天冬

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物天冬Asparagus cochinchinensis（Lour.）Merr.的干燥块根。秋、冬二季采挖，洗净，除去茎基和须根，置沸水中煮或蒸至透心，趁热除去外皮，洗净，干燥。
Asparagus Root is the dried tuberous root of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter, washed clean, remove the stem base and fibrous roots, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, remove the outer skin while hot, washed clean, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈长纺锤形，略弯曲，长5～18cm，直径0.5～2cm。表面黄白色至淡黄棕色，半透明，光滑或具深浅不等的纵皱纹，偶有残存的灰棕色外皮。质硬或柔润，有黏性，断面角质样，中柱黄白色。气微，味甜、微苦。
Roots spindle-shaped, slightly curved, 5-18 cm long, 0.5-2 cm in diameter; surface yellowish-white to pale yellow-brown, translucent, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles of varying depth, occasionally with remnants of gray-brown outer skin. Texture hard or slightly soft, sticky; fracture horny, middle column yellowish-white. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1） 本品横切面：根被有时残存。皮层宽广，外侧有石细胞散在或断续排列成环，石细胞浅黄棕色，长条形、长椭圆形或类圆形，直径32～110μm，壁厚，纹孔和孔沟极细密；黏液细胞散在，草酸钙针晶束存在于椭圆形黏液细胞中，针晶长40～99μm。内皮层明显。中柱韧皮部束和木质部束各31～135个，相互间隔排列，少数导管深入至髓部，髓细胞亦含草酸钙针晶束。
(1) Transverse section of the drug: Epidermis sometimes remaining. Cortex wide, with scattered or interrupted stone cells arranged in rings on the outer side, stone cells pale yellow-brown, elongated, elongated-elliptical or nearly circular, 32-110 μm in diameter, thick-walled, with extremely dense pits and pits; mucilage cells scattered, bundles of calcium oxalate needles present in elliptical mucilage cells, needles 40-99 μm long. Endodermis distinct. Vascular bundles of phloem and xylem in the middle column 31-135, arranged at intervals, a few vessels extending into the pith, pith cells also containing bundles of calcium oxalate needles.

（2） 取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液回收溶剂至干，残渣加水5ml使溶解，通过已处理好的C18固相萃取柱（1.0g，6ml，依次用甲醇与水各6ml预洗），依次用水、10%甲醇、甲醇各10ml洗脱，收集甲醇洗脱液，回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取天冬对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，使成条状。以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（13∶7∶2）10℃以下放置的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光及紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；紫外光下显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) To 1g of the powder add 25 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 5 ml of water, pass through a pre-treated C18 solid-phase extraction column (1.0 g, 6 ml, pre-washed with 6 ml of methanol and water, respectively), elute with 10 ml of water, 10% methanol, and methanol, respectively, collect the methanol eluate, evaporate the solvent to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Tiandong, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (13:7:2) placed at a temperature below 10°C as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 6 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution; the fluorescent spots appear in the same colour under ultraviolet light.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulfur dioxide residue

照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of sulfur dioxide residue <2331>, not more than 400 mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于80.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 80.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

天冬 Asparagus Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，迅速洗净，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, quickly wash, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形或不规则形的片。外表面黄白色至淡黄棕色，半透明，光滑或具深浅不等的纵皱纹，偶有残存的灰棕色外皮。质硬或柔润，有黏性。切面角质样，中柱黄白色。气微，味甜、微苦。
The product is in the form of rounded or irregularly shaped tablets. The outer surface is yellowish-white to yellowish-brown, translucent, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles of varying depths, with occasional remnants of greyish-brown outer skin. Texture hard or soft, sticky. The cut surface is keratin-like, and the middle column is yellowish white. Gas faint, taste sweet, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肾经。
Lung and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

养阴润燥，清肺生津。
To nourish yin and moisturize dryness, clear the lungs and generate fluids.

主治 Indications

用于肺燥干咳，顿咳痰黏，腰膝酸痛，骨蒸潮热，内热消渴，热病津伤，咽干口渴，肠燥便秘。
Dry cough due to lung dryness, cough with sticky phlegm, soreness and pain in the waist and knees, steaming bone and tidal heat, internal heat with excessive thirst, heat-induced fluid injury, dry throat and thirst, constipation due to intestinal dryness.

用量 Dosage

6～12 g。
6-12 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, protect from mold and insects.

天冬

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物天冬Asparagus cochinchinensis（Lour.） Merr.的干燥块根。秋、冬二季采挖，洗净，除去茎基和须根，置沸水中煮或蒸至透心，趁热除去外皮，洗净，干燥。
Cochinchinese Asparagus Root is the dried root tuber of Asparagus cochinchinensis ( Lour.) Merr. (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter, washed clean, removed from stem base and rootlet, boiled or steamed until the centre of the drug is devoid of white core, peeled while hot, washed clean, and then dried.

性状 Description

本品呈长纺锤形，略弯曲，长5～18cm，直径0.5～2cm。表面黄白色至淡黄棕色，半透明，光滑或具深浅不等的纵皱纹，偶有残存的灰棕色外皮。质硬或柔润，有黏性，断面角质样，中柱黄白色。气微，味甜、微苦。
Long fusiform, somewhat curved, 5-18 cm long, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, translucent, smooth or with deep and shallow longitudinal wrinkles, patches of the outer peel in greyish-brown colour occasionally found. Texture hard or tough and sleek, mucilaginous, fracture horny, stele yellowish-white. Odour, slight； taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

本品横切面：根被有时残存。皮层宽广，外侧有石细胞散在或断续排列成环，石细胞浅黄棕色，长条形、长椭圆形或类圆形，直径32～110μm，壁厚，纹孔和孔沟极细密；黏液细胞散在，草酸钙针晶束存在于椭圆形黏液细胞中，针晶长40～99μm。内皮层明显。中柱韧皮部束和木质部束各31～135个，相互间隔排列，少数导管深入至髓部，髓细胞亦含草酸钙针晶束。
Transverse section: Sometimes with remains of velamen. Cortex broad, with stone cells on the outer part, scattered or arranged in an interrupted ring, stone cells pale yellowish-brown, elongated-rectangular, long-elliptical or subrounded, 32-110 μm in diameter, walls thickened, with very fine and dense pits and pit-canals； mucilage cells scattered, raphides of calcium oxalate occurring in elliptical mucilage cells, 40-99 μm long. Endodermis distinct. Phloem strands and xylem strands 31-135, respectively, arranged alternatively, a few vessels developing towards the pith. Pith cells also containing raphides.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

二氧化硫残留量 Residue of sulfur dioxide

照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400mg/kg。
Carry out the method for determination of residue of sulfur dioxide <2331>, not more than 400 mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于80.0%。
Carry out the method described under the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201>, the hot extraction method, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 80.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

天冬 Cochinchinese Asparagus Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，迅速洗净，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean rapidly, cut into thin slices, and dry.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet and slightly bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肾经。
Lung and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

养阴润燥，清肺生津。
To nourish yin, moisten dryness, clear the heat and engender fluids.

主治 Indications

用于肺燥干咳，顿咳痰黏，腰膝酸痛，骨蒸潮热，内热消渴，热病津伤，咽干口渴，肠燥便秘。
Dry cough caused by lung dryness, whooping cough, greasy phlegm, limp aching in the lower back and knees, bone-steaming and tidal fever, interior heat wasting- thirst, heat disease consuming fluid, dry throat and thirst, and constipation caused by intestinal dryness.

用量 Dosage

6～12 g。
6-12 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated dry place, and protect from mould and moth.