蛸 Mantis Oötheca

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，蒸透，干燥。用时剪碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, steam thoroughly, dry, and cut into pieces when used.

性状 Description

本品形如药材。表面浅黄褐色至灰褐色。气微腥，味淡或微咸。
This product is shaped like a medicine. The surface is light yellowish brown to greyish brown. It has a slightly fishy smell and a light or slightly salty taste.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

固精缩尿，补肾助阳。
To consolidate essence and reduce urination, tonify the kidney and assist yang.

主治 Indications

用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，小便白浊。
Used for spermatorrhea, enuresis with frequent urination, and turbid urine.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

桑螵蛸

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为螳螂科昆虫大刀螂Tenodera sinensis Saussure、小刀螂 Statilia maculata（Thunberg） 或巨斧螳螂 Hierodula patellifera （Serville）的干燥卵鞘。以上三种分别习称“团螵蛸”、“长螵蛸”及“黑螵蛸”。深秋至次春收集，除去杂质，蒸至虫卵死后，干燥。
Mantis Egg-Case is the dried egg capsule of Tenodera sinensis Saussure, Statilia maculata (Thunberg) or Hierodula patellifera (Serville) (Fam. Mantidae), commonly known as “Tianpiaoxiao”,“Changpiaoxiao”', and “Heipiaoxiao”, respectively. The drug is collected from late autumn to next spring, removed from foreign matter, killed eggs by steaming, and dried.

性状 Description

团螵蛸 略呈圆柱形或半圆形，由多层膜状薄片叠成，长2.5～4cm，宽2～3cm。表面浅黄褐色，上面带状隆起不明显，底面平坦或有凹沟。体轻，质松而韧，横断面可见外层为海绵状，内层为许多放射状排列的小室，室内各有一细小椭圆形卵，深棕色，有光泽。气微腥，味淡或微咸。
Changpiaoxiao Somewhat cylindric or semi-spheroidal ,consisting of many layers of thin overlapping membranous slices, 2.5-4 cm long, 2-3 cm wide. Externally pale yellowish-brown, the upper side with inconspicuous ribbon-like ridge, the bottom side even or grooved. Texture light, lax and tenacious. The outer part of the transverse cut surface spongy, the inner part with numerous radially arranged cells each with a minute ellipsoidal egg, eggs dark brown, lustrous. Odour, slightly stinking； taste, weak or slightly salty.

长螺蛸 略呈长条形，一端较细，长2.5～5cm，宽1～1.5cm。表面灰黄色，上面带状隆起明显，带的两侧各有一条暗棕色浅沟和斜向纹理。质硬而脆。
Changpiaoxiao Somewhat slat-shaped, narrow at one end, 2.5-5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide. Externally greyish-yellow, the upper side with conspicuous ribbon-like ridge, each side of the ridge with one dark brown shallow groove and oblique striations. Texture hard and fragile

黑螵蛸 略呈平行四边形，长2～4cm，宽1.5～2cm。表面灰褐色，上面带状隆起明显，两侧有斜向纹理，近尾端微向上翘。质硬而韧。
Heipiaoxiao Somewhat tetragonal, 2-4 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide. Externally greyish-brown, the upper side with conspicuous ribbon-like ridge, each side of the ridge with oblique striations, the caudal end slightly curved upward. Texture hard and tenacious.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末浅黄棕色。斯氏液装片，卵黄颗粒较多，淡黄色，类圆形，直径40～150μm，表面具不规则颗粒状物或凹孔。水合氯醛装片，卵鞘外壁碎片不规则，淡黄棕色至淡红棕色，表面具大小不等的圆形空腔，并有少量枸橼酸钙柱晶；卵鞘内层碎片淡黄色或淡黄棕色，密布大量枸橼酸钙柱晶，柱晶直径2～10μm，长至20μm。
Powder: Pale yellowish-brown. Mount with glycerin-acetic acid TS and examine microscopically, yolk grains abundant, yellowish, subrounded, 40-150 μm in diameter, surface with irregular granules or pits. Mount with chloral hydrate TS and examine microscopically, the fragments of the outer wall of egg capsules irregular, yellowish to red brownish, surface with rounded cavities varying in size, also with a few of column crystal o£ citric acid； the fragments of the inner wall of egg capsules yellowish or yellow brownish, with plentiful of column crystal of citric acid, column crystal 2-10 μm in diameter, up to 20 μm in length.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832 , method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8. 0 per cent<2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>,

饮片 Prepared slices

桑螵蛸 Mantis Egg-Case

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，蒸透，干燥。用时剪碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, steam thoroughly, dry. Cut into pieces before use.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet, salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

固精缩尿，补肾助阳。
To secure essence and reduce urination, tonify the kidney, and assist yang.

主治 Indications

用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，小便白浊。
Seminal emission, enuresis, frequent urination, and urine with white turbidity.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated dry place, and protect from moth.