油松节

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为松科植物油松Pinus tabulieformis Carr.或马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb.的干燥瘤状节或分枝节。全年均可采收，锯取后阴干。
Pine Knot is the dried knotty or branched knot of Pinus tabulieformis Carr. or Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Fam. Pinaceae). It can be collected throughout the year, sawn and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆节段状或不规则的块状，长短粗细不一。外表面黄棕色、灰棕色或红棕色，有时带有棕色至黑棕色油斑，或有残存的栓皮。质坚硬。横截面木部淡棕色，心材色稍深，可见明显的年轮环纹，显油性；髓部小，淡黄棕色。纵断面具纵直或扭曲纹理。有松节油香气，味微苦辛。
The drug is irregularly shaped, flattened, or irregularly shaped blocks, varying in length, width, and thickness. The outer surface is yellowish-brown, grayish-brown, or reddish-brown, sometimes with brown to black-brown oil spots or residual cork. The texture is hard. The transverse section of the wood is light brown, the heartwood is slightly darker, and obvious annual rings can be seen, showing oiliness; the pith is small and light yellow-brown. The longitudinal section has a straight or twisted texture. It has the aroma of pine knot oil and a slightly bitter and pungent taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。管胞常成束，多断裂，直径10～81μm，圆形具缘纹孔明显；具缘纹孔单列于管胞壁，直径近等于管胞直径。射线管胞壁锯齿状增厚，交叉场纹孔窗格状。树脂团块不规则，棕黄色或棕红色。
（1）The powder is brownish-yellow. The tracheids are often bundled and often broken, with a diameter of 10-81μm and a round shape with obvious bordered pits; the bordered pits are arranged singly on the tracheid wall, with a diameter nearly equal to the tracheid diameter. The ray tracheid walls are serrated and the cross-field pits are window-like. The resin masses are irregular, brownish-yellow or reddish-brown.

（2）取〔含量测定〕项下的挥发油0.1ml，加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取α-松油醇对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含10μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃）-乙酸乙酯（17∶3）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以香草醛硫酸试液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 0.1ml of the volatile oil obtained under the item of "Determination of Volatile Oil", add 1ml of ethyl acetate to dissolve, as the test solution. Take α-pinene CRS, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 10μl per ml, as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (30-60°C) and ethyl acetate (17:3) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

含量测定 Determination

挥发油 Volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204甲法）测定。
The method for determination of volatile oil <2204, method A> is used to determine the volatile oil content.

本品含挥发油不得少于0.40%（ml/g）。
The volatile oil content of the drug should not be less than 0.40% (ml/g).

a-蒎烯 α-Pinene

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
The method for gas chromatography <0521> is used to determine α-pinene.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

弹性石英毛细管柱（柱长为30m，内径为0.32mm，膜厚度为0.25um）DB-5（交联5%苯基甲基聚硅氧烷为固定相）；程序升温；初始温度60℃，保持5分钟，以每分钟5℃的速率升温至160℃，然后以每分钟70℃的速率升温至300℃，保持10分钟；进样口温度为200℃；检测器温度为320℃；分流比为5：1。理论板数按a-蒎烯峰计算应不低于25000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Elastic quartz capillary column (30 m in length, 0.32 mm in inner diameter, and 0.25 μm in film thickness) DB-5 (cross-linked 5% phenylmethylpolysiloxane as the stationary phase); temperature program; initial temperature 60°C, hold for 5 minutes, increase at a rate of 5°C per minute to 160°C, then increase at a rate of 70°C per minute to 300°C, hold for 10 minutes; injection port temperature 200°C; detector temperature 320°C; split ratio 5:1. The theoretical plate number calculated from the α-pinene peak should not be less than 25000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取a-蒎烯对照品适量，精密称定，加乙醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of the reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of α-pinene reference substance, accurately weigh, add ethanol to make a solution containing 0.2 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇20ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率150W，频率50kHz，水温30℃以下）15分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of the test solution: Take about 2 g of the powder of the drug (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20 ml of ethanol, seal tightly, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 150 W, frequency 50 kHz, water temperature below 30°C) for 15 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各以1μl，注入气相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 1 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, and inject them into the gas chromatograph for determination.

本品按干燥品计算，含a-蒎烯（C10H16）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried drug, the content of α-pinene (C10H16) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，劈成薄片或小块。
Eliminate foreign matter, split into thin slices or small pieces.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的薄片或块，大小不一。外表面黄棕色、灰棕色或红棕色。体较重，质坚硬。有松节油香气，味微苦辛。
This product is in the form of irregular flakes or chunks of varying sizes. The outer surface is yellowish-brown, grayish-brown or reddish-brown. The body is heavy and hard. It has a turpentine aroma and a slightly bitter taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过9.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于22.0%。
According to the hot soak method under the alcohol-soluble extract determination method <2201>, ethanol as the solvent shall not be less than 22.0%.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

入肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风除湿，通络止痛。
To dispel wind and dampness, activate collaterals, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于风寒湿痹，历节风痛，转筋挛急，跌打伤痛。
Used for wind-cold-damp arthralgia, pain in the limbs, muscle spasm, and traumatic injury.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

阴虚血燥者慎用。
Caution should be exercised for those with yin deficiency and blood dryness.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

油松节

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为松科植物油松 Pinus tabulieformis Carr. 或马尾松 Pinus massoniana Lamb. 的干燥瘤状节或分枝节。全年均可采收，锯取后阴干。
Tabularformed Pine Node is the dried tuberculate or branched nodes of Pinus tabulieformis Carr, or Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Fam. Pinaceae). The drug is collected all year round, sawed and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆节段状或不规则的块状，长短粗细不一。外表面黄棕色、灰棕色或红棕色，有时带有棕色至黑棕色油斑，或有残存的栓皮。质坚硬。横截面木部淡棕色，心材色稍深，可见明显的年轮环纹，显油性；髓部小，淡黄棕色。纵断面具纵直或扭曲纹理。有松节油香气，味微苦辛。
Flattened-cylindrical sections or irregular pieces, variable in size. Externally yellowish-brown, greyish-brown or reddish-brown, sometimes with brown to blackish-brown oil stains, or remained with. Texture hard. Transversely cut surface, pale brown in wood, slightly darker in heart wood, annual rings distinct, oily； pith small, pale yellowish-brown. Longitudinally cut surface showing straight or twisted striations. Odour, turpentine-like aromatic； taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。管胞常成束，多断裂，直径10～81µm，圆形具缘纹孔明显；具缘纹孔单列于管胞壁，直径近等于管胞直径。射线管胞壁锯齿状增厚，交叉场纹孔窗格状。树脂团块不规则，棕黄色或棕红色。
（2）取〔含量测定〕项下的挥发油0.1ml，加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取α-松油醇对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含l0µl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃）-乙酸乙酯（17：3）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以香草醛硫酸试液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 Volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204甲法）测定。
本品含挥发油不得少于0.40%（ml/g）。

α-蒎烯 α-Pinene

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验

饮片 Prepared slices

油松节 Tabularformed Pine Node

炮制 Processing

劈成薄片或小块。
Split into thin slices or small pieces.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

入肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风除湿，通络止痛。
To dispel wind, remove dampness, unblock the collaterals and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于风寒湿痹，历节风痛，转筋挛急，跌打伤痛。
Wind-cold-dampness bi disorder, joint-running wind pain, hypertonicity of the sinews, and traumatic injuries.

用量 Dosage

9～15 g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

口服。
Oral administration.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

阴虚血燥者慎用。
Used with caution in patients with yin deficiency and blood dryness.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.