侧柏叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为柏科植物侧柏Platycladus orientalis（L.）Franco的干燥枝梢和叶。多在夏、秋二季采收，阴干。
Platycladi Cacumen is the dried branchlet and leaf of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (Fam. Cupressaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from older stem, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品多分枝，小枝扁平。叶细小鳞片状，交互对生，贴伏于枝上，深绿色或黄绿色。质脆，易折断。气清香，味苦涩、微辛。
Branchlets frequently branched; small branchlets flattened. Leaves small, scale-like, opposite, appressed to branchlets, dark green or yellowish-green. Texture brittle, easily broken. Odour, fragrant; taste, bitter and slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色。叶上表皮细胞长方形，壁略厚。下表皮细胞类方形；气孔甚多，凹陷型，保卫细胞较大，侧面观呈哑铃状。薄壁细胞含油滴。纤维细长，直径约18μm。具缘纹孔管胞有时可见。
(1) Powdered drug: yellowish-green. Epidermal cells of leaf rectangular, walls slightly thickened. Subepidermal cells nearly square; stomata numerous, sunken, guard cells larger, viewed from the side dumbbell-shaped. Thin-walled cells containing oil droplets. Fibres elongated, diameter about 18 μm. Pitted cells with bordered pits occasionally seen.

（2）取本品粉末3g，置索氏提取器中，加乙醚适量，加热回流至提取液无色，弃去乙醚液，药渣挥干乙醚，加70%乙醇50ml，加热回流1小时，趁热滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水25ml使溶解，加盐酸3ml，加热水解30分钟，立即冷却，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，用水洗涤3次，每次10ml，水浴蒸干，残渣加甲醇5ml溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取槲皮素对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述供试品溶液和对照品溶液各3μl，分别点于同一高效硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5:2:1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%三氯化铝乙醇溶液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) To 3g of the powder add a suitable amount of ether, heat under reflux until the extract is colourless, discard the ether, evaporate the residue to dryness, dissolve in 50 ml of 70% ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, filter while hot, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 25 ml of water, add 3 ml of hydrochloric acid, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, cool immediately, extract with two 20-ml portions of ethyl acetate, combine the ethyl acetate extracts, wash with water three times, each time with 10 ml, evaporate the water bath to dryness, dissolve the residue in 5 ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve quercetin CRS in ethanol to produce a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate and formic acid (5:2:1) as the upper layer mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 3 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 1% solution of aluminium chloride in ethanol, examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过6%（通则2301）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过11.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-冰醋酸（40:60:1.5）为流动相；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按槲皮苷峰计算应不低于1500。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.01mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution-glacial acetic acid (40:60:1.5) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 254nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of quercetin should not be less than 1500.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取槲皮苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of quercetin reference standard, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 50μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇20ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20ml of methanol, seal the flask, weigh, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and collect the filtrate.

测定法 Method of determination

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含槲皮苷（C21H20O11）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of quercetin (C21H20O11) should not be less than 0.10 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

侧柏叶 Platycladi Cacumen

炮制 Processing

除去硬梗及杂质。
Remove hard stems and impurities.

性状 Appearance

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

侧柏炭 Carbonized Platycladi Cacumen

炮制 Processing

取净侧柏叶，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至表面黑褐色，内部焦黄色。
Take the net side of cypress leaves, according to the method of stirring charcoal (General rule 0213) stir-fried until the surface of the black brown, the internal burnt yellow.

性状 Appearance

本品形如侧柏叶，表面黑褐色。质脆，易折断，断面焦黄色。气香，味微苦涩。
This product is shaped like cypress leaves, with a black-brown surface. It is brittle and easily broken, with a charred yellow section. It has a fragrant aroma and a slightly bitter and astringent taste.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末4g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取槲皮素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.3mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5:2:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%三氯化铝乙醇溶液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
Take 4g of the powder of this product, add 20ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue with 1ml of methanol, and use it as the test solution. Take quercetin reference standard, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.3mg per 1ml, and use it as the reference solution. Perform a thin-layer chromatography test according to the method specified in <0502>. Draw 10μl of each of the above two solutions, respectively, on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (5:2:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray with a 1% solution of aluminum chloride in ethanol, and examine under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test solution, there should be fluorescent spots of the same color at the corresponding positions as those in the chromatogram of the reference solution.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、涩。
Bitter, astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、脾经。
Belongs to the lung, liver, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

凉血止血，化痰止咳，生发乌发。
To cool the blood and stop bleeding, resolve phlegm and stop coughing, and promote hair growth and darken hair.

主治 Indications

用于吐血，衄血，咯血，便血，崩漏下血，肺热咳嗽，血热脱发，须发早白。
Used for hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, cough due to lung heat, hair loss due to blood heat, and premature graying of hair.

用量 Dosage

6～12g。
6-12g.

用法 Administration

外用适量。
For external use, use an appropriate amount.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

侧柏叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为柏科植物侧柏Platycladus orientalis（L.）Franco的干燥枝梢和叶。多在夏、秋二季采收，阴干。
Chinese Arborvitae Twig and Leaf is the dried twig and leaf of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco(Fam.Cupressaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品多分枝，小枝扁平。叶细小鳞片状，交互对生，贴伏于枝上，深绿色或黄绿色。质脆，易折断。气清香，味苦涩、微辛。
Frequently branched, twigs flattened. Leaves small, scale-shaped, decussate, close to stems, dark green or yellowish-green. Texture fragile, easily broken. Odour, delicately aromatic; taste, bitter, astringent and slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色。叶上表皮细胞长方形，壁略厚。下表皮细胞类方形；气孔甚多，凹陷型，保卫细胞较大，侧面观呈哑铃状。薄壁细胞含油滴。纤维细长，直径约18µm。具缘纹孔管胞有时可见。
（2）取本品粉末3g，置索氏提取器中，加乙醚适量，加热回流至提取液无色，弃去乙醚液，药渣挥干乙醚，加70%乙醇50ml，加热回流1小时，趁热滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水25ml使溶解，加盐酸3ml，加热水解30分钟，立即冷却，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，用水洗涤3次，每次10ml，水浴蒸干，残渣加甲醇5ml溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取槲皮素对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述供试品溶液和对照品溶液各3µl，分别点于同一高效硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5：2：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%三氯化铝乙醇溶液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过6%（通则2301）。
Not more than 6 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过11.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-冰醋酸 （40：60：1.5）为流动相；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按槲皮苷峰计算应不低于1500。

饮片 Prepared slices

侧柏叶 Chinese Arborvitae Twig and Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去硬梗及杂质。
Eliminate hard twigs and foreign matter.

性 Property

苦、涩，寒。
Bitter and astringent; cold.

味 Flavor

寒。
Cold.

归经 Meridian tropism

肺、肝、脾经。
Lung, liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

凉血止血，化痰止咳，生发乌发。
To cool the blood, stop bleeding, resolve phlegm, suppress cough, promote hair growth and blacken hairs.

主治 Indications

用于吐血，衄血，咯血，便血，崩漏下血，肺热咳嗽，血热脱发，须发早白。
Hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, bloody stool, menstrual flooding and spotting, and cough caused by lung-heat, hair loss caused by blood heat, and premature greying.

用量 Dosage

6～12g。外用适量。
6-12 g. Appropriate amount for topical application.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.