谷芽

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为禾本科植物粟Setaria italica （L. ） Beauv.的成熟果实经发芽干燥的炮制加工品。将粟谷用水浸泡后，保持适宜的温、湿度，待须根长至约6mm时，晒干或低温干燥。
Germinated Setaria Fruit is the processed product of the mature fruit of Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Fam. Gramineae), which is germinated and dried. The grains are soaked in water, kept at suitable temperature and humidity, and dried when the root hairs grow to about 6mm.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆球形，直径约2mm，顶端钝圆，基部略尖。外壳为革质的稃片，淡黄色，具点状皱纹，下端有初生的细须根，长约3～6mm，剥去稃片，内含淡黄色或黄白色颖果（小米）1粒。气微，味微甘。
Germinated Setaria Fruit is nearly spherical, about 2mm in diameter, with a blunt round top and a slightly pointed base. The husk is leathery, pale yellow, with dotted wrinkles. At the lower end, there are initial fine root hairs, about 3-6mm long. After removing the husk, there is one pale yellow or yellowish-white grain (millet). Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末类白色。淀粉粒单粒，类圆形，直径约30μm；脐点星状深裂。稃片表皮细胞淡黄色，回行弯曲，壁较厚，微木化，孔沟明显。下皮纤维成片长条形，壁稍厚，木化。
Powder white. Starch granules single, nearly spherical, about 30μm in diameter; hilum star-shaped and deeply fissured. Epidermal cells of husk pale yellow, recurved, with thickened walls, slightly lignified, and distinct pits. Fibers of the lower epidermis in long strips, with slightly thickened and lignified walls.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

出芽率 Germination rate

取本品5g，照药材和饮片取样法（通则0211）取对角两份供试品，检查出芽粒数与总粒数，计算出芽率（％）。
Take 5g of this product, according to the method of sampling for crude drugs and prepared slices <0211>, take two diagonal samples for the test, check the number of germinated grains and the total number of grains, and calculate the germination rate (%).

本品出芽率不得少于85%。
The germination rate of this product shall not be less than 85%.

饮片 Prepared slices

谷芽 Germinated barley

炮制 Processing

谷芽除去杂质。
Remove impurities from germinated barley.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

炒谷芽 Stir-fried germinated barley

炮制 Processing

取净谷芽，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至深黄色。
Take clean germinated barley, stir-fry until deep yellow according to the method of stir-frying <0213>.

性状 Description

本品形如谷芽，表面深黄色。有香气，味微苦。
This product is similar to germinated barley, with a deep yellow surface. It has a fragrant aroma and a slightly bitter taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过13.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 13.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过4.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 4.0 per cent.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 2.0 per cent.

焦谷芽 Charred germinated barley

炮制 Processing

取净谷芽，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至焦褐色。
Take clean germinated barley, stir-fry until charred brown according to the method of stir-frying <0213>.

性状 Description

本品形如谷芽，表面焦褐色。有焦香气。
This product is similar to germinated barley, with a charred brown surface. It has a burnt aroma.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃经。
Belongs to the spleen and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

消食和中，健脾开胃。
Promote digestion and invigorate the spleen, stimulate appetite.

主治 Indications

用于食积不消，腹胀口臭，脾胃虚弱，不饥食少。炒谷芽偏于消食，用于不饥食少。焦谷芽善化积滞，用于积滞不消。
Used for indigestion, abdominal distension, halitosis, weak spleen and stomach, lack of appetite. Stir-fried germinated barley is mainly used for lack of appetite. Charred germinated barley is good at resolving food stagnation and used for indigestion.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

谷芽

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为禾本科植物粟Setaria italica （L. ）Beauv.的成熟果实经发芽干燥的炮制加工品。将粟谷用水浸泡后，保持适宜的温、湿度，待须根长至约6mm时，晒干或低温干燥。
Millet Sprout is the processed ripe fruit of Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Fam. Gramineae) by germinating. The fruit is soaked in water at an appropriate temperature and moisture until the fibrous root grows up to about 4 mm long, and dry in the sun, or at a lower temperature.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆球形，直径约2mm，顶端钝圆，基部略尖。外壳为革质的稃片，淡黄色，具点状皱纹，下端有初生的细须根，长约3～6mm，剥去稃片，内含淡黄色或黄白色颖果（小米）1粒。气微，味微甘。
Subspheroidal, about 2 mm in diameter, apex obtuse-rounded, base somewhat acute. Outer shell consisting of coriaceous lemma and palea, pale yellow, with pointed wrinkles and fine primary fibrous roots on the lower part, about 3-6 mm long; a pale yellow or yellowish-white caryopsis (miller) visible when removed from the lemma and palea. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末类白色。淀粉粒单粒，类圆形，直径约30μm；脐点星状深裂。稃片表皮细胞淡黄色，回行弯曲，壁较厚，微木化，孔沟明显。下皮纤维成片长条形，壁稍厚，木化。
Powder: Sub-white, starch granules simple, subrounded, about 30 μm in diameter, hilum stellate deep lobed. Epidermal cells of lemma and palea pale yellow, recurved, walls slightly thickened and lignified, pit-canals distinct. Hypodermis fibres arranged in group, strip-shaped, with slightly thickened and lignified walls.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

出芽率 Budding rate

取本品5g，照药材取样法（通则0211）取对角两份供试品，检查出芽粒数与总粒数，计算出芽率（％）。
本品出芽率不得少于85%。

饮片 Prepared slices

谷芽 Millet Sprout

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate foreign matter.

性状 Description

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

炒谷芽 Stir-baked Millet Sprout

取净谷芽，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至深黄色。
Stir-bake the clean Millet Sprout as described under the method for simple stir-baking <0213> until it becomes deep yellow.

性状 Description

本品形如谷芽，表面深黄色。有香气，味微苦。
Similar to Millet Sprout in shape. Externally dark yellow. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过13.0%。
Not more than 13.0 per cent, following the method for crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过4.0%。
Not more than 4.0 per cent, following the method for crude drug.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
Not more than 2.0 per cent, following the method for crude drug.

焦谷芽 Carbonized Millet Sprout

取净谷芽，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至焦褐色。
Stir-bake the clean Millet Sprout as described under the method for simple stir-baking <0213> until it becomes charred brown.

性状 Description

本品形如谷芽，表面焦褐色。有焦香气。
Similar to Millet Sprout in shape. Externally charred brown. Odour, charred aromatic.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，温。归脾、胃经。
Warm; sweet. Spleen and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

消食和中，健脾开胃。用于食积不消，腹胀口臭，脾胃虚弱，不饥食少。炒谷芽偏于消食，用于不饥食少。焦谷芽善化积滞，用于积滞不消。
To promote digestion, harmonize the middle, fortify the spleen and increase the appetite. Indicated for food retention, abdominal distension, fetid mouth odour, spleen-stomach weakness, poor appetite and reduced food intake. Fried Millet Sprout is better at promoting digestion and can be used for poor appetite and reduced food intake; carbonized Millet Sprout is better at accumulation and stagnation and can be used for food retention.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.