赤小豆

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物赤小豆Vigna umbellata Ohwi et Ohashi或赤豆Vigna angularis Ohwi et Ohashi的干燥成熟种子。秋季果实成熟而未开裂时拔取全株，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质，再晒干。
Red Bean is the dried mature seed of Vigna umbellata Ohwi et Ohashi or Vigna angularis Ohwi et Ohashi (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature but has not yet split, the whole plant is pulled out, dried, the seeds are removed, impurities are eliminated, and then dried.

性状 Description

赤小豆 呈长圆形而稍扁，长5～8mm，直径3～5mm。表面紫红色，无光泽或微有光泽；一侧有线形突起的种脐，偏向一端，白色，约为全长2/3，中间凹陷成纵沟；另侧有1条不明显的棱脊。质硬，不易破碎。子叶2，乳白色。气微，味微甘。
Red Bean is long and slightly flat, measuring 5-8 mm in length and 3-5 mm in diameter. The surface is purplish-red, dull or slightly glossy. One side has a linear protrusion of the hilum, which is white and inclined to one end, about 2/3 of the total length, with a central groove; the other side has an indistinct ridge. The texture is hard and not easily broken. The cotyledons are 2, milky white. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet taste.

赤豆 呈短圆柱形，两端较平截或钝圆，直径4～6mm。表面暗棕红色，有光泽，种脐不突起。
Red Bean is short and cylindrical, with both ends relatively flat or bluntly rounded, measuring 4-6 mm in diameter. The surface is dark reddish-brown and glossy, with no prominent hilum.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：赤小豆种皮表皮为1列栅状细胞，种脐处2列，细胞内含淡红棕色物，光辉带明显。支持细胞1列，呈哑铃状，其下为10列薄壁细胞，内侧细胞呈颓废状。子叶细胞含众多淀粉粒，并含有细小草酸钙方晶和簇晶。种脐部位栅状细胞的外侧有种阜，内侧有管胞岛，椭圆形，细胞壁网状增厚，其两侧为星状组织，细胞呈星芒状，有大型细胞间隙。
赤豆 子叶细胞偶见细小草酸钙方晶，不含簇晶。

（2）取本品粉末2g，加75%乙醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取赤小豆对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-冰醋酸-甲醇-水（70：35：10：8）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) To 2g of the powder add 10 ml of 75% ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Take another 2g of Red Bean as the reference material and prepare the reference material solution using the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-acetic acid-methanol-water (70:35:10:8) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 2% solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference material solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用75%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using 75% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 7.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

赤小豆 Red Bean

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，筛去灰屑。
Eliminate Foreign matter, and sift out the ash.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、酸。
Sweet and sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、小肠经。
Heart and small intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

利水消肿，解毒排脓。
To promote diuresis, reduce edema, detoxify, and promote suppuration.

主治 Indications

用于水肿胀满，脚气浮肿，黄疸尿赤，风湿热痹，痈肿疮毒，肠痈腹痛。
Used for edema, swelling, beriberi, jaundice with red urine, rheumatic fever, arthralgia, carbuncle, swelling, sores, and abscesses, and intestinal abscess with abdominal pain.

用量 Dosage

9～30 g。
9-30 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，研末调敷。
For external use, appropriate amount, grind into powder and apply.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, and protect against moth.

赤小豆

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物赤小豆Vigna umbellata ohei et Ohashi或赤豆Vigna angularis ohwi et ohashi的干燥成熟种子。秋季果实成熟而未开裂时拔取全株，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质，再晒干。
Rice Bean is the dried ripe seed of Vigna umbellata ohei et Ohashi or Vigna angularis ohwi et ohashi (Fam. Leguminosae). The plant is uprooted in autumn when the fruit is ripe but not dehiscent, and dried in the sun. The seed is collected, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the sun again.

性状 Description

赤小豆 呈长圆形而稍扁，长5～8mm，直径3～5mm。表面紫红色，无光泽或微有光泽；一侧有线形突起的种脐，偏向一端，白色，约为全长2/3，中间凹陷成纵沟；另侧有1条不明显的棱脊。质硬，不易破碎。子叶2，乳白色。气微，味微甘。
Seed of Vigna umbeuata Oblong and slightly flattened. 5-8 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter. Externally purplish-red. Lustrousless or somewhat lustrous, hilum linear-raised at one side and inclined to one end, white, about 2/3 in length of the seed, dented and forming a longitudinal furrow in the middle; and with an indistinct ridge at the other side. Texture hard, uneasily broken, cotyledons 2, milky-white. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet.

赤豆 呈短圆柱形，两端较平截或钝圆，直径4～6mm。表面暗棕红色，有光泽，种脐不突起。
Seed of Vigna angularis Short cylindrical, both ends slightly truncate or obtusely rounded, 4-6 mm in diameter. Externally dark brownish-red, lustrous, hilum not raised.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：赤小豆种皮表皮为1列栅状细胞，种脐处2列，细胞内含淡红棕色物，光辉带明显。支持细胞1列，呈哑铃状，其下为10列薄壁细胞，内侧细胞呈颓废状。子叶细胞含众多淀粉粒，并含有细小草酸钙方晶和簇晶。种脐部位栅状细胞的外侧有种阜，内侧有管胞岛，椭圆形，细胞壁网状增厚，其两侧为星状组织，细胞呈星芒状，有大型细胞间隙。
赤豆 子叶细胞偶见细小草酸钙方晶，不含簇晶。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用75%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractive<2201, the hot extraction method>, using 75% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 7.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

赤小豆 Rice Bean

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，筛去灰屑。
Eliminate foreign matter, sift from dust.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、酸。
Sweet and sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、小肠经。
Heart and small intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

利水消肿，解毒排脓。
To promote urination, alleviate edema, remove toxin and expel pus.

主治 Indications

用于水肿胀满，脚气浮肿，黄疸尿赤，风湿热痹，痈肿疮毒，肠痈腹痛。
Edema, distention and fullness, tinea pedis and puffiness, jaundice with dark urine, wind-dampness heat bi disorder, swelling abscess, sore and toxin, intestinal abscess with abdominal pain.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。外用适量，研末调敷。
9-30 g. Appropriate amount for topical application, ground into powder for applyment.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.