根据《中国药典·2020年版·一部》记载:本天然药材为为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的未成熟果实的果皮。7-8月采收未成熟的果实,在果皮上纵剖成四瓣至基部,除尽颠瓣,晒干,习称“四花青皮”。
This Natural Medicinal Material is the immature fruit peel of the Rutaceae plant Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties. The immature fruit is harvested in July and August, longitudinally cut into four sections to the base on the peel, with all the pulp removed, dried in the sun, and commonly referred to as "Si-hua-qing-pi".
NMM ID | nmm-00jl |
系统名 | Citrus reticulata Pericarp-immature |
系统中文名 | 柑橘未成熟果皮(gān jú wèi chéng shú guǒ pí) |
通用名 | Si-hua-qing-pi |
通用中文名 | 四花青皮(sì huā qīng pí) |
类型 | plant |
物种基源 | Citrus reticulata | 柑橘 |
药用部位 | pericarp immature | 未成熟果皮 |
特殊描述 | |
炮制方法 | |
系统名命名解释 | 根据《中国药典·2020年版·一部》记载:本天然药材为为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的未成熟果实的果皮。7-8月采收未成熟的果实,在果皮上纵剖成四瓣至基部,除尽颠瓣,晒干,习称“四花青皮”。 |
通用名命名解释 | NMMGN衍生自《中国药典·2020年版·一部》相关中药材中文名。 |
上级药材 | |
下级药材 | |
创建人 | |
审核专家 |
青皮
中文文本参考:《中国药典(2020年版)》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
概述 Overview
本品为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥幼果或未成熟果实的果皮。5~6月收集自落的幼果,晒干,习称“个青皮”;7~8月采收未成熟的果实,在果皮上纵剖成四瓣至基部,除尽瓤瓣,晒干,习称“四花青皮"。
Immature Tangerine Peel is the dried pericarp of the immature fruit or unripe fruit of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties (Fam. Rutaceae). The drug is collected in May to June when the immature fruit falls, dried, and called "Ge Qingpi"; or collected in July to August when the unripe fruit is longitudinally divided into four segments to the base of the pericarp, the segments are removed, and dried, called "Si Hua Qingpi".
性状 Description
四花青皮 果皮剖成4裂片,裂片长椭圆形,长4~6cm,厚0.1~0.2cm。外表面灰绿色或黑绿色,密生多数油室;内表面类白色或黄白色,粗糙,附黄白色或黄棕色小筋络。质稍硬,易折断,断面外缘有油室1~2列。气香,味苦、辛。
Si Hua Qingpi: The pericarp is divided into 4 lobes, lobes oblong, 4-6 cm long, 0.1-0.2 cm thick. The outer surface is grayish-green or blackish-green, densely covered with numerous oil glands; the inner surface is whitish or yellowish-white, rough, with yellowish-white or yellow-brown small veins. Texture slightly hard, easily broken, with 1-2 rows of oil glands on the outer edge of the fracture surface. Odour, fragrant; taste, bitter and pungent.
个青皮 呈类球形,直径0.5~2cm。表面灰绿色或黑绿色,微粗糙,有细密凹下的油室,顶端有稍突起的柱基,基部有圆形果梗痕。质硬,断面果皮黄白色或淡黄棕色,厚0.1~0.2cm,外缘有油室1~2列。瓤囊8~10瓣,淡棕色。气清香,味酸、苦、辛。
Ge Qingpi: Spherical or nearly spherical, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-green or blackish-green, slightly rough, with fine and dense concave oil glands, slightly raised stylar base at the apex, and circular fruit stalk scar at the base. Texture hard, the fracture surface of the pericarp is yellowish-white or pale yellow-brown, 0.1-0.2 cm thick, with 1-2 rows of oil glands on the outer edge. The locular cavities are 8-10, pale brown. Odour, fragrant; taste, sour, bitter, and pungent.
鉴别 Identification
(1)四花青皮 本品粉末灰绿色或淡灰棕色。中果皮薄壁组织众多,细胞形状不规则,壁稍增厚,有的成连珠状。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形或类方形,垂周壁增厚,气孔长圆形,直径20~28μm,副卫细胞5~7个;侧面观外被角质层,靠外方的径向壁稍增厚。草酸钙方晶存在于近表皮的薄壁细胞中,呈多面体形、菱形或方形,直径3~28μm,长至32μm。橙皮苷结晶棕黄色,呈半圆形、类圆形或无定形团块。螺纹导管、网纹导管细小。
(1)Si Hua Qingpi: The powder is grayish-green or pale grayish-brown. The middle pericarp has numerous thin-walled tissues, irregular cell shapes, slightly thickened walls, and some are in clusters. The epidermal cells of the pericarp are mostly polygonal or square in surface view, with thickened radial walls, elongated oval-shaped stomata, 20-28 μm in diameter, and 5-7 subsidiary cells; in side view, there is an outer cuticle layer, and the radial walls on the outer side are slightly thickened. Calcium oxalate prisms exist in the thin-walled cells near the epidermis, with polyhedral, rhombic, or square shapes, 3-28 μm in diameter, and up to 32 μm in length. Crystals of hesperidin are brownish-yellow, semi-circular, circular, or amorphous aggregates. Spiral vessels and reticulate vessels are small.
个青皮 瓢囊表皮细胞狭长,壁薄,有的呈微波状,细胞中含有草酸钙方晶,并含橙皮苷结晶。
Ge Qingpi: The epidermal cells of the locular cavity are elongated and thin-walled, some are wavy, and the cells contain calcium oxalate prisms and hesperidin crystals.
(2)取本品粉末0.3g,加甲醇10ml,加热回流20分钟,滤过,取滤液5ml,浓缩至lml,作为供试品溶液。另取橙皮苷对照品,加甲醇制成饱和溶液,作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法(通则0502)试验,吸取上述两种溶液各2μ1,分别点于同一用0.5%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上,以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(100:17:13)为展开剂,展至约3cm,取出,晾干,再以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水(20:10:1:1)的上层溶液为展开剂,展至约8cm,取出,晾干,喷以三氯化铝试液,置紫外光灯(365nm)下检视。供试品色谱中,在与对照品色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2)To 0.3 g of the powder add 10 ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 20 minutes, filter, take 5 ml of the filtrate, concentrate to 1 ml as the test solution. Take hesperidin CRS, add methanol to make a saturated solution as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (100:17:13) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Then use the upper layer solution of toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (20:10:1:1) as the mobile phase, develop to about 8 cm, take out, dry, spray with ferric chloride test solution, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.
检查 Examination
水分 Water
不得过13.0%(通则0832第四法)。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.
总灰分 Total ash
不得过6.0%(通则2302)。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
含量测定 Content determination
照高效液相色谱法(通则0512)测定。
Carry out the determination by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以甲醇-水(25:75)为流动相;检测波长为284nm。理论板数按橙皮苷峰计算应不低于1000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (25:75) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 284nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of hesperidin should not be less than 1000.
对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution
取橙皮苷对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液,即得。
Take an appropriate amount of hesperidin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.
供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution
取本品细粉约0.2g,精密称定,置50ml量瓶中,加甲醇30ml,超声处理30分钟,放冷,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,滤过,精密量取续滤液2ml,置5ml量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,即得。
Take about 0.2g of the fine powder of this product, accurately weigh, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, add 30ml of methanol, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, cool, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, accurately take 2ml of the filtrate, place it in a 5ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.
测定法 Determination method
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μ1,注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。
Accurately take 10μ1 of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
本品含橙皮苷(C28H34O15)不得少于5.0%。
The content of hesperidin (C28H34O15) in this product should not be less than 5.0 per cent.
饮片 Prepared slices
青皮 Unripe tangerine peel
炮制 Processing
青皮除去杂质,洗净,闷润,切厚片或丝,晒干。
Remove impurities from the unripe tangerine peel, wash it, moisten it, cut it into thick slices or threads, and dry it in the sun.
性状 Appearance
本品呈类圆形厚片或不规则丝状。表面灰绿色或黑绿色,密生多数油室,切面黄白色或淡黄棕色,有时可见瓢囊8~10瓣,淡棕色。气香,味苦、辛。
This product is round or irregular in shape, with a gray-green or black-green surface, densely covered with numerous oil cells, a yellow-white or light yellow-brown cut surface, and sometimes visible vesicles with 8-10 lobes, light brown. It has a fragrant aroma, bitter and pungent taste.
检查 Examination
水分 Water
同药材,不得过11.0%。
The water content should not exceed 11.0 per cent, same as the medicinal material.
总灰分 Total ash
同药材。
Same as the crude drug.
含量测定 Content determination
同药材,含橙皮苷(C28H34O15)不得少于4.0%。
Same as the medicinal material, the content of hesperidin (C28H34O15) should not be less than 4.0 per cent.
鉴别 Identification
同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.
醋青皮 Vinegar-processed unripe tangerine peel
炮制 Processing
取青皮片或丝,照醋炙法(通则0213)炒至微黄色。
Take slices or threads of unripe tangerine peel, stir-fry them according to the vinegar processing method <0213> until they turn slightly yellow.
性状 Appearance
本品形如青皮片或丝,色泽加深,略有醋香气,味苦、辛。
This product is similar to slices or threads of unripe tangerine peel, with a deep color, a slight vinegar aroma, and a bitter and pungent taste.
检查 Examination
水分 Water
同药材,不得过11.0%。
The water content should not exceed 11.0 per cent, same as the medicinal material.
总灰分 Total ash
同药材。
Same as the crude drug.
含量测定 Content determination
同药材,含橙皮苷(C28H34O15)不得少于3.0%。
Same as the medicinal material, the content of hesperidin (C28H34O15) should not be less than 3.0 per cent.
鉴别 Identification
同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.
性 Property
温。
Warm.
味 Flavor
苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.
归经 Meridian tropism
归肝、胆、胃经。
Liver, gallbladder, and stomach meridians.
功能 Actions
疏肝破气,消积化滞。
Soothe the liver and regulate qi, resolve accumulation and promote digestion.
主治 Indications
用于胸胁胀痛,疝气疼痛,乳癖,乳痈,食积气滞,脘腹胀痛。
Used for chest and hypochondriac distension and pain, hernia pain, breast lumps, breast abscess, food stagnation and qi stagnation, epigastric and abdominal distension and pain.
用量 Dosage
3~10g。
3-10 g.
用法 Administration
无。
None.
贮藏 Storage
置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.
青皮
文本参考:《中国药典(2015年版)》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
概述 Overview
本品为芸香科植物橘 Citrus reticulata Blanco 及其栽培变种的干燥幼果或未成熟果实的果皮。5~6月收集自落的幼果,晒干,习称“个青皮”;7~8月采收未成熟的果实,在果皮上纵剖成四瓣至基部,除尽瓤瓣,晒干,习称“四花青皮”。
Green Tangerine Peel is the dried pericarp of the young or immature fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars (Fam. Rutaceae). The fallen young fruit is collected in May and June, dried in the sun and known commonly as “Geqingpi”. The immature fruit is collected in July and August, cut longitudinally into four-valved but connected at the base, removed from the emergence completely and dried in the sun, and known commonly as “Sihuaqingpi”.
性状 Description
四花青皮
果皮剖成4裂片,裂片长椭圆形,长4~6cm,厚0.1~0.2cm。外表面灰绿色或黑绿色,密生多数油室;内表面类由色或黄白色,粗糙,附黄白色或黄棕色小筋络。质稍硬,易折断,断面外缘有油室1~2列。气香,味苦、辛。
个青皮
呈类球形,直径0.5~2cm。表面灰绿色或黑绿色,微粗糙,有细密凹下的油室,顶端有稍突起的柱基,基部有圆形果梗痕。质硬,断面果皮黄白色或淡黄棕色,厚0.1~0.2cm,外缘有油室1~2列。瓤囊8~10瓣,淡棕色。气清香,味酸、苦、辛。
鉴别 Identification
(1)四花青皮
本品粉末灰绿色或淡灰棕色。中果皮薄壁组织众多,细胞形状不规则,壁稍增厚,有的成连珠状。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形或类方形,垂周壁增厚,气孔长圆形,直径20~28μm,副卫细胞5~7个;侧面观外被角质层,靠外方的径向壁稍增厚。草酸钙方晶存在于近表皮的薄壁细胞中,呈多面体形、菱形或方形,直径3~28μm,长至32μm。橙皮苷结晶棕黄色,呈半圆形、类圆形或无定形团块。螺纹导管、网纹导管细小。
检查 Examination
水分 Water
不得过13.0%(通则0832 第四法)。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.
总灰分 Total ash
不得过6.0%(通则2302)。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
含量测定 Assay
照高效液相色谱法(通则0512)测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以甲醇-水(25:75)为流动相;检测波长为284nm。理论板数按橙皮苷峰计算应不低于1000。
对照品溶液的制备
取橙皮苷对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液,即得。
供试品溶液的制备
取本品细粉约0.2g,精密称定,置50ml量瓶中,加甲醇30ml,超声处理30分钟,放冷,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,滤过,精密量取续滤液2ml,置5ml量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,即得。
测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl,注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。
本品含橙皮苷(C28H34O15)不得少于5.0%。
It contains not less than 5.0 per cent of hesperidin (C28H34O15), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
饮片 Prepared slices
青皮 Green Tangerine Peel
炮制 Processing
除去杂质,洗净,闷润,切厚片或丝,晒干。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, moisten well in a tightly closed container, cut into thick slices or slivers, dry in the sun.
青皮
除去杂质,洗净,闷润,切厚片或丝,晒干。本品呈类圆形厚片或不规则丝状。表面灰绿色或黑绿色,密生多数油室,切面黄白色或淡黄棕色,有时可见瓤囊8~10瓣,淡棕色。气香,味苦、辛。
【检查】
水分
性味与归经 Property and Flavor
苦、辛,温。归肝、胆、胃经。
Warm; bitter and pungent. Liver, gallbladder and stomach meridians.
功能与主治 Actions
疏肝破气,消积化滞。用于胸胁胀痛,疝气疼痛,乳癖,乳痈,食积气滞,脘腹胀痛。
To soothe the liver, break qi, eliminate accumulation and resolve stagnation. Used for distending pain in the chest and hypochondrium, pain caused by genital disease, mammary hyperplasia, acute mastitis, food retention and qi stagnation, distending pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.
用法与用量 Administration and dosage
3~10g。
3-10 g.
贮藏 Storage
置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.
5-6月收集自落的幼果,晒于,习称“个青皮”;7-8月采收未成熟的果实,在果皮上纵剖成四瓣至基部,除尽颠瓣,晒干,习称“四花青皮”。
The young fruits that fall naturally are collected from May to June, sun-dried, commonly referred to as "individual green peels". From July to August, immature fruits are harvested. They are longitudinally cut into four sections to the base on the fruit peel, with all the petals removed, and then dried in the sun, commonly known as "four-flower green peels".