山茱萸

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为山茱萸科植物山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.的干燥成熟果肉。秋末冬初果皮变红时采收果实，用文火烘或置沸水中略烫后，及时除去果核，干燥。
Cornus Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Fam. Cornaceae). The fruit is collected when the pericarp turns red in late autumn or early winter, the fruit is slightly heated in boiling water or baked with gentle heat, the stone is removed, and then dried.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的片状或囊状，长1～1.5cm，宽 0.5～1cm。表面紫红色至紫黑色，皱缩，有光泽。顶端有的有圆形宿萼痕，基部有果梗痕。质柔软。气微，味酸、涩、微苦。
Fruit irregularly flattened or ovoid, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. Surface purplish-red to purplish-black, wrinkled, shiny. Apex with a circular scar of calyx, base with a scar of stalk. Texture soft. Odour, slight; taste, sour, astringent and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红褐色。果皮表皮细胞橙黄色，表面观多角形或类长方形，直径16～30μm，垂周壁连珠状增厚，外平周壁颗粒状角质增厚，胞腔含淡橙黄色物。中果皮细胞橙棕色，多皱缩。草酸钙簇晶少数，直径12～32μm。石细胞类方形、卵圆形或长方形，纹孔明显，胞腔大。
(1) The powder of this product is reddish brown. Pericarp epidermal cells orange-yellow, surface view polygonal or oblong-like, 16-30μm in diameter, pendant peripheral wall bead-like thickening, the outer flat peripheral wall granular keratin thickening, the cell cavity contains light orange-yellow material. Mesocarp cells orange-brown, much wrinkled. Calcium oxalate clusters are few, 12-32 μm in diameter, and the stone cells are square, ovoid, or oblong, with obvious pores and large cell cavities.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙酸乙酯10ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取熊果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20:4:0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的紫红色斑点；置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，显相同的橙黄色荧光斑点。
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 10ml of ethyl acetate, ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue with anhydrous ethanol 2ml to make dissolved, as a test solution. Take ursolic acid control product, add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, as the control solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 5μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid (20:4:0.5) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated to 105 ℃ until the spots show clear colour. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control article, the same violet-red spots were shown; under the ultraviolet light (365nm), the same orange-yellow fluorescent spots were shown.

（3）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取莫诺苷对照品、马钱苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含2mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（3:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(3) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add methanol 10ml, ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add methanol 2ml to make dissolved, as a test solution. Take Monoside control product and Machanoside control product, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 2mg each per 1ml, as the control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 2μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, trichloromethane - methanol (3:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated to 105 ℃ until the spots clear, placed in the ultraviolet lamp (365 nm) to see. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control article, the fluorescent spots of the same colour were shown.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过3%（通则2301）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0% （通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则 2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过1mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg； 汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>. The lead content should not exceed 5mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 1mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; the copper content should not exceed 20mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于50.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>, the cold maceration method, not less than 50.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine according to the method for high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.3%磷酸溶液为流动相B， 按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为240nm；柱温为 35℃。理论板数按马钱苷峰计算应不低于10000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.3% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase B. Perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; detect at a wavelength of 240nm; column temperature is 35℃. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of astragaloside should not be less than 10000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取莫诺苷对照品、马钱苷对照品适量，精密称定，加80%甲醇制成每1ml各含50μg的混合溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of astragaloside reference substance and calycosin reference substance, accurately weigh, add 80% methanol to make a mixed solution containing 50μg of each per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入80%甲醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用80%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.2g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of 80% methanol, weigh, heat reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 80% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各 10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含莫诺苷（C17H26O11）和马钱苷 （C17H26O10）的总量不得少于1.2%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of astragaloside (C17H26O11) and calycosin (C17H26O10) should not be less than 1.2%.

饮片 Prepared slices

山萸肉 Cornus Fruit

炮制 Processing

除去杂质和残留果核。
Remove impurities and residual fruit kernels.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

酒萸肉 Wine-processed Cornus Fruit

炮制 Processing

取净山萸肉，照酒炖法或酒蒸法（通则0213）炖或蒸至酒吸尽。
Take clean Cornus Fruit, stew or steam it according to the method for wine stewing or wine steaming <0213> until the wine is absorbed.

性状 Characteristics

本品形如山茱萸，表面紫黑色或黑色，质滋润柔软。微有酒香气。
This product is similar to Cornus Fruit in shape, with a purple-black or black surface and a moist and soft texture. It has a slight wine aroma.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含莫诺苷（C₁₇H₂₆O₁₁）和马钱苷 （C₁₇H₂₆O₁₀）的总量不得少于0. 70%。
Determine according to the method for content determination <0512>. The total content of astragaloside (C₁₇H₂₆O₁₁) and calycosin (C₁₇H₂₆O₁₀) should not be less than 0.70%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微温。
Slightly warm.

味 Flavor

酸、涩。
Sour, astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Meridian tropism: Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

补益肝肾，收涩固脱。
Tonify the liver and kidney, astringe and consolidate.

主治 Indications

用于眩晕耳鸣，腰膝酸痛，阳痿遗精，遗尿尿频，崩漏带下，大汗虚脱，内热消渴。
Used for dizziness and tinnitus, lumbago and knee pain, impotence and premature ejaculation, frequent urination and enuresis, excessive uterine bleeding and leukorrhea, profuse sweating and collapse, internal heat and polydipsia.

用量 Dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protected from moth.

山茱萸

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为山茱萸科植物山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥成熟果肉。秋末冬初果皮变红时采收果实，用文火烘或置沸水中略烫后，及时除去果核，干燥。
Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit is the dried ripe sarcocarp of Comas officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Fam. Comaceae). The fruit is collected in later autumn and early winter when the pericarp turns red, baked over a soft fire or treated with boiling water for a moment, removed from kern in time and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的片状或囊状，长1～1.5cm，宽0.5～lcm。表面紫红色至紫黑色，皱缩，有光泽。顶端有的有圆形宿萼痕，基部有果梗痕。质柔软。气微，味酸、涩、微苦。
Irregularly flaky or bladdery, 1-1.5 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide. Externally purplish-red to purplish- black, shrunken, lustrous. Showing a rounded scar of persistent calyx at the apex and a scar of fruit stalk at the base. Texture soft. Odour, slight； taste, sour, astringent and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红褐色。果皮表皮细胞橙黄色，表面观多角形或类长方形，直径16～30μm，垂周壁连珠状增厚，外平周壁颗粒状角质增厚，胞腔含淡橙黄色物。中果皮细胞橙棕色，多皱缩。草酸钙簇晶少数，直径12～32μm。石细胞类方形、卵圆形或长方形，纹孔明显，胞腔大。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙酸乙酯10ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取熊果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20：4：0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的紫红色斑点；置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，显相同的橙黄色荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

（果核、果梗）不得过3%（通则2301）。
(kerns and fruit stalks) Not more than 3 per cent<2301>.

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent<0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent<2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于50.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives<2201, the cold maceration method), not less than 50.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.3%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为240nm；柱温为35℃。理论板数按马钱苷峰计算应不低于10000。

时间（分钟） 流动相A（％） 流动相B（％）

0~20
7
93
20~50
7→20
93→80

对照品溶液的制备 取莫诺苷对照品、马钱苷对照品适量，精密称定，加80%甲醇制成每1ml各含50μg的混合溶液，即得。
供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入80%甲醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用80%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

As detector a spectrophotometer set at 240 nm, maintain the column temperature at 35℃. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 10000, calculated with reference to the peak of loganin.
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of morroniside CRS and loganin CRS, accurately weighed, in 80% methanol to prepare a mixture containing 50 μg of each per ml as the reference solution.

饮片 Prepared slices

山茱萸 Asiatic Cornelian Cherry

炮制 Processing

山萸肉 除去杂质和残留果核。
Pulp of Corni Fructus Eliminate foreign matter and remained kerns.

性状 Description

本品形如山茱萸，表面紫黑色或黑色，质滋润柔软。微有酒香气。
Similar to pulp of Corni Fructus in shape, externally purplish-black or black, texture moist and soft, with slightly wine scented.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含莫诺苷（C17H26O11）和马钱苷（C17H26O10）的总量不得少于0.70%。
As required for the crude drug. It contains not less than 0.70 per cent of the total amount of morroniside (C17 H26 O11 ) and loganin (C17H6 O10), following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

酸、涩，微温。归肝、肾经。
Mild warm； sour and astringent. Liver and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

补益肝肾，收涩固脱。用于眩晕耳鸣，腰膝酸痛，阳痿遗精，遗尿尿频，崩漏带下，大汗虚脱，内热消渴。
To tonify and nourish kidney and liver, astringe and prevent collapse. Dizziness, tinnitus, sore pain in the lower back and knees, impotence, seminal emission, enuresis, frequent urination, menstrual flooding and spotting, vaginal discharge, profuse sweating, collapse, internal heat and wasting-thirst.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.