山银花

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为忍冬科植物灰毡毛忍冬Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.、红腺忍冬 Lonicera hypoglauca Miq.、华南忍冬 Lonicera confusa DC.或黄褐毛忍冬 Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。夏初花开放前采收，干燥。
Honeysuckle Flower is the dried flower bud or the flower with the calyx of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera confusa DC. or Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng (Fam. Caprifoliaceae). The drug is collected in early summer before the flowers open and dried.

性状 Description

灰毡毛忍冬　呈棒状而稍弯曲，长3～4.5cm，上部直径约2mm，下部直径约1mm。表面黄色或黄绿色。总花梗集结成簇，开放者花冠裂片不及全长之半。质稍硬，手捏之稍有弹性。气清香，味微苦甘。
Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. is cylindrical and slightly curved, 3-4.5 cm long, about 2 mm in diameter at the upper part and about 1 mm in diameter at the lower part. The surface is yellow or yellowish-green. The peduncles are clustered, and the corolla lobes of the open flowers are less than half the length. The texture is slightly hard with a little elasticity when squeezed. It has a clear fragrance and a slightly bitter-sweet taste.

红腺忍冬　长2.5～4.5cm，直径0.8～2mm。表面黄白色至黄棕色，无毛或疏被毛，萼筒无毛，先端5裂，裂片长三角形，被毛，开放者花冠下唇反转，花柱无毛。
Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. is 2.5-4.5 cm long and 0.8-2 mm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-white to yellow-brown, hairless or sparsely hairy. The calyx tube is hairless, the apex is 5-lobed, the lobes are long-triangular and hairy. The lower lip of the corolla of the open flowers is reversed, and the style is hairless.

华南忍冬　长1.6～3.5cm，直径0.5～2mm。萼筒和花冠密被灰白色毛。
Lonicera confusa DC. is 1.6-3.5 cm long and 0.5-2 mm in diameter. The calyx tube and corolla are densely covered with gray-white hairs.

黄褐毛忍冬　长1～3.4cm，直径1.5～2mm。花冠表面淡黄棕色或黄棕色，密被黄色茸毛。
Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng is 1-3.4 cm long and 1.5-2 mm in diameter. The surface of the corolla is pale yellow-brown or yellow-brown, densely covered with yellowish-brown hairs.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品表面制片：灰毡毛忍冬腺毛较少，头部大多圆盘形，顶端平坦或微凹，侧面观5～16细胞，直径37～228μm；柄部2～5细胞，与头部相接处常为2（～3）细胞并列，长32～240μm，直径15～51μm。厚壁非腺毛较多，单细胞，似角状，多数甚短，长21～240（～315）μm，表面微具疣状突起，有的可见螺纹，呈短角状者体部胞腔不明显；基部稍扩大，似三角状。草酸钙簇晶，偶见。花粉粒，直径54～82μm。
Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. has fewer glandular hairs on the surface. The heads are mostly disc-shaped, with a flat or slightly concave apex. When viewed from the side, they consist of 5-16 cells with a diameter of 37-228 μm. The stalks consist of 2-5 cells, and at the junction with the heads, there are usually 2 (or 3) cells arranged side by side, with a length of 32-240 μm and a diameter of 15-51 μm. There are more non-glandular hairs with thick walls, which are single cells and resemble angular shapes. Most of them are very short, with a length of 21-240 (or 315) μm. The surface has small wart-like projections, and some may have visible spiral patterns. Those with short horn-like shapes have less distinct cell cavities in the body. The base is slightly enlarged and resembles a triangle. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are occasionally seen. The pollen grains have a diameter of 54-82 μm.

红腺忍冬　腺毛极多，头部盾形而大，顶面观8～40细胞，侧面观7～10细胞；柄部1～4细胞，极短，长5～56μm。厚壁非腺毛长短悬殊，长38～1408μm，表面具细密疣状突起，有的胞腔内含草酸钙结晶。
Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. has a large number of glandular hairs. The heads are shield-shaped and large, with 8-40 cells on the top surface and 7-10 cells on the side surface. The stalks consist of 1-4 cells and are extremely short, with a length of 5-56 μm. The non-glandular hairs have a significant difference in length, ranging from 38 to 1408 μm. The surface has fine wart-like projections, and some of the cell cavities contain calcium oxalate crystals.

华南忍冬　腺毛较多，头部倒圆锥形或盘形，侧面观20～60～100细胞；柄部2～4细胞，长50～176（～248）μm。厚壁非腺毛，单细胞，长32～623（～848）μm，表面有微细疣状突起，有的具螺纹，边缘有波状角质隆起。
Lonicera confusa DC. has more glandular hairs. The heads are inverted conical or disc-shaped, with 20-60-100 cells when viewed from the side. The stalks consist of 2-4 cells, with a length of 50-176 (or 248) μm. The non-glandular hairs are single cells, with a length of 32-623 (or 848) μm. The surface has fine wart-like projections, and some have visible spiral patterns. The edges have wavy keratinous elevations.

黄褐毛忍冬　腺毛有两种类型：一种较长大，头部倒圆锥形或倒卵形，侧面观12～25细胞，柄部微弯曲，3～5（～6）细胞，长88～470μm；另一种较短小，头部顶面观4～10细胞，柄部2～5细胞，长24～130（～190）μm。厚壁非腺毛平直或稍弯曲，长33~2000μm，表面疣状突起较稀，有的具菲薄横隔。
Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng has two types of glandular hairs: one is larger and longer, with an inverted conical or inverted ovoid head, 12-25 cells when viewed from the side, and a slightly curved stalk consisting of 3-5 (or 6) cells, with a length of 88-470 μm; the other is smaller and shorter, with 4-10 cells on the top surface of the head and 2-5 cells in the stalk, with a length of 24-130 (or 190) μm. The non-glandular hairs are straight or slightly curved, with a length of 33-2000 μm. The surface has sparse wart-like projections, and some have thin transverse partitions.

（2）取本品粉末0.2g，加甲醇5ml，放置12小时，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取绿原酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液10～20μl、对照品溶液10μl，分别点于同一硅胶H薄层板上，以乙酸丁酯-甲酸-水（7∶2.5∶2.5）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
To 0.2 g of the powder, add 5 ml of methanol, let it stand for 12 hours, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take chlorogenic acid CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel H as the coating substance and the upper layer solution of ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (7:2.5:2.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10-20 μl of the test solution and 10 μl of the Reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the assay by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.4%醋酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；绿原酸检测波长为330nm；皂苷用蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按绿原酸峰计算应不低于1000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.4% acetic acid solution as mobile phase B, perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; detect chlorogenic acid at a wavelength of 330nm; detect saponins using an evaporative light scattering detector. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of chlorogenic acid should not be less than 1000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取绿原酸对照品、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙对照品、川续断皂苷乙对照品适量，精密称定，加50%甲醇制成每1ml含绿原酸0.5mg、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙0.6mg、川续断皂苷乙0.2mg的混合溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of chlorogenic acid reference substance, lonicera japonica saponin reference substance, and forsythia suspensa saponin reference substance, accurately weigh, add 50% methanol to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.5mg of chlorogenic acid, 0.6mg of lonicera japonica saponin, and 0.2mg of forsythia suspensa saponin per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率40kHz）40分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, accurately add 50% methanol 50ml, weigh, subject to ultrasonic treatment (power 300W, frequency 40kHz) for 40 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液2μl、10μl，供试品溶液5～10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，以外标两点法计算绿原酸的含量，以外标两点法对数方程计算灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙、川续断皂苷乙的含量，即得。
Accurately draw 2μl and 10μl of the reference solution, and 5-10μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph for determination. Calculate the content of chlorogenic acid by the external standard two-point method, and calculate the content of lonicera japonica saponin and forsythia suspensa saponin by the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method.

本品按干燥品计算，含绿原酸（C16H18O9）不得少于2.0%，含灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙（C65H106O32）和川续断皂苷乙（C53H86O22）的总量不得少于5.0%。
Calculated on the dried product basis, the content of chlorogenic acid (C16H18O9) should not be less than 2.0%, and the total content of lonicera japonica saponin (C65H106O32) and forsythia suspensa saponin (C53H86O22) should not be less than 5.0%.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心、胃经。
Lung, heart, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，疏散风热。
Clear heat and detoxify, disperse wind-heat.

主治 Indications

用于痈肿疔疮，喉痹，丹毒，热毒血痢，风热感冒，温病发热。
Used for carbuncle and swelling, sore throat, erysipelas, dysentery with heat-toxin, wind-heat common cold, and fever due to warm diseases.

用量 Dosage

6～15g 。
6-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
Store in a cool and dry place, protect from moisture and moth.

山银花

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为忍冬科植物灰毡毛忍冬Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.、红腺忍冬Lonicera hypoglauca Miq.、华南忍冬Lonicera confusa DC.或黄褐毛忍冬Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S.C.Cheng的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。夏初花开放前采收，干燥。
Honeysuckle Flower is the dried flower bud or with opening flower of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera confusa DC. or Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng (Fam. Caprifoliaceae). The drug is collected before flowering in early summer, and dried.

性状 Description

灰毡毛忍冬 呈棒状而稍弯曲，长3～4.5cm，上部直径约2mm，下部直径约1mm。表面黄色或黄绿色。总花梗集结成簇，开放者花冠裂片不及全长之半。质稍硬，手捏之稍有弹性。气清香，味微苦甘。
红腺忍冬 长2.5～4.5cm，直径0.8～2mm。表面黄白至黄棕色，无毛或疏被毛，萼筒无毛，先端5裂，裂片长三角形，被毛，开放者花冠下唇反转，花柱无毛。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品表面制片：
灰毡毛忍冬 腺毛较少，头部大多圆盘形，顶端平坦或微凹，侧面观5～16细胞，直径37～228μm；柄部2～5细胞，与头部相接处常为2（～3）细胞并列，长32～240μm，直径15～51μm。厚壁非腺毛较多，单细胞，似角状，多数甚短，长21～240（～315）μm，表面微具疣状突起，有的可见螺纹，呈短角状者体部胞腔不明显；基部稍扩大，似三角状。草酸钙簇晶，偶见。花粉粒，直径54～82μm。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.4%醋酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；绿原酸检测波长为330nm；皂苷用蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按绿原酸峰计算应不低于1000。

时间（分钟） 流动相A（％） 流动相B（％）

0~10
11.5→15
88.5→85
10~12
15→29
85→71
12~18
29→33
71→67
18~30
33→45
67→55

对照品溶液的制备 取绿原酸对照品、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙对照品、川续断皂苷乙对照品适址，精密称定，加50%甲醇制成每1ml含绿原酸0.5mg、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙0.6mg、川续断皂苷乙0.2mg的混合溶液即得。
供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率40kHz）40分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

性 Property

甘，寒。
Sweet; cold.

味 Flavor

味微苦甘。
Slightly bitter and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心、胃经。
Lung, heart, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，疏散风热。
To clear heat, remove toxin, and disperse wind-heat.

主治 Indications

用于痈肿疔疮，喉痹，丹毒，热毒血痢，风热感冒，温病发热。
Used for abscess, swelling, deep-rooted boil, sore, throat bi disorder, erysipelas, blood dysentery caused by heat toxin, common cold caused by wind-heat, and warm-heat diseases.

用量 Dosage

6～15g。
6-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
N/A

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture and moth.