石决明

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鲍科动物杂色鲍Haliotis diversicolor Reeve、皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino、羊鲍Haliotis ovina Gmelin、澳洲鲍Haliotis ruber (Leach)、耳鲍Haliotis asinina Linnaeus或白鲍Haliotis laevigata (Donovan)的贝壳。夏、秋二季捕捞，去肉，洗净，干燥。
Haliotidis Concha is the shell of Haliotis diversicolor Reeve, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, Haliotis ovina Gmelin, Haliotis ruber (Leach), Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, or Haliotis laevigata (Donovan) (Fam. Haliotidae). The shells are collected in summer and autumn, the flesh is removed, and the shells are washed and dried.

性状 Description

杂色鲍 呈长卵圆形，内面观略呈耳形，长7～9cm，宽5～6cm，高约2cm。表面暗红色，有多数不规则的螺肋和细密生长线，螺旋部小，体螺部大，从螺旋部顶处开始向右排列有20余个疣状突起，末端6～9个开孔，孔口与壳面平。内面光滑，具珍珠样彩色光泽。壳较厚，质坚硬，不易破碎。气微，味微咸。
Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is long-ovate, with the inner surface slightly ear-shaped, 7-9 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and about 2 cm high. The surface is dark red, with irregular spiral ridges and fine growth lines. The spiral part is small and the body whorl is large. There are more than 20 wart-like protrusions arranged from the top of the spiral part to the right, with 6-9 terminal apertures. The apertures are flush with the shell surface. The inner surface is smooth and has a pearly iridescence. The shell is thick and hard, not easily broken. It has a slight odor and a slightly salty taste.

皱纹盘鲍呈长椭圆形，长8～12cm，宽6～8cm，高2～3cm。表面灰棕色，有多数粗糙而不规则的皱纹，生长线明显，常有苔藓类或石灰虫等附着物，末端4～5个开孔，孔口突出壳面，壳较薄。
Haliotis discus hannai Ino is long-elliptical, 8-12 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, and 2-3 cm high. The surface is gray-brown, with numerous rough and irregular wrinkles and obvious growth lines. It is often attached with moss or lime insects. There are 4-5 terminal apertures, and the apertures protrude from the shell surface. The shell is thin.

羊鲍近圆形，长4～8cm，宽2.5～6cm，高0.8～2cm。壳顶位于近中部而高于壳面，螺旋部与体螺部各占1/2，从螺旋部边缘有2行整齐的突起，尤以上部较为明显，末端4～5个开孔，呈管状。
Haliotis ovina Gmelin is nearly circular, 4-8 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, and 0.8-2 cm high. The apex of the shell is located near the middle and higher than the shell surface. The spiral part and the body whorl each account for 1/2. There are 2 rows of neat protrusions from the edge of the spiral part, especially more obvious in the upper part. There are 4-5 terminal apertures, which are tubular in shape. The shell is thin and brittle.

澳洲鲍 呈扁平卵圆形，长13～17cm，宽11～14cm，高3.5～6cm。表面砖红色，螺旋部约为壳面的1/2，螺肋和生长线呈波状隆起，疣状突起30余个，末端7～9个开孔，孔口突出壳面。
Haliotis ruber( Leach) is flattened-ovate, 13-17 cm long, 11-14 cm wide, and 3.5-6 cm high. The surface is brick red, the spiral part is about 1/2 of the shell surface, and the spiral ridges and growth lines are undulating. There are more than 30 wart-like protrusions, and there are 7-9 terminal apertures. The apertures protrude from the shell surface.

耳鲍狭长，略扭曲，呈耳状，长5～8cm，宽2.5～3.5cm，高约1cm。表面光滑，具翠绿色、紫色及褐色等多种颜色形成的斑纹，螺旋部小，体螺部大，末端5～7个开孔，孔口与壳平，多为椭圆形，壳薄，质较脆。
Haliotis asinina Linnaeus is elongated, slightly twisted, and ear-shaped, 5-8 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, and about 1 cm high. The surface is smooth, with various colors of green, purple, and brown forming patterns. The spiral part is small and the body whorl is large. There are 5-7 terminal apertures, and the apertures are flush with the shell. The shell is thin and brittle.

白鲍呈卵圆形，长11～14cm，宽8.5~11cm，高3～6.5cm。表面砖红色，光滑，壳顶高于壳面，生长线颇为明显，螺旋部约为壳面的1/3，疣状突起30余个，末端9个开孔，孔口与壳平。
Haliotis laevigata(Donovan) is ovate, 11-14 cm long, 8.5-11 cm wide, and 3-6.5 cm high. The surface is brick red and smooth. The apex of the shell is higher than the shell surface. The growth lines are obvious. The spiral part is about 1/3 of the shell surface. There are more than 30 wart-like protrusions, and there are 9 terminal apertures. The apertures are flush with the shell surface.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末类白色。珍珠层碎块不规则形，表面多不平整，或呈明显的颗粒型，边缘多不整齐，有的呈层状结构；棱柱层碎块少见，断面观呈棱柱状，多有明显的平行条纹。
The powder of Haliotidis Concha is white. Fragments of the nacreous layer are irregular in shape, with uneven surfaces or obvious granular appearance. The edges are often irregular, and some have a layered structure. Fragments of the prismatic layer are rare, and the fracture surface is prismatic with obvious parallel stripes.

含量测定 Content determination

取本品细粉约0.15g，精密称定，置锥形瓶中，加稀盐酸10ml，加热使溶解，加水20ml与甲基红指示液1滴，滴加10%氢氧化钾溶液至溶液显黄色，继续多加10ml，加钙黄绿素指示剂少量，用乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液(0.05mol/L)滴定至溶液黄绿色荧光消失而显橙色。每1ml乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液(0.05mol/L)相当于5.004mg的碳酸钙(CaCO3)。
Take about 0.15g of the fine powder, accurately weigh it, place it in a conical flask, add 10ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, heat to dissolve, add 20ml of water and 1 drop of methyl red indicator, and titrate with 10% potassium hydroxide solution until the solution turns yellow. Continue to add 10ml, add a small amount of calcium hydroxide indicator, and titrate with 0.05mol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium titration solution until the yellow-green fluorescence in the solution disappears and turns orange. Each 1ml of 0.05mol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium titration solution is equivalent to 5.004mg of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

本品含碳酸钙(CaCO3)不得少于93.0%。
The content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in Haliotidis Concha should not be less than 93.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

石决明 Haliotidis Concha

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥，碾碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash, dry, and crush.

性状 Description

本品为不规则的碎块。灰白色，有珍珠样彩色光泽。质坚硬。气微，味微咸。
This product is irregularly crushed. Off-white with pearly coloured luster. The texture is hard. Slight gas, slightly salty taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

煅石决明 Calcinized Haliotidis Concha

炮制 Processing

取净石决明，照明煅法(通则0213)煅至酥脆。
Take the clean cassia, lighting calcination method (Tongzhi 0213) calcined until crispy.

性状 Description

本品为不规则的碎块或粗粉。灰白色无光泽，质酥脆。断面呈层状。
This product is irregularly crumbled or coarse powder. It is greyish-white without luster and crispy. The section is laminar.

鉴别 Identification

本品呈不规则团块状，暗灰色，不透明，加酸后产生气泡。粉末类白色。珍珠层碎块不规则形，表面多不平整，或呈明显的颗粒型，边缘多不整齐，有的呈层状结构；棱柱层碎块少见，断面观呈棱柱状，多有明显的平行条纹。
The product is in the form of irregular lumps, dark grey, opaque, and bubbles are produced when acid is added. Powder class white. Pearl layer fragments irregularly shaped, the surface is more uneven, or obvious granular type, the edge is more untidy, and some of them are laminar structure; prismatic layer fragments are rare, the cross-section view is prismatic, and there are more obvious parallel stripes.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含碳酸钙(CaCO3)不得少于95.0%。。
Same as the crude drug, Containing not less than 95.0% calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

咸。
Salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝经。
Liver meridian.

功能 Actions

平肝潜阳，清肝明目。
To pacify the liver and suppress yang, clear the liver and improve vision.

主治 Indications

用于头痛眩晕，目赤翳障，视物昏花，青盲雀目。
Used for headache, dizziness, redness and dimness of the eyes, blurred vision, and cataract.

用量 Dosage

6-20 g。
6-20 g.

用法 Administration

先煎。
Decoction first.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

石决明

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鲍科动物杂色鲍Haliotis diversicolor Reeve、皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino、羊鲍Haliotis ovina Gmelin、澳洲鲍Haliotis ruber（Leach）、耳鲍Haliotis asinina Linnaeus或白鲍Haliotis laevigata（Donovan）的贝壳。夏、秋二季捕捞，去肉，洗净，干燥。
Abalone Shell is the shell of Haliotis diversicolour Reeve, Haliotis discus hannai Ino., Haliotis ovina Gmelin, Haliotis ruber (Leach), Haliotis asinina Linnaeus or Haliotis laevigata (Donovan) (Fam.Haliotidae).The drug is collected in summer or autumn, removed from the soft part, washed clean, and dried.

性状 Description

本品茎呈圆柱形，上部多分枝，长30～80cm，直径0.2～0.6cm表面黄绿色或棕黄色，具纵棱线；质略硬，易折断，断面中部有髓。叶互生，暗绿色或棕绿色，卷缩易碎，完整者展平后为三回羽状深裂，裂片和小裂片矩圆形或长椭圆形，两面被短毛。气香特异，味微苦。
Shell of Haliotis diversicolour Elongated ovoid, inner surface somewhat ear-like; 7-9 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, about 2 cm high.The outer surface dark red, with many irregular spiral ribs and fine and dense liuea qerminativum; the spire small, the shell body large; more than 20 tubercular protuberances arranged towards right from the apex of the spire part, the terminal 6-9 protuberances with an opening on the same level with the shell surface.The inner surface smooth, with pearlaceous coloured lustre.The shell relatively thick, texture hard, uneasily broken.Odourless ; taste, slightly salty.

Shell of Haliotis discus hannai Oblong, 8-12 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, 2-3 cm high.The outer surface greyish-brown, with many rough and irregular wrinkles, liuea qerminativum distinct, usually with attachments such as bryozoans or spirobis, terminal 4-5 protuberances with an opening above the shell surface.The shell relatively thin.

Shell of Haliotis ovina Subrounded, 4-8 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, 0.8-2 cm high.The umbo near the mid-portion and higher than the surface of shell, the spire and the shell body each occupying about one half of the shell surface, the border of the spire bearing 2 rows of neat protuberances, more conspicuous at the upper part, the terminal 4-5 protuberances with tubiform openings.

Shell of Haliotis ruber Flat ovoid, 13-17 cm long, 11-14 cm wide, 3.5-6 cm high.The outer surface brick-red, the spire occupying about one half of the shell surface, the spiral ribs and liuea qerminativum wavy ridged; with more than 30 tubercular protuberances, the terminal 7-9 protuberances with an opening above the shell surface.

Shell of Haliotis asinina Long and narrow, somewhat twisted, auricular, 5-8 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, about 1 cm high.The outer surface smooth, with maculations of jade green, purple, brown colour, etc.; the spire small, the shell body large ; the terminal 5-7 protuberances with an opening on the same level with the shell surface, mostly ellipsoidal.The shell thin, texture relatively fragile.

Shell of Haliotis laevigata Ovoid, 11-14 cm long, 8.5-11 cm wide, 3-6.5 cm high.The outer surface brick-red, smooth, the umbo higher than the shell surface, liuea qerminativum relatively conspicuous ; the spire occupying about one third of the shell surface, with more than 30 tubercular protuberances, each of the last 9 protuberances with an opening on the same level with the shell surface.

含量测定 Assay

取本品细粉约0.15g，精密称定，置锥形瓶中，加稀盐酸10ml，加热使溶解，加水20ml与甲基红指示液1滴，滴加10%氢氧化钾溶液至溶液显黄色，继续多加10ml，加钙黄绿素指示剂少量，用乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）滴定至溶液黄绿色荧光消失而显橙色。每1ml乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）相当于5.004mg的碳酸钙（CaCO3）。
本品含碳酸钙（CaCO3）不得少于93.0%。

饮片 Prepared slices

石决明 Haliotidis Concha

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥，碾碎。
Processing Haliotidis Concha Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, dry and break to pieces.

本品为不规则的碎块。灰白色，有珍珠样彩色光泽。质坚硬。气微，味微咸。
In irregular fragments.Greyish-white, with pearl-like colour lustre.Texture hard.Odour, slight; taste slightly salty.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Assay As required for the crude drug.

煅石决明 Haliotidis Concha (calcined)

炮制 Processing

取净石决明，照明煅法（通则0213）煅至酥脆。
Calcine clean Haliotidis Concha as described under the method for calcining openly 〈0213〉 until it becomes crisp.

本品为不规则的碎块或粗粉。灰白色无光泽，质酥脆。断面呈层状。
In irregular fragments or coarse powder.Greyish-white, lacklustre.Texture crisp.Fracture showing layered.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含碳酸钙（CaCO3）不得少于95.0%。
Assay It contains not less than 95.0 per ent of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) following the method for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

咸，寒。归肝经。
Property and Flavor Cold; salty.

功能与主治 Actions

平肝潜阳，清肝明目。用于头痛眩晕，目赤翳障，视物昏花，青盲雀目。
Actions To pacify the liver, subdue yang, clear the liver to improve vision.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～20g，先煎。
Administration and dosage 6-20 g.It should be decocted first.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.