血竭

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为棕榈科植物麒麟竭Daemonorops draco Bl.果实渗出的树脂经加工制成。
Dragon's Blood is the resinous exudate from the fruit of Daemonorops draco Bl. (Fam. Palmae), processed.

性状 Description

本品略呈类圆四方形或方砖形，表面暗红，有光泽，附有因摩擦而成的红粉。质硬而脆，破碎面红色，研粉为砖红色。气微，味淡。在水中不溶，在热水中软化。
Dragon's Blood is slightly square or rectangular, dark red on the surface, glossy, with red powder due to friction. It is hard and brittle, with a red fracture surface, and powdered Dragon's Blood is brick red. It has a slight odor and a mild taste. It is insoluble in water and softens in hot water.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末，置白纸上，用火隔纸烘烤即熔化，但无扩散的油迹，对光照视呈鲜艳的红色。以火燃烧则产生呛鼻的烟气。
（1）Take 0.1g of the powder, place it on white paper, heat it with fire through the paper until it melts, but without spreading oil traces, it appears bright red when illuminated. Burning it produces a pungent smoke.

（2）取本品粉末0.1g，加乙醚10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取血竭对照药材0.1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液、对照药材溶液及〔含量测定〕项下血竭素高氯酸盐对照品溶液各10～20μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（19∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置日光下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的橙色斑点。
（2）Take 0.1g of the powder, add 10ml of ether, seal it, shake it for 10 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 0.1g of the reference drug Dragon's Blood and prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10-20μl of each of the test solution, the reference drug solution, and the Dragon's Blood resin high chlorate reference solution under the item of "determination of content". After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under daylight. The orange spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the Dragon's Blood resin high chlorate reference solution.

（3）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙醇10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，滤液加稀盐酸5ml，混匀，析出棕黄色沉淀，放置后逐渐凝成棕黑色树脂状物。取树脂状物，用稀盐酸10ml分次充分洗涤，弃去洗液，加20%氢氧化钾溶液10ml，研磨，加三氯甲烷5ml振摇提取，三氯甲烷层显红色，取三氯甲烷液作为供试品溶液。另取血竭对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10～20μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（19∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置日光下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同的橙色斑点。
（3）Take 0.5g of the powder, add 10ml of ethanol, seal it, shake it for 10 minutes, filter, add 5ml of dilute hydrochloric acid to the filtrate, mix well, and precipitate a brownish-yellow precipitate, which gradually solidifies into a brown-black resinous substance after standing. Take the resinous substance, wash it thoroughly with 10ml of dilute hydrochloric acid in portions, discard the washing liquid, add 10ml of 20% potassium hydroxide solution, grind, add 5ml of chloroform, shake and extract, the chloroform layer appears red, and take the chloroform solution as the test solution. Take 0.5g of the reference drug Dragon's Blood and prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10-20μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under daylight. The orange spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug Dragon's Blood.## 检查 | Examination

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

松香 Colophonium

取本品粉末0.2g，加乙醇25ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取松香酸对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述供试品溶液2μl、对照品溶液5μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸（9∶1∶0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，不得显相同颜色的斑点；再喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，不得显相同的蓝白色荧光斑点。
Take 0.2g of powder of this product, add 25ml of ethanol, sonicate for 15 minutes, filter, and filtrate as the test solution. In addition, the rosin acid reference substance was added, and ethanol was added to make a solution containing 1mg per ml as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography <0502> test, 2 μl of the above test solution and 5μl of the reference solution were absorbed, respectively on the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, with petroleum ether (60~90 °C)-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (9:1:0.1) as the developing solvent, expanded, taken out, dried, and placed under ultraviolet light (254nm) for inspection. In the chromatography of the test sample, spots of the same color shall not be displayed in the corresponding position of the chromatography of the reference product; Then spray with 10% sulfate ethanol solution, heat at 105 °C until the spots are clear and clear, and place them under ultraviolet light (365nm) to view, and the same blue-white fluorescent spots should not be displayed.

醇不溶物 Insoluble in alcohol

取本品粉末约2g，精密称定，置于已知重量的滤纸筒中，置索氏提取器内，加乙醇200～400ml，回流提取至提取液无色，取出滤纸筒，挥去乙醇，于105°C干燥4小时，精密称定，计算，不得过25.0%。
Take about 2g of the powder of this product, weigh it accurately, put it in a filter paper tube of known weight, put it in a Soxhlet extractor, add 200~400ml of ethanol, reflux and extract until the extract is colorless, take out the filter paper tube, volatilize the ethanol, dry it at 105 °C for 4 hours, accurately weigh and calculate, not more than 25.0%.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
It was determined by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液（50∶50）为流动相；检测波长为440nm；柱温40°C。理论板数按血竭素峰计算应不低于4000。
Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; acetonitrile-0.05mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (50∶50) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 440nm; Column temperature 40 °C. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 4000 according to the calculation of the exhaustion peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取血竭素高氯酸盐对照品9mg，精密称定，置50ml棕色量瓶中，加3%磷酸甲醇溶液使溶解，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，精密量取1ml，置5ml棕色量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得（每1ml中含血竭素26μg）（血竭素重量=血竭素高氯酸盐重量/1.377）。
Take 9mg of hemoexhaustion perchlorate reference substance, weigh it accurately, put it in a 50ml brown measuring flask, add 3% phosphate methanol solution to dissolve, dilute it to the scale, shake well, take 1ml of precision measurement, put it in a 5ml brown measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, and obtain (26 μg of hemopletin per 1ml) (hemopletin weight = hemopletin perchlorate weight/1.377).

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品适量，研细，取0.05～0.15g，精密称定，置具塞试管中，精密加入3%磷酸甲醇溶液10ml，密塞，振摇3分钟，滤过，精密量取续滤液1ml，置5ml棕色量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of this product, grind it finely, take 0.05~0.15g, weigh it accurately, place it in a plugged test tube, add 10ml of 3% methanol phosphate solution to it, plug it, shake it for 3 minutes, filter, take 1ml of filtrate with precision, put it in a 5ml brown measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, and get it.

测定法 Method of assay

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Respectively, 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and measured.

本品含血竭素（C17H14O3）不得少于1.0%。
This product contains no less than 1.0% of hemoexhaustion (C17H14O3).

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，打成碎粒或研成细末。
Remove impurities, break into small pieces or grind into fine powder.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝经。
Heart and Liver meridians.

功能 Actions

活血定痛，化瘀止血，生肌敛疮。
Promotes blood circulation and relieves pain, resolves blood stasis and stops bleeding, generates new tissue and heals wounds.

主治 Indications

用于跌打损伤，心腹瘀痛，外伤出血，疮疡不敛。
Used for injuries from falls or blows, abdominal pain due to blood stasis, external bleeding, and non-healing sores.

用量 Dosage

1～2g。
1-2g.

用法 Administration

研末，或入丸剂。外用研末撒或入膏药用。
Ground into powder, or use in pill form. For external use, sprinkle powdered herb or use in ointment form.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Store in a cool and dry place.

血竭

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为棕榈科植物麒麟竭Daemonorops draco Bl.果实渗出的树脂经加工制成。
Dragon's Blood is the prepared resin of the fruit of Daemonorops draco BI. (Fam. Palmae).

性状 Description

本品略呈类圆四方形或方砖形，表面暗红，有光泽，附有因摩擦而成的红粉。质硬而脆，破碎面红色，研粉为砖红色。气微，味淡。在水中不溶，在热水中软化。
Slightly sub-rounded square or square, externally dark red, lustrous, attached with friction-caused red colour. Texture hard and fragile, broken surface red, ground powder brick red. Odour, slight; taste, weak. Insoluble in water, softened in hot water.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末，置白纸上，用火隔纸烘烤即熔化，但无扩散的油迹，对光照视呈鲜艳的红色。以火燃烧则产生呛鼻的烟气。
(1) Add the powder to a piece of white paper, melt heating at a distance from the fire, but show no spreading oil stains, present bright red. It turns irritating smell being burnt.

（2）取本品粉末0.1g，加乙醚10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取血竭对照药材0.1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液、对照药材溶液及〔含量测定〕项下血竭素高氯酸盐对照品溶液各10～20µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（19：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的橙色斑点。
(2) To about 0.1 g of the powder add 10 ml of ether, stopper tightly, shake for 10 minutes, filter, collect the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 0.1 g of Draxonis Sanguis reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and methanol(19: 1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10-20 μl of each of the test solution, reference drug solution and dracorhodin perchlorate CRS solution(as the reference solution, see Assay). After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. The orange spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

（3）取本品粉末0. 5g，加乙醇10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，滤液加稀盐酸5ml，混匀，析出棕黄色沉淀，放置后逐渐凝成棕黑色树脂状物。取树脂状物，用稀盐酸10ml分次充分洗涤，弃去洗液，加20%氢氧化钾溶液10ml，研磨，加三氯甲烷5ml振摇提取，三氯甲烷层显红色，取三氯甲烷液作为供试品溶液。另取血竭对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10～20µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（19：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同的橙色斑点。
(3) To about 0.5 g of the coarse powder add 10 ml of ether, stopper tightly, shake for 10 minutes, filter, add 5 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid to the filtrate, mix well, a brownish-yellow precipitate is separated out, allow to stand for a while, then turn into brownish-black resin-like substance gradually. Wash the resin-like substance with 10 ml of hydrochloride acid for several times, discard the washings, add 10 ml of 20% potassium hydroxide, grind, add 5 ml of chloroform and then transfer to a separating funnel, shake, chloroform layer turns red, take the chloroform layer as the test solution. Prepare a solution of Draxonis Sanguis reference drug in the same manner, and use it as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and methanol(19: 1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10-20 μl of each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. The orange spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

松香 Rosin

取本品粉末0.1g，置具塞试管中，加石油醚（60～90℃）10ml，振摇数分钟，滤过，取滤液5ml，置另一试管中，加新配制的0.5%醋酸铜溶液5ml，振摇后，静置分层，石油醚层不得显绿色。
To 0.1 g of the powder in a stoppered tube add 10 ml of petroleum ether (60-90℃), shake for several minutes, filter. Transfer 5 ml of the filtrate to another tube, add 5 ml of newly-prepared 0.5% copper acetate solution, stand for a while, separate into two layers, the petroleum ether layer should not show green colour.

醇不溶物 Ethanol-insoluble matter

取本品粉末约2g，精密称定，置于已知重量的滤纸筒中，置索氏提取器内，加乙醇200～400ml，回流提取至提取液无色，取出滤纸筒，挥去乙醇，于105℃干燥4小时，精密称定，计算，不得过25.0%。
Weigh accurately about 2 g of the powder in a weighed filter paper tube, put into Soxhlets extractor, add 200-400 ml of ethanol, reflux untill the extract is colourless. Take out the filter paper tube, evaporate the ethanol, dry at 105℃ for 4 hours, weigh accurately and calculate, not more than 25.0%.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液（50：50）为流动相；检测波长为440nm；柱温40℃。理论板数按血竭素峰计算应不低于4000。

对照品溶液的制备
取血竭素高氯酸盐对照品9mg，精密称定，置50ml棕色量瓶中，加3%磷酸甲醇溶液使溶解，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，精密量取1ml，置5ml棕色量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得（每1ml中含血竭素26µg）（血竭素重量=血竭素高氯酸盐重量/1.377）。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品适量，研细，取0.05～0.15g，精密称定，置具塞试管中，精密加入3%磷酸甲醇溶液10ml，密塞，振摇3分钟，滤过，精密量取续滤液1ml，置5ml棕色量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10µl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品含血竭素（C17H14O3）不得少于1.0%。
It contains not less than 1.0% of dracorhodin (CHO).

饮片 Prepared slices

血竭 Dragon's Blood

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，打成碎粒或研成细末。
Eliminate the dust, break into small pieces or grind into fine powder.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝经。
Heart and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

活血定痛，化瘀止血，生肌敛疮。
To activate blood, relieve pain, resolve stasis, stanch bleeding, promote tissue regeneration and promote wound healing.

主治 Indications

用于跌打损伤，心腹瘀痛，外伤出血，疮疡不敛。
Traumatic injuries, stasis and pain in the heart and abdomen, traumatic bleeding, unhealing sore and ulcer.

用量 Dosage

研末，1～2g，或入丸剂。外用研末撒或入膏药用。
Ground into powder, 1-2 g, or used in pills. For topical application: ground into powder for spreading or used in paste.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.