阿魏

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物新疆阿魏Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen 或阜康阿魏Ferula fukanensis K.M.Shen的树脂。春末夏初盛花期至初果期，分次由茎上部往下斜割，收集渗出的乳状树脂，阴干。
Ferula Resin is the resin of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen or Ferula fukanensis K.M.Shen (Fam. Umbelliferae). It is collected by making oblique incisions from the upper part of the stem downwards during the period from the late spring to the early summer when the plant is in full flower to early fruiting stage, and collecting the exuded milky resin, which is then dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的块状和脂膏状。颜色深浅不一，表面蜡黄色至棕黄色。块状者体轻，质地似蜡，断面稍有孔隙；新鲜切面颜色较浅，放置后色渐深。脂膏状者黏稠，灰白色。具强烈而持久的蒜样特异臭气，味辛辣，嚼之有灼烧感。
The drug occurs as irregular masses or as a fatty mass. The colour varies from light to dark, and the surface is waxy yellow to brownish-yellow. The masses are light in weight and have a waxy texture, with slight porosity on the fractured surface. The freshly fractured surface is lighter in colour and becomes darker on exposure to air. The fatty masses are viscous and greyish-white. It has a strong and persistent garlic-like odour and a pungent taste, causing a burning sensation when chewed.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末0.2g，置25ml量瓶中，加无水乙醇适量，超声处理10分钟，加无水乙醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取滤液0.2ml，置50ml量瓶中，加无水乙醇至刻度，摇匀。照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）测定。在323nm的波长处应有最大吸收。
(1) Take 0.2g of the powder, place it in a 25ml volumetric flask, add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol, treat it with ultrasound for 10 minutes, dilute with anhydrous ethanol to the mark, shake well, filter, take 0.2ml of the filtrate, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, add anhydrous ethanol to the mark, shake well. Determine by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (General rule 0401). There should be maximum absorption at a wavelength of 323nm.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加稀盐酸20ml，超声处理10分钟，取上清液（必要时离心）用乙醚（40ml、20ml）振摇提取2次，合并乙醚液，挥干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取阿魏酸对照品，加乙醇-5%冰醋酸（1:4）的混合溶液，制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-二氯甲烷-冰醋酸（8:8:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%三氯化铁乙醇溶液-1%铁氰化钾溶液（1：1）混合溶液（临用配制）。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, treat with ultrasound for 10 minutes, take the supernatant (centrifuge if necessary), extract with ether (40ml, 20ml) by shaking twice, combine the ether solution, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take ferulic acid CRS, add a mixture of ethanol and 5% glacial acetic acid (1:4) to make a solution containing 1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane, dichloromethane, and glacial acetic acid (8:8:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a mixture of a 1% solution of ferric chloride in ethanol and a 1% solution of potassium ferricyanide (1:1) (prepared at the time of use). The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过8.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash\n\n不得过5.0%（通则2302）。

Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法规定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

取本品5～10g，照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
Take 5-10g of the sample and determine according to the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>.

本品含挥发油不得少于10.0%（ml/g）。
The content of volatile oil in the sample shall not be less than 10.0% (ml/g).

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃经。
Spleen and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

消积，化癥，散痞，杀虫。
To dissipate accumulation, resolve masses, disperse stagnation, and kill parasites.

主治 Indications

用于肉食积滞，瘀血癥瘕，腹中痞块，虫积腹痛。
Stagnation of meat and food, blood stasis and mass, abdominal masses, abdominal pain due to worm accumulation.

用量 Dosage

1～1.5 g。
1-1.5 g.

用法 Administration

多入丸散和外用膏药。
Mostly used in pill, powder and external ointment.

注意 Precautions

孕妇禁用。
Not suitable for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

密闭，置阴凉干燥处。
Store in a sealed container in a cool and dry place.

阿魏

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物新疆阿魏 Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen 或阜康阿魏 Ferula fukanensis K. M. Shen 的树脂。春末夏初盛花期至初果期，分次由茎上部往下斜割，收集渗出的乳状树脂，阴干。
Chinese Asafetida is the resin of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen or Ferula fukanensis K. M. Shen (Fam. Umbelliferae). The stem is incised from the upper part to the lower part at the flowering and early fruiting stages in the end of spring and early summer. The exuding emulsive resin is collected, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的块状和脂膏状。颜色深浅不一，表面蜡黄色至棕黄色。块状者体轻，质地似蜡，断面稍有孔隙；新鲜切面颜色较浅，放置后色渐深。脂膏状者黏稠，灰白色。具强烈而持久的蒜样特异臭气，味辛辣，嚼之有灼烧感。
Irregular lumps or resinous substance. Colour varying in intensity, externally waxy-yellow to brownish-yellow. Lumps light, texture waxy; fracture somewhat pored; freshly cut surface pale, gradually darken on storage. Resinous substance viscid, greyish-white. Odour, strongly and lastingly characteristic and alliaceous; taste, pungent, with the burning sensation on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末0.2g，置25ml量瓶中，加无水乙醇适量，超声处理10分钟，加无水乙醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取滤液0.2ml，置50ml量瓶中，加无水乙醇至刻度，摇匀。 照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）测定。在323nm的波长处应有最大吸收。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加稀盐酸20ml，超声处理10分钟，取上清液（必要时离心）用乙醚（40ml、20ml）振摇提取2次，合并乙醚液，挥干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取阿魏酸对照品，加乙醇-5%冰醋酸（1：4）的混合溶液，制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-二氯甲烷-冰醋酸（8：8：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%三氯化铁乙醇溶液-1%铁氰化钾溶液（1：1）混合溶液（临用配制）。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过8.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法规定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the hot extraction method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

取本品5～10g，照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
本品含挥发油不得少于10.0%（ml/g）。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、辛，温。归脾、胃经。
Warm; bitter and pungent.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

消积，化癥，散痞，杀虫。用于肉食积滞，瘀血癥瘕，腹中痞块，虫积腹痛。
To eliminate accumulation, relieve accumulation, dissipate stuffiness, and kill worms. Used for meat food retention, static blood, masses and stuffiness in the abdomen, and abdominal pain caused by worm accumulation.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

1～1.5g，多入丸散和外用膏药。
1-1.5 g, usually used in pills or powder, or paste for topical application.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇禁用。
Contraindicated during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

密闭，置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in tightly closed containers, and store in a cool and dry place.