威灵仙

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为毛茛科植物威灵仙Clematis chinensis Osbeck、棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala Pall.或东北铁线莲Clematis manshurica Rupr.的干燥根和根茎。秋季采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Clematis Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Clematis hexapetala Pall., or Clematis manshurica Rupr. (Fam. Ranunculaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, cleaned, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

威灵仙 根茎呈柱状，长1.5-10cm，直径0.3～1.5cm；表面淡棕黄色；顶端残留茎基；质较坚韧，断面纤维性；下侧着生多数细根。根呈细长圆柱形，稍弯曲，长7～15cm，直径0.1～0.3cm；表面黑褐色，有细纵纹，有的皮部脱落，露出黄白色木部；质硬脆，易折断，断面皮部较广，木部淡黄色，略呈方形，皮部与木部间常有裂隙。气微，味淡。
Root of Clematis chinensis Rhizome cylindrical, 1.5-10 cm long, 0.3-1.5 cm in diameter; surface pale brownish-yellow; apex with remnants of stem base; texture relatively firm, fracture fibrous; lower side bearing numerous fine roots. Root slender, cylindrical, slightly curved, 7-15 cm long, 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter; surface blackish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, some with exfoliated cortex exposing yellowish-white xylem; texture hard and brittle, easily broken; fracture with relatively wide cortex and pale yellowish xylem, slightly square-shaped, often with cracks between cortex and xylem. Odour, slight; taste, bland.

棉团铁线莲 根茎呈短柱状，长1～4cm，直径0.5～1cm。根长4～20cm，直径0.1～0.2cm；表面棕褐色至棕黑色；断面木部圆形。味咸。
Root of Clematis hexapetala Rhizome short and columnar, 1-4 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. Root 4-20 cm long, 0.1-0.2 cm in diameter; surface brownish-brown to brownish-black; fracture xylem circular. Taste, salty.

东北铁线莲 根茎呈柱状，长1～11cm，直径0.5～2.5cm。根较密集，长5～23cm，直径0.1-0.4cm；表面棕黑色；断面木部近圆形。味辛辣。
Root of Clematis manshurica Rhizome columnar, 1-11 cm long, 0.5-2.5 cm in diameter. Root relatively dense, 5-23 cm long, 0.1-0.4 cm in diameter; surface brownish-black; fracture xylem nearly circular. Taste, pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根横切面：威灵仙 表皮细胞外壁增厚，棕黑色。皮层宽，均为薄壁细胞，外皮层细胞切向延长；内皮层明显。韧皮部外侧常有纤维束和石细胞，纤维直径18～43μm。形成层明显。木质部全部木化。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
(1)In transverse section of the root:Clematis chinensis The epidermal cells of Clematis chinensis have thickened outer walls and are brownish-black. The cortex is wide and consists of thin-walled cells, with cells in the outer cortex elongated tangentially; the endodermis is distinct. The phloem often contains fiber bundles and stone cells, with fiber diameter of 18-43 μm. The cambium is distinct. The xylem is completely lignified. The parenchyma cells contain starch grains.

棉团铁线莲 外皮层细胞多径向延长，紧接外皮层的1～2列细胞壁稍增厚。韧皮部外侧无纤维束和石细胞。
Clematis hexapetala Outer cortex cells elongated radially, with slightly thickened walls in 1-2 cell layers adjacent to the outer cortex. No fiber bundles or stone cells in the phloem.

东北铁线莲 外皮层细胞径向延长，老根略切向延长。韧皮部外侧偶有纤维和石细胞。
Clematis manshurica Outer cortex cells elongated radially, with slightly thickened walls in old roots. Occasionally, fiber bundles and stone cells in the phloem.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇50ml，加热回流2小时，滤过，滤液浓缩至20ml，加盐酸3ml，加热回流1小时，加水10ml，放冷，加石油醚（60～90℃）25ml振摇提取，石油醚蒸干，残渣用无水乙醇10ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取齐墩果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.45mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20∶3∶0.2）为展开剂，薄层板置展开缸中预饱和30分钟，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2)To 1 g of the powder add 50 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 2 hours, filter, evaporate the filtrate to 20 ml, add 3 ml of hydrochloric acid, heat under reflux for 1 hour, add 10 ml of water, cool, extract with 25 ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C) by shaking, evaporate the petroleum ether, dissolve the residue in 10 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of oleanolic acid CRS in anhydrous ethanol to contain 0.45 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-acetic acid- formic acid (20:3:0.2) as the mobile phase. Place the plate in a developing chamber pre-saturated with the mobile phase for 30 minutes, develop, remove, dry, and spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（90∶10）为流动相；检测波长为205nm。理论板数按齐墩果酸峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (90:10) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 205 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of oleanolic acid should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取齐墩果酸对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，即得。
Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of oleanolic acid CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约4g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加乙酸乙酯适量，加热回流3小时，弃去乙酸乙酯液，药渣挥干溶剂，连同滤纸筒转移至锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用稀乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液25ml，置水浴上蒸干，残渣加2mol/L盐酸溶液30ml使溶解，加热回流2小时。立即冷却，移入分液漏斗中，用水10ml分次洗涤容器，洗液并入分液漏斗中。加乙酸乙酯振摇提取3次，每次15ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，70℃以下浓缩至近干，加甲醇溶解，转移至10ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Accurately weigh about 4 g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of the test material, place in a Soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, heat under reflux for 3 hours, discard the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate the solvent from the residue, transfer the residue together with the filter paper cylinder to a conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of dilute ethanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up the loss in weight with dilute ethanol, shake well, filter, accurately measure 25 ml of the subsequent filtrate, place on a water bath to evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 30 ml of 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid, heat under reflux for 2 hours. Immediately cool, transfer to a separating funnel, wash the container with water in portions of 10 ml, and add the washings to the separating funnel. Extract with ethyl acetate by shaking three times, each time with 15 ml, combine the ethyl acetate solutions, evaporate below 70°C to near dryness, dissolve in methanol, transfer to a 10 ml volumetric flask, dilute with methanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately aspirate 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

含量测定 Content determination

本品按干燥品计算，含齐墩果酸（C30H48O3）不得少于0.30%。
Calculate the content of oleanolic acid (C30H48O3) in the dried drug, which should not be less than 0.30%.

饮片 Prepared slices

威灵仙 Clematis Root and Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段。表面黑褐色、棕褐色或棕黑色，有细纵纹，有的皮部脱落，露出黄白色木部。切面皮部较广，木部淡黄色，略呈方形或近圆形，皮部与木部间常有裂隙。
This product is in irregular segments. The surface is blackish brown, brownish brown or brownish black with fine longitudinal lines, some of the cortex is detached, exposing the yellowish-white wood. The cut surface of the skin part is broad, the wood part is yellowish, slightly square or nearly rounded, and there is often a fissure between the skin part and the wood part.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外） 同药材。
(except in cross-section) Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、咸。
Pungent and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归膀胱经。
Bladder meridian.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，通经络。
To dispel wind and dampness, promote blood circulation, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，肢体麻木，筋脉拘挛，屈伸不利。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, numbness of limbs, spasm of tendons and collaterals, and difficulty in flexion and extension.

用量 Dosage

6～10g。
6-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

威灵仙

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为毛茛科植物威灵仙Clematis chinensis Osbeck、棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala Pall. 或东北铁线莲Clematis manshurica Rupr. 的干燥根和根茎。秋季采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Chinese Clematis Root is the dried root and rhizome of Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Clematis hexapetala Pall, or Clematis manshurica Rupr. (Fam. Ranunculaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

威灵仙
根茎呈柱状，长1.5～10cm，直径0.3～1.5cm；表面淡棕黄色；顶端残留茎基；质较坚韧，断面纤维性；下侧着生多数细根。根呈细长圆柱形，稍弯曲，长7～15cm，直径0.1～0.3cm；表面黑褐色，有细纵纹，有的皮部脱落，露出黄白色木部；质硬脆，易折断，断面皮部较广，木部淡黄色，略呈方形，皮部与木部间常有裂隙。气微，味淡。

棉团铁线莲
根茎呈短柱状，长1～4cm，直径0.5～1cm。根长4～20cm，直径0.5～1cm。根长4～20cm，直径0.1～0.2cm；表面棕褐色至棕黑色；断面木部圆形。味咸。

东北铁线莲
根茎呈柱状，长1～11cm，直径0.5～2.5cm。根较密集，长5～23cm，直径0.1～0.4cm；表面棕黑色；断面木部近圆形。味辛辣。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根横切面：
威灵仙

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
No more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
测定法

饮片 Prepared slices

威灵仙 Chinese Clematis Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into sections, and dry.

本品呈不规则的段。表面黑褐色、棕褐色或棕黑色，有细纵纹，有的皮部脱落，露出黄白色木部。切面皮部较广，木部淡黄色，略呈方形或近圆形，皮部与木部间常有裂隙。
In irregular sections. Externally blacking-brown, brown or brownish-black, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, sometimes showing yellowish-white wood where bark fallen off. Cut surface showing a broad bark part and a pale yellow wood part which somewhat squared or near rounded, often with clefts between bark and wood.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外） 【检查】 【浸出物】 【含量测定】 同药材。
Identification As required the for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

性 Property

辛、咸，温。
Warm; pungent, salty.

味 Flavor

归膀胱经。
Bladder meridian.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，通经络。
To dispel wind-dampness, unblock the meridians and collateral vessels.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，肢体麻木，筋脉拘挛，屈伸不利。
Painful bi disorder caused by wind-dampness, numbness of the limbs, hypertonicity of the sinews and vessels, inhibited joint bending and stretching.

用量 Dosage

6～10g。
6-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.