肉苁蓉

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为列当科植物肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma或管花肉苁蓉Cistanche tubulosa（Schenk）Wight的干燥带鳞叶的肉质茎。春季苗刚出土时或秋季冻土之前采挖，除去茎尖。切段，晒干。
Cistanches Herb is the dried fleshy stem with scale leaves of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma or Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight (Fam. Orobanchaceae). The drug is collected in spring when the seedling has just emerged or in autumn before the soil freezes, removed from stem tip, cut into sections, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

肉苁蓉呈扁圆柱形，稍弯曲，长3～15cm，直径2～8cm。表面棕褐色或灰棕色，密被覆瓦状排列的肉质鳞叶，通常鳞叶先端已断。体重，质硬，微有柔性，不易折断，断面棕褐色，有淡棕色点状维管束，排列成波状环纹。气微，味甜、微苦。
Cistanches Herb is flat cylindrical, slightly curved, 3-15 cm long, 2-8 cm in diameter. The surface is brownish-brown or grayish-brown, densely covered with fleshy scale leaves arranged in a tile-like pattern, usually with the apex of the scale leaves broken. It is heavy, hard in texture, slightly flexible, not easily broken, with a brownish-brown fracture surface, and pale brown dot-like vascular bundles arranged in a wavy ring. It has a slight odor, sweet taste, and slightly bitter taste.

管花肉苁蓉呈类纺锤形、扁纺锤形或扁柱形，稍弯曲，长5～25cm，直径2.5～9cm。表面棕褐色至黑褐色。断面颗粒状，灰棕色至灰褐色，散生点状维管束。
Cistanches Herb (Cistanche tubulosa) is spindle-shaped, flat spindle-shaped, or flat cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-25 cm long, 2.5-9 cm in diameter. The surface is brownish-brown to blackish-brown. The fracture surface is granular, grayish-brown to grayish-brown, with scattered dot-like vascular bundles.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末1g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至近干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取松果菊苷对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄层板上，以甲醇-醋酸-水（2∶1∶7）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
To 1g of the powder add 20 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, concentrate the filtrate to near dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve echinacoside CRS and verbascoside CRS in methanol to produce solutions containing 1 mg per ml, respectively, as the Reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using polyamide film as the coating substance and a mixture of methanol, acetic acid, and water (2:1:7) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solutions.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，肉苁蓉不得少于35.0%，管花肉苁蓉不得少于25.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 35.0 per cent for Cistanche deserticola and not less than 25.0 per cent for Cistanche salsa.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the determination by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按松果菊苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; methanol was used as mobile phase A, and 0.1% formic acid solution was used as mobile phase B. Gradient elution was carried out according to the following table; the detection wavelength was 330 nm. the number of theoretical plates should be not less than 3000 according to the calculation of the peaks of Pineconjugoside.

───────────────────────────────────
时间（分钟） 流动相A（%） 流动相B（%）

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取松果菊苷对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品适量，精密称定，加50%甲醇制成每1ml各含0.2mg的混合溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of the reference substance of Cistanche deserticola and the reference substance of Cistanche salsa, accurately weigh, add 50% methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.2 mg of each substance per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置100ml棕色量瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，密塞，摇匀，称定重量，浸泡30分钟，超声处理40分钟（功率250W，频率35kHz），放冷，再称定重量，加50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，静置，取上清液，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1g of the powder of this medicinal material (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a 100ml brown volumetric flask, accurately add 50% methanol 50ml, seal tightly, shake well, weigh, soak for 30 minutes, ultrasonicate for 40 minutes (power 250W, frequency 35kHz), cool, weigh again, add 50% methanol to make up for the lost weight, shake well, let it stand, take the supernatant, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，肉苁蓉含松果菊苷（Ｃ35H46O20）和毛蕊花糖苷（Ｃ29H36O15）的总量不得少于0.30%；管花肉苁蓉含松果菊苷（Ｃ35H46O20）和毛蕊花糖苷（Ｃ29H36O15）的总量不得少于1.5%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of Cistanche deserticola containing Cistanoside (C35H46O20) and Echinacoside (C29H36O15) shall not be less than 0.30%; the total content of Cistanche salsa containing Cistanoside (C35H46O20) and Echinacoside (C29H36O15) shall not be less than 1.5%.

饮片 Prepared slices

肉苁蓉片 Sliced Cistanche deserticola

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性状 Property

肉苁蓉片 Cistanche deserticola slices

呈不规则形的厚片。表面棕褐色或灰棕色。有的可见肉质鳞叶。切面有淡棕色或棕黄色点状维管束，排列成波状环纹。气微，味甜、微苦。
Irregular thick slices. The surface is brown or grayish-brown. Some can see fleshy scales. The cut surface has light brown or brownish-yellow dot-like vascular bundles, arranged in wavy rings. Slight aroma, sweet and slightly bitter taste.

管花肉苁蓉片 Cistanche salsa slices

切面散生点状维管束。
The cut surface has scattered dot-like vascular bundles.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

酒苁蓉 Wine-processed Cistanche deserticola

炮制 Processing

取净肉苁蓉片，照酒炖或酒蒸法（通则0213）炖或蒸至酒吸尽。
Take clean Cistanche deserticola slices, stew or steam them with wine according to the method in <0213> until the wine is absorbed.

性状 Property

酒苁蓉 Wine-processed Cistanche deserticola

形如肉苁蓉片。表面黑棕色，切面点状维管束，排列成波状环纹。质柔润。略有酒香气，味甜，微苦。
Similar to Cistanche deserticola slices. The surface is dark brown, and the cut surface has dot-like vascular bundles arranged in wavy rings. The texture is soft and moist. Slightly fragrant with wine aroma, sweet taste, and slight bitterness.

酒管花肉苁蓉 Wine-processed Cistanche salsa

切面散生点状维管束。
The cut surface has scattered dot-like vascular bundles.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、大肠经。
Kidney and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

补肾阳，益精血，润肠通便。
Tonify kidney yang, nourish essence and blood, moisten the intestines and promote bowel movements.

主治 Indications

用于肾阳不足，精血亏虚，阳痿不孕，腰膝酸软，筋骨无力，肠燥便秘。
Used for kidney yang deficiency, deficiency of essence and blood, impotence and infertility, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, weakness of tendons and bones, and dryness of the intestines and constipation.

用量 Dosage

6～10g。
6-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

肉苁蓉

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为列当科植物肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticoLa Y.C.Ma或管花肉苁蓉Cistanche tubulosa（Schenk）Wight的干燥带鳞叶的肉质茎。春季苗刚出土时或秋季冻土之前采挖，除去茎尖。切段，晒干。
Desertliving Cistanche is the dried fleshy stem with scales of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma or Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight (Fam. Orobanchaceae). The drug is collected before or at emerging in spring, removed from the inflorescences, cut into sections, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

肉苁蓉
呈扁圆柱形，稍弯曲，长3～15cm，直径2～8cm。表面棕褐色或灰棕色，密被覆瓦状排列的肉质鳞叶，通常鳞叶先端已断。体重，质硬，微有柔性，不易折断，断面棕褐色，有淡棕色点状维管束，排列成波状环纹。气微，味甜、微苦。

管花肉苁蓉
呈类纺锤形、扁纺锤形或扁柱形，稍弯曲，长5～25cm，直径2.5～9cm。表面棕褐色至黑褐色。断面颗粒状，灰棕色至灰褐色，散生点状维管束。

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末1g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至近干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取松果菊苷对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2µl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄层板上，以甲醇-醋酸-水（2：1：7）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
To 1 g of the powder add 20 ml of methanol, ultrasonicate for 15 minutes, and filter. Evaporate the filtrate to almost dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve echinacoside CRS and verbascoside CRS separately in methanol to produce two solutions each containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using polyamide as the coating substance and a mixture of methanol, acetic acid and water (2:1:7) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the film 2 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the film, dry in air, Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solutions.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，肉苁蓉不得少于35.0%，管花肉苁蓉不得少于25.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201, the cold maceration method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 35.0 per cent, for Herb of Cistanche deserticola; not less than 25.0 per cent, for Herb of Cistanche tubulosa.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic system and system suitability: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, methanol as the mobile phase A, 0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase B, elute in gradient as the following:

饮片 Prepared slices

肉苁蓉片 Herb of Cistanche deserticola (sliced)

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

肉苁蓉片呈不规则形的厚片。表面棕褐色或灰棕色。有的可见肉质鳞叶。切面有淡棕色或棕黄色点状维管束，排列成波状环纹。气微，味甜、微苦。
Thick slices, irregular. Externally brown or greyish-brown. Sometimes bearing fleshy scales. Cut surface with pale brown or brownish-yellow dotted vascular bundles, arranged in sinuous rings. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

管花肉苁蓉片
切面散生点状维管束。

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、大肠经。
Kidney and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

补肾阳，益精血，润肠通便。
To tonify the kidney yang, replenish essence and blood, moisten the intestines and open the bowels.

主治 Indications

用于肾阳不足，精血亏虚，阳痿不孕，腰膝酸软，筋骨无力，肠燥便秘。
Deficiency of kidney yang, deficiency of essence and blood, impotence and infertility, soreness and weakness in the lower back and knees, lack of strength of sinew and bone, and constipation caused by intestinal dryness.

用量 Dosage

6～10g。
6-10 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.