车前草

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的干燥全草。夏季采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Plantain Herb is the dried whole herb of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantaginaceae). The drug is collected in summer, removed from soil and sand, and dried.

性状 Description

车前 根丛生，须状。叶基生，具长柄；叶片皱缩，展平后呈卵状椭圆形或宽卵形，长6～13cm，宽2.5～8cm；表面灰绿色或污绿色，具明显弧形脉5～7条；先端钝或短尖，基部宽楔形，全缘或有不规则波状浅齿。穗状花序数条，花茎长。蒴果盖裂，萼宿存。气微香，味微苦。
Plantain has a tufted root. Leaves are basal, with long petioles; leaf blades are wrinkled and, when flattened, are ovate-elliptic or broadly ovate, 6-13 cm long and 2.5-8 cm wide; the surface is grayish-green or dirty green, with 5-7 distinct arcuate veins; the apex is obtuse or shortly pointed, the base is broadly wedge-shaped, the margin is entire or irregularly undulate. Spike-like inflorescences are several, with long peduncles. Capsules are dehiscent, with persistent calyx. Odour is slightly fragrant, taste is slightly bitter.

平车前 主根直而长。叶片较狭，长椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，长5～14cm，宽2～3cm。
Plantago depressa has a main root that is straight and long. Leaf blades are narrower, elongated-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-14 cm long and 2-3 cm wide.

鉴别 Identification

（1） 本品叶表面观：车前 上、下表皮细胞类长方形，上表皮细胞具角质线纹。气孔不定式，副卫细胞3～4个。腺毛头部2细胞，椭圆形，柄单细胞。非腺毛少见，2～5细胞，长100～320μm，壁稍厚，微具疣状突起。
平车前 非腺毛3～7细胞，长350～900μm。

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取大车前苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸-水（18∶3∶1.5∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take the reference substance of aucubin, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid-water (18:3:1.5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸岀物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于14.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 14.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液（17∶83）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按大车前苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Using octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution (17:83) as the mobile phase; detecting wavelength at 330nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of artemisinin should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取大车前苷对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加60%甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of artemisinin reference substance, accurately weigh it, place it in a brown volumetric flask, add 60% methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入60%甲醇50ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用60%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of 60% methanol, weigh it, subject it to ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 30 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含大车前苷（C29H36O16）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of artemisinin (C29H36O16) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

车前草 Plantain Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品为不规则的段。根须状或直而长。叶片皱缩，多破碎，表面灰绿色或污绿色，脉明显。可见穗状花序。气微，味微苦。
This product is irregularly segmented. The roots are bearded or straight and long. The leaf blade is wrinkled, much broken, with a grey-green or dirty-green surface and distinct veins. Spikes are visible. The gas is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。
Liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

清热利尿通淋，祛痰，凉血，解毒。
To clear heat, promote diuresis and relieve stranguria, resolve phlegm, cool blood, and detoxify.

主治 Indications

用于热淋涩痛，水肿尿少，暑湿泄泻，痰热咳嗽，吐血衄血，痈肿疮毒。
Used for hot stranguria with pain, edema with reduced urine output, summer dampness diarrhea, phlegm-heat cough, vomiting blood, nosebleed, carbuncle and swelling, and sores and toxins.

用量 Dosage

9～30 g。
9-30 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

车前草

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的干燥全草。夏季采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Plantain Herb is the dried herb of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantagi-Caceae ). The drug is collected in summer, removed from soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

车前
根丛生，须状。叶基生，具长柄；叶片皱缩，展平后呈卵状椭圆形或宽卵形，长6～13cm，宽2.5～8cm；表面灰绿色或污绿色，具明显弧形脉5～7条；先端钝或短尖，基部宽楔形，全缘或有不规则波状浅齿。穗状花序数条，花茎长。蒴果盖裂，萼宿存。气微香，味微苦。

平车前
主根直而长。叶片较狭，长椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，长5～14cm，宽2～3cm。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面观：车前
上、下表皮细胞类长方形，上表皮细胞具角质线纹。气孔不定式，副卫细胞3～4个。腺毛头部2细胞，椭圆形，柄单细胞。非腺毛少见，2～5细胞，长100～320μm，壁稍厚，微具疣状突起。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302).

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于14.0%。
Carry out the hot extraction method for determination of water-soluble extractives<2201>, not less than 14.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液（17：83）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按大车前苷峰计算应不低于3000。

饮片 Prepared slices

车前 Plantain

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, cut into sections, and dry.

本品为不规则的段。根须状或直而长。叶片皱缩，多破碎，表面灰绿色或污绿色，脉明显。可见穗状花序。气微，味微苦。
Irregular section. Roots fibrous or straight and long, lamina crumpled, frequently broken, externally greyish-green or blackish-green, with distinct arched veins. Spikes visible. Odour, slightly； taste slightly bitter.

性 Property

甘，寒。
Sweet, cold.

味 Flavor

微苦。
Slightly bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

肝、肾、肺、小肠经。
Liver, kidney, lung and small intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

清热利尿通淋，祛痰，凉血，解毒。
To clear heat, promote urination, relieve stranguria, dispel phlegm, cool the blood, and remove toxin.

主治 Indications

用于热淋涩痛，水肿尿少，暑湿泄泻，痰热咳嗽，吐血衄血，痈肿疮毒。
Heat strangury with chronic pain, edema, small quantity of urination, and diarrhea caused by summerheat-dampness, phlegm-heat cough, hematemesis, epistaxis, swelling abscess, sore and skin infections.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。
9-30 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.