皂角刺

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的干燥棘刺。全年均可采收，干燥，或趁鲜切片，干燥。
Gleditsia Spine is the dried spine of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fam. Leguminosae). It can be collected and dried throughout the year, or sliced and dried when fresh.

性状 Description

本品为主刺和1～2次分枝的棘刺。主刺长圆锥形，长3～15cm或更长，直径0.3～1cm；分枝刺长1～6cm，刺端锐尖。表面紫棕色或棕褐色。体轻，质坚硬，不易折断。切片厚0.1～0.3cm，常带有尖细的刺端；木部黄白色，髓部疏松，淡红棕色；质脆，易折断。气微，味淡。
The drug is the spine of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fam. Leguminosae), with the main spine and 1-2 secondary branches. The main spine is conical, 3-15cm long or longer, and 0.3-1cm in diameter; the secondary branches are 1-6cm long, with sharp tips. The surface is purplish-brown or brownish-brown. It is light in weight, hard in texture, and not easily broken. The slice is 0.1-0.3cm thick, often with sharp and thin spine tips; the wood is yellowish-white, the pith is loose, and light reddish-brown; the texture is brittle and easily broken. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，外被角质层，有时可见单细胞非腺毛。皮层为2～3列薄壁细胞，细胞中有的含棕红色物。中柱鞘纤维束断续排列成环，纤维束周围的细胞有的含草酸钙方晶，偶见簇晶，纤维束旁常有单个或2～3个相聚的石细胞，壁薄。韧皮部狭窄。形成层成环。木质部连接成环，木射线宽1～2列细胞。髓部宽广，薄壁细胞含少量淀粉粒。
（1）Cross-section of this product: 1 row of epidermal cells, covered by stratum corneum, sometimes single-celled non-glandular hairs. The cortex is 2~3 rows of parenchyma cells, and some of the cells contain brownish-red substances. The fiber bundles of the middle column sheath are intermittently arranged into rings, and some of the cells around the fiber bundles contain calcium oxalate square crystals, occasionally cluster crystals, and there are often single or 2~3 congregated stone cells next to the fiber bundles, and the walls are thin. Phloem stenosis. The cambium layer forms a loop. The xylem is connected into rings, and the wood rays are 1~2 rows wide cells. The medullary area is broad, and the parenchyma cells contain a small number of starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，加乙酸乙酯10ml振摇提取，取乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取皂角刺对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10μl、对照药材溶液5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-甲醇-浓氨试液（9：1：0.2）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）Take 1g of powder of this product, add 10ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 10ml of water to dissolve the residue, add 10ml of ethyl acetate to shake and extract, take ethyl acetate solution, evaporate dry, add 1ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve, as a test solution. In addition, 1g of the control herb of Saponaria saponaria was taken, and the control herb solution was made by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography (General 0502) test, 5~10μl of the test solution and 5μl of the control material solution were absorbed, and they were respectively placed on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, and the lower solution of dichloromethane-methanol-concentrated ammonia test solution (9:1:0.2) was used as the developing agent, expanded, taken out, dried, and placed under ultraviolet light (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatography of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color are displayed at the corresponding position of the chromatography of the control medicinal material.

饮片 Prepared Slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质；未切片者略泡，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Remove impurities; slightly soak the uncut slices, moisten them until they are translucent, cut them into thick slices, and dry them.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃经。
Liver and Stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

消肿托毒，排脓，杀虫。
It eliminates swelling, detoxifies, promotes suppuration, and kills parasites.

主治 Indications

用于痈疽初起或脓成不溃；外治疥癣麻风。
It is used for the initial stage of carbuncles and boils or when they have not yet ulcerated; externally for the treatment of scabies, tinea, and leprosy.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。外用适量。
3-10g. For external use, apply an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

醋蒸取汁涂患处。
Use the juice extracted by steaming with vinegar on the affected area.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

皂角刺

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的干燥棘刺。全年均可采收，干燥，或趁鲜切片，干燥。
Chinese Honeylocust Spine is the dried spine of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected all year round, and dried, or cut into slices when fresh, and dried.

性状 Description

本品为主刺和1～2次分枝的棘刺。主刺长圆锥形，长3～15cm或更长，直径0.3～lcm；分枝刺长1～6cm， 刺端锐尖。表面紫棕色或棕褐色。体轻，质坚硬，不易折断。切片厚0.1～0.3cm，常带有尖细的刺端；木部黄白色，髓部疏松，淡红棕色；质脆，易折断。气微，味淡。
Consisting of main spines and 1-2 branched spines. Main spines elongated conical, 3-15 cm long or longer, 0.3-1 cm in diameter; branched spines 1-6 cm long, acute at apex. Externally purplish-brown or brown. Texture light, hard, uneasily broken. Slices 0.1-0.3 cm thick, usually tapering-tipped; wood yellowish-white, pith lax, pale reddish-brown; texture fragile, easily broken. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，外被角质层，有时可见单细胞非腺毛。皮层为2～3列薄壁细胞，细胞中有的含棕红色物。中柱鞘纤维束断续排列成环，纤维束周围的细胞有的含草酸钙方晶，偶见簇晶，纤维束旁常有单个或 2～3个相聚的石细胞，壁薄。韧皮部狭窄。形成层成环。木质部连接成环，木射线宽1～2列细胞。髓部宽广，薄壁细胞含少量淀粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，加乙酸乙酯10ml振摇提取，取乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取皂角刺对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10μl、对照葯材溶液5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-甲醇-浓氨试液（9：1：0.2）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

饮片 Prepared slices

皂角刺 Chinese Honeylocust Spine

炮制 Processing

除去杂质；未切片者略泡，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter; for the unsliced spines, soak briefly, soften well, cut into thick slices and dry.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drugs.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛，温。归肝、胃经。
Warm; pungent. Liver and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

消肿托毒，排脓，杀虫。用于痈疽初起或脓成不溃；外治疥癣麻风。
To disperse swelling, expel toxin, expel pus, and kill worms. Used for abscesses, cellulitis, initial stage or matured without diabrosis. Topical application: scabies, tinea, and leprosy.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～10g。外用适量，醋蒸取汁涂患处。
3-10 g. Appropriate amount for topical application, steamed with vinegar, and the juice is applied to the affected area.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.