西洋参

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物西洋参Panax quinquefolium L.的干燥根。均系栽培品，秋季采挖，洗净，晒干或低温干燥。
American Ginseng Root is the dried root of Panax quinquefolium L. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, washed, dried in the sun or dried at low temperature.

性状 Description

本品呈纺锤形、圆柱形或圆锥形，长3～12cm，直径0.8～2cm。表面浅黄褐色或黄白色，可见横向环纹和线形皮孔状突起，并有细密浅纵皱纹和须根痕。主根中下部有一至数条侧根，多已折断。有的上端有根茎（芦头），环节明显，茎痕（芦碗）圆形或半圆形，具不定根（艼）或已折断。体重，质坚实，不易折断，断面平坦，浅黄白色，略显粉性，皮部可见黄棕色点状树脂道，形成层环纹棕黄色，木部略呈放射状纹理。气微而特异，味微苦、甘。
Roots spindle-shaped, cylindrical or conical, 3-12 cm long, 0.8-2 cm in diameter; surface light yellowish-brown or yellowish-white, with transverse annulations and linear lenticels, and fine shallow longitudinal wrinkles and rootlet scars. Lower part of main root with 1 to several lateral roots, most of them broken off. Some with rhizome (butt), nodes distinct, stem scars (bowl) circular or semicircular, with adventitious roots (stolons) or broken off. Heavy, solid, not easily broken; fracture even, light yellowish-white, slightly mealy; bark with yellowish-brown resin canals in dots, cambium ring yellowish-brown; wood slightly radiate. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and sweet.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20ml使溶解，加水饱和的正丁醇振摇提取2次，每次25ml，合并正丁醇提取液，用水洗涤2次，每次10ml，分取正丁醇液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇4ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取西洋参对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取拟人参皂苷F11对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rg1对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述六种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（15∶40∶22∶10）5～10°C放置12小时的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，分别显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
To 1g of the powder add 25 ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 20 ml of water, extract with two 25-ml portions of saturated n-butanol, combine the n-butanol extracts, wash with water twice, each time with 10 ml, take the n-butanol layer, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 4 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 1g of American Ginseng Root as the reference drug, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Take Pseudo-ginsenoside F11 CRS, Ginsenoside Rb1 CRS, Ginsenoside Re CRS, and Ginsenoside Rg1 CRS, dissolve each in methanol to produce a solution containing 2 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using a mixture of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water (15:40:22:10) as the mobile phase, and the lower layer of the solution left to stand at 5-10°C for 12 hours as the coating substance. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above six solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

人参 Ginseng

取人参对照药材1g，照〔鉴别〕项下对照药材溶液制备的方法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取〔鉴别〕项下的供试品溶液和上述对照药材溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（13∶7∶2）5～10°C放置12小时的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，不得显与对照药材完全相一致的斑点。
Take 1g of ginseng control herb, and make control herb solution according to the method of preparation of control herb solution under [Identification]. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502), absorb the test solution under the item of [Identification] and the above control solution of 2μl, respectively, on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with trichloromethane - methanol - water (13:7:2) 5 ~ 10 ° C for 12 hours of the lower layer of the solution as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid solution in ethanol, heated at 105 ° C until the spot color is clear, respectively, placed in daylight and ultraviolet light (365). The spots showed clear colour, and were examined under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm) respectively. The chromatogram of the test article should not show spots that are identical to those of the control herb.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过1mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg；汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
According to the determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper (General rule 2321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), lead shall not be more than 5mg/kg; cadmium shall not be more than 1mg/kg; arsenic shall not be more than 2mg/kg; mercury shall not be more than 0.2mg/kg; copper shall not be more than 20mg/kg.

其他有机氯类农药残留量 Residue of other organochlorine pesticides

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
Determined by gas chromatography (General rule 0521).

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

分析柱：以键合交联14%氰丙基苯基二甲基硅氧烷为固定液（DM1701或同类型）的毛细管柱（30m×0.32mm×0.25μm），验证柱：以键合交联5%苯基甲基硅氧烷为固定液（DB5或同类型）的毛细管柱（30m×0.32mm×0.25μm）；63Ni-ECD电子捕获检测器；进样口温度230°C，检测器温度300°C，不分流进样。柱温为程序升温:初始温度60°C，保持0.3分钟，以每分钟60°C升至170°C，再以每分钟10°C升至220°C，保持10分钟，再以每分钟1°C升至240°C，每分钟15°C升至280°C，保持5分钟。理论板数按α-BHC峰计算[1]应不低于1×105，两个相邻色谱峰的分离度应大于1.5。
Analytical column: capillary column (30m×0.32mm×0.25μm) with bonded crosslinked 14% cyanopropylphenyl dimethylsiloxane as stationary liquid (DM1701 or the same type), validation column: capillary column (30m×0.32mm×0.25μm) with bonded crosslinked 5% phenyl methylsiloxane as stationary liquid (DB5 or the same type); 63Ni-ECD Electron capture detector; inlet temperature of 230°C, detector temperature of 300°C, no split injection. The column temperature was programmed ramping: initial temperature of 60°C, held for 0.3 min, ramping to 170°C at 60°C per minute, then to 220°C at 10°C per minute, held for 10 min, then to 240°C at 1°C per minute, and to 280°C at 15°C per minute, held for 5 min. The theoretical plate count based on the α-BHC peak [1] should be not less than 1 × 105, and the separation of two neighbouring peaks should be greater than 1.5.

混合对照品储备液的制备 Preparation of mixed reference solution

分别精密称取五氯硝基苯、六氯苯、七氯（七氯、环氧七氯）、氯丹（顺式氯丹、反式氯丹、氧化氯丹）农药对照品适量，用正己烷溶解分别制成每1ml约含100μg的溶液。精密量取上述对照品溶液各1ml，置同一100ml量瓶中，加正己烷至刻度，摇匀；或精密量取有机氯农药混和对照品溶液1ml，置10ml量瓶中，加正己烷至刻度，摇匀，即得（每1ml含各农药对照品1μg）。
Weigh the appropriate amount of pesticide control of pentachloronitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor (heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide), chlordane (cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, oxidised chlordane), dissolve with hexane to make a solution containing about 100μg per 1ml. Precisely measure 1ml of each of the above control solution, put in the same 100ml measuring flask, add hexane to the scale, shake well; or precisely measure 1ml of organochlorine pesticide mixed control solution, put in a 10ml measuring flask, add hexane to the scale, shake well, that is to say, (each 1ml contains 1μg of each pesticide control).

混合对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of mixed reference solution

精密量取上述混合对照品储备液，用正己烷制成每1ml分别含1ng、2ng、5ng、10ng、20ng、50ng、100ng的溶液，即得。
Precisely measure the above mixed control stock solution, use hexane to make a solution containing 1ng, 2ng, 5ng, 10ng, 20ng, 50ng, 100ng per 1ml respectively, that is to say.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品，粉碎成细粉（过二号筛），取约5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加水30ml，振摇10分钟，精密加丙酮50ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用丙酮补足减失的重量，再加氯化钠约8g，精密加二氯甲烷25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率40kHz）15分钟，再称定重量，用二氯甲烷补足减失的重量，振摇使氯化钠充分溶解，静置，转移至离心管中，离心（每分钟3000转）3分钟，使完全分层，将有机相转移至装有适量无水硫酸钠的具塞锥形瓶中，放置30分钟。精密量取15ml，置40°C水浴中减压浓缩至约1ml，加正己烷约5ml，减压浓缩至近干，用正己烷溶解并转移至5ml量瓶中，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，转移至离心管中，缓缓加入硫酸溶液（9→10）1ml，振摇1分钟，离心（每分钟3000转）10分钟，分取上清液，加水1ml，振摇，取上清液，即得。
Take this product, crushed into fine powder (through the second sieve), take about 5g, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, add 30ml of water, shaking for 10 minutes, precision addition of acetone 50ml, weighing, ultrasonic treatment (power of 300W, frequency of 40kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, then weighing, with acetone to make up for the loss of weight, and then add about 8g of sodium chloride, precision addition of methylene chloride 25ml, weighing, and then transfer to the ultrasonic treatment (power of 300W, frequency of 40kHz) for 15 minutes, let stand, and make up for the loss of weight with methylene chloride. Weigh, ultrasonic treatment (power 300W, frequency 40kHz) for 15 minutes, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methylene chloride, shake to make sodium chloride fully dissolved, let stand, transfer to a centrifuge tube, centrifugation (3,000 revolutions per minute) for 3 minutes to make a complete stratification, the organic phase was transferred to a stoppered conical flask containing an appropriate amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and let stand for 30 minutes. Precisely measure 15 ml, placed in a 40 ° C water bath under reduced pressure concentration to about 1 ml, add about 5 ml of hexane, concentrated under reduced pressure to nearly dry, dissolved in hexane and transferred to 5 ml measuring flask, and diluted to the scale, shaking well, transferred to a centrifuge tube, slowly add 1 ml of sulfuric acid solution (9 → 10), shake for 1 minute, centrifugation (3000 revolutions per minute) for 10 minutes, divided into the supernatant, add water 1ml, shake, take the supernatant, that is obtained.

测定法 Method of determination

分别精密吸取供试品溶液和与之相应浓度的混合对照品溶液各1μl，注入气相色谱仪，分别连续进样3次，取3次平均值，按外标法计算，即得。
Precisely aspirate 1μl each of the test solution and the mixed control solution with the corresponding concentration respectively, inject into the gas chromatograph, inject the sample 3 times consecutively respectively, take the average value of the 3 times, and calculate according to the external standard method, that is to say, it is obtained.

本品中含五氯硝基苯不得过0.1mg/kg；六氯苯不得过0.1mg/kg；七氯（七氯、环氧七氯之和）不得过0.05mg/kg；氯丹（顺式氯丹、反式氯丹、氧化氯丹之和）不得过0.1mg/kg。
This product shall not contain more than 0.1mg/kg of quintozene, 0.1mg/kg of hexachlorobenzene, 0.05mg/kg of heptachlor (heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and heptachlor), and 0.1mg/kg of chlordane (cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, chlordane oxide and cis-chlordane).

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法项下的热浸法（通则2201）测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于30.0%。
Determined by the hot leaching method (General rule 2201) under the method for determination of alcohol-soluble leachate, using 70% ethanol as solvent, not less than 30.0%.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512).

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为203nm；柱温40℃。理论板数按人参皂苷Rb1峰计算应不低于5000。
Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution was used as mobile phase B. The gradient elution was carried out according to the following table; the detection wavelength was 203 nm; and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Theoretical plate number should be not less than 5000 calculated by ginsenoside Rb1 peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml各含人参皂苷Rg10.1mg、人参皂苷Re0.4mg、人参皂苷Rb11mg的溶液，即得。
Take ginsenoside Rg1 control, ginsenoside Re control, ginsenoside Rb1 control appropriate amount, precision weighing, add methanol to make each 1ml contains ginsenoside Rg10.1mg, ginsenoside Re0.4mg, ginsenoside Rb11mg solution, that is to obtain.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入水饱和的正丁醇50ml，称定重量，置水浴中加热回流提取1.5小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水饱和正丁醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液25ml，置蒸发皿中，蒸干，残渣加50%甲醇适量使溶解，转移至10ml量瓶中，加50%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take the product powder (through the third sieve) about 1g, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision addition of water-saturated n-butanol 50ml, weighing, placed in a water bath heating reflux extraction 1.5 hours, cooling, and then weighing, water-saturated n-butanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking well, filtered. Precision measure 25ml of filtrate, placed in an evaporating dish, evaporation, residue plus 50% methanol to make the appropriate amount of dissolved, transferred to a 10ml flask, add 50% methanol to the scale, shaking, filtration, filtration, take the filtrate, that is, obtained.

测定法 Method of determination

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Pipette 10μl each of control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and then determine, it is obtained.

本品含人参皂苷Rg1（Ｃ42H72O14）、人参皂苷Re（Ｃ48H82O18）和人参皂苷Rb1（Ｃ54H92O23）的总量不得少于2.0%。
This product contains ginsenoside Rg1 (C42H72O14), ginsenoside Re (C48H82O18) and ginsenoside Rb1 (C54H92O23) in a total amount of not less than 2.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

西洋参 American Ginseng Root

炮制 Processing

去芦，润透，切薄片，干燥或用时捣碎。
Remove the root hairs, soak until thoroughly moistened, cut into thin slices, and dry or crush when used.

性状 Property

本品呈长圆形或类圆形薄片。外表皮浅黄褐色。切面淡黄白至黄白色，形成层环棕黄色，皮部有黄棕色点状树脂道，近形成层环处较多而明显，木部略呈放射状纹理。气微而特异，味微苦、甘。
This product is long oval or round thin slices. The outer surface is light yellow-brown. The cut surface is pale yellow-white to yellow-white, with a layer of brownish-yellow forming a ring. The bark has yellow-brown resin ducts, which are more numerous and obvious near the ring. The wood is slightly radially textured. The odor is slight and distinctive, and the taste is slightly bitter and sweet.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于25.0%。
Not less than 25.0 per cent <2201>.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。

性 Property

凉。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、微苦。
Sweet, slightly bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肺、肾经。
Belongs to the heart, lung, and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

补气养阴，清热生津。
Tonifies qi and nourishes yin, clears heat and generates fluids.

主治 Indications

用于气虚阴亏，虚热烦倦，咳喘痰血，内热消渴，口燥咽干。
Used for qi deficiency and yin deficiency, restless due to deficiency heat, cough with phlegm and blood, internal heat with thirst, dry mouth and throat.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

另煎兑服。
Decocted separately and taken orally.

注意 Precautions

不宜与藜芦同用。
Not suitable for use with Chenopodium ambrosioides.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，密闭，防蛀。
Store in a cool, dry place, sealed, and protected from moth.

西洋参

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物西洋参Panax quinquefolium L.的干燥根。均系栽培品，秋季采挖，洗净，晒干或低温干燥。
American Ginseng is the dried root of Panax quinquefolium I. (Fam Araliaceae). All the commercial supplies are obtained from cultivated forms. The drug is collected in autumn, washed clean, and dried in the sun or at a lower temperature.

性状 Description

本品呈纺锤形、圆柱形或圆锥形，长3～12cm，直径0.8～2cm。表面浅黄褐色或黄白色，可见横向环纹和线形皮孔状突起，并有细密浅纵皱纹和须根痕。主根中下部有—至数条侧根，多已折断。有的上端有根茎（芦头），环节明显，茎痕（芦碗）圆形或半圆形，具不定根（艼）或已折断。体重，质坚实，不易折断，断面平坦，浅黄白色，略显粉性，皮部可见黄棕色点状树脂道，形成层环纹棕黄色，木部略呈放射状纹理。气微而特异，味微苦、甘。
Fusiform, cylindrical or conical, 3-12 cm in length, 0.8-2 cm in diameter. Externally pale yellowish- brown or yellowish-white, exhibiting transverse-striations and linear lenticel-like protrudings, and showing fine and dense longitudinal wrinkles and rootlet scars. The middle and lower part of the main root with 1 to several lateral roots, mostly broken off. Sometimes rhizome (Lutou) at the upper part showing distinct annulations, bearing rounded or semi-rounded stem scars (Luwan) and adventitious roots (Ding) or broken off. Texture heavy and hard, uneasily broken. fracture even, yellowish white, slightly starchy, bark exhibiting yellowish-brown dotted resin canals, cambium ring brownish-yellow, wood exhibiting less distinct radiate striations. Odour, slight and characteristic; taste, slightly bitter and sweet.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20ml使溶解，加水饱和的正丁醇振摇提取2次，每次25ml，合并正丁醇提取液，用水洗涤2次，每次10ml，分取正丁醇液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇4ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取西洋参对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取拟人参皂苷F11对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rg1对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述六种溶液各2µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（15：40：22：10）5～10℃放置12小时的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，分别显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
To 1 g of the powder, add 25 ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 20 ml of water. extract by shaking with two 25-ml quantities of n-butanol saturated with water. Combine the n-butanol extracts, wash with two 10-ml quantities of water. Separate the n-butanol layer, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 4 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 1 g of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Dissolve separately a quantity of pseudoginsenoside F11 CRS, ginsenosides Rb1. Re. Rg1 CRS in methanol to produce four solutions each containing 2 mg per ml as the reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and the lower layer of a mixture of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water (15 :40 : 22 : 10, standing for 12 hours at 5-10℃) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above six solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol and heat at 105℃ to the spots clear. Examine in daylight and under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution and reference solutions.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

人参 Ginseng Radix

取人参对照药材1g，照〔鉴别〕项下对照药材溶液制备的方法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取〔鉴别〕项下的供试品溶液和上述对照药材溶液各2µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（13：7：2）5～10℃放置12小时的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，不得显与对照药材完全相一致的斑点。
To 1 g of Ginseng Radix reference drug, carry out the method described under the test of Identification to produce a reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and the lower layer of a mixture of chloroform, methanol and water (13 : 7 : 2, standing for 12 hours at 5-10℃) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the test solution obtained under Identification and the above reference drug solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol and heat at 105℃ to spots clear. Examine in daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution should not be completely corresponded in position and colour to the spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过0.3mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg；汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Carry out the methods for determinations of lead, cadmium. arsenic, mercury and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrop-hotometry, or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>, not more than 5 mg/kg of lead, 0.3 mg/kg of cadmium, 2 mg/kg of arsenic, 0.2 mg/kg of mercury and 20 mg/kg of copper.

农药残留量 Pesticide Residues

照农药残留量测定法（通则2341有机氯类农药残留量测定法－第二法）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of pesticide residues <2341 Organochlorine pesticide residues determination Method 2>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法项下的热浸法（通则2201）测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using 70% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 30.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

去芦，润透，切薄片，干燥或用时捣碎。
Remove rhizome (Lutou), soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, dry, or pound to pieces before use.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、微苦，凉。归心、肺、肾经。
Cool; sweet and mild bitter. Heart, lung and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

补气养阴，清热生津。用于气虚阴亏，虚热烦倦，咳喘痰血，内热消渴，口燥咽干。
To tonify qi, nourish yin, clear heat, and engender fluid. Deficiency of qi and yin, deficiency heart with vexation and fatigue, wheezing and cough with phlegm blood. interior beat diarrhea, dry mouth and throat.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～6g，另煎兑服。
3-6 g, decocted alone and mixed with other decoction before taking.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与藜芦同用.
Incompatible with Veratri Nigri Radix et Rhizoma.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，密闭，防蛀。
Preserve in tightly closed containers, store in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.