土茯苓

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物光叶菝葜Smilax glabra Roxb.的干燥根茎。夏、秋二季采挖，除去须根，洗净，干燥；或趁鲜切成薄片，干燥。
Glabrous Greenbrier Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb. (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from fibrous roots, washed clean, and dried; or cut into thin slices and dried while fresh.

性状 Description

本品略呈圆柱形，稍扁或呈不规则条块，有结节状隆起，具短分枝，长5～22cm，直径2～5cm。表面黄棕色或灰褐色，凹凸不平，有坚硬的须根残基，分枝顶端有圆形芽痕， 有的外皮现不规则裂纹，并有残留的鳞叶。质坚硬。切片呈长圆形或不规则，厚1～5mm，边缘不整齐；切面类白色至淡红棕色，粉性，可见点状维管束及多数小亮点；质略韧，折断时有粉尘飞扬，以水湿润后有黏滑感。气微，味微甘、涩。
Rhizomes slightly cylindrical, slightly flattened or irregularly shaped, with nodular elevations, short branches, 5-22cm long, 2-5cm in diameter. Surface yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, uneven, with hard fibrous root residues, circular bud scars at the top of the branches, some irregular cracks in the outer skin, and residual scales. Texture hard. Transverse section elongated or irregular, 1-5mm thick, with uneven edges; white to pale reddish-brown in color, powdery, visible dot-like vascular bundles and numerous small bright spots; slightly tough in texture, with dust flying when broken, and sticky feeling when moistened with water. Odor slight; taste slightly sweet and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒类球形、多角形或类方形，直径8～48μm，脐点裂缝状、星状、三叉状或点状，大粒可见层纹；复粒由2～4分粒组成。草酸钙针晶束存在于黏液细胞中或散在，针晶长40～144μm，直径约5μm。石细胞类椭圆形、类方形或三角形，直径25～128μm， 孔沟细密；另有深棕色石细胞，长条形，直径约50μm，壁三面极厚，一面菲薄。纤维成束或散在，直径22～67μm。具缘纹 孔导管及管胞多见，具缘纹孔大多横向延长。
（1）The powder is light brown. Numerous starch grains are present, with single grains being spherical, polygonal, or square, with a diameter of 8-48μm. The hilum is cracked, star-shaped, trident-shaped, or punctate, and large grains may have layer markings; compound grains consist of 2-4 sub-grains. Calcium oxalate needle crystals are present in mucous cells or scattered, with needle crystals measuring 40-144μm in length and approximately 5μm in diameter. Stone cells are oval, square, or triangular in shape, with a diameter of 25-128μm and dense pits and grooves; there are also dark brown stone cells, which are elongated and have a diameter of approximately 50 μm, with extremely thick walls on three sides and a thin wall on one side. Fibers are present in bundles or scattered, with a diameter of 22-67μm. Laticiferous vessels and laticiferous cells with bordered pits are common, with the bordered pits mostly extending horizontally.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取落新妇苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法 （通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一 硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（13∶32∶9）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，放置5分钟后，置紫外光灯 （365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相 应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 20ml of methanol, and sonicate for 30 minutes. Filter and use the filtrate as the test solution. Take resveratrol CRS, add methanol to produce a solution containing 0.1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (13:32:9) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of aluminum chloride, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇- 0.1%冰醋酸溶液（39∶61）为流动相；检测波长为291nm。理论板数按落新妇苷峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.1% acetic acid solution (39:61) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 291nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinin should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取落新妇苷对照品适量，精密称定，加60%甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of artemisinin reference substance, accurately weigh, add 60% methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.8g，精密称定，置圆底烧瓶中，精密加入60%甲醇100ml，称定重量， 加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用60%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.8g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a round-bottom flask, accurately add 100ml of 60% methanol, weigh, heat reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含落新妇苷（C21H22O11）不得少于 0.45%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of artemisinin (C21H22O11) should not be less than 0.45%.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

未切片者，浸泡，洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
For uncut slices, soak, wash, moisten until thoroughly wet, cut into thin slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆形或不规则的薄片，边缘不整齐。 切面黄白色或红棕色，粉性，可见点状维管束及多数小亮点； 以水湿润后有黏滑感。气微，味微甘、涩。
This product is oblong or irregular flakes with irregular edges. section yellowish-white or reddish-brown, powdery, punctate vascular bundles and most small bright spots visible; It has a sticky and slippery feeling when moistened with water. The gas is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet and astringent.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于10.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 10.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、淡。
Sweet and bland.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃经。
Liver and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

解毒，除湿，通利关节。
To detoxify, eliminate dampness, and promote joint movement.

主治 Indications

用于梅毒及汞中毒所致的肢体拘挛，筋骨疼痛；湿热淋浊，带下，痈肿，瘰疬，疥癣。
Used for limb spasm, bone and muscle pain caused by syphilis and mercury poisoning; damp-heat urinary dysfunction, leukorrhea, carbuncle and furuncle, scrofula, and scabies.

用量 Dosage

15～60g。
15-60g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

土茯苓

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物光叶菝葜Smilax glabra Roxb.的干燥根茎。夏、秋二季采挖，除去须根，洗净，干燥；或趁鲜切成薄片，干燥。
Glabrous Greenbrier Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb. (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in summer or autumn, removed from fibrous root, washed clean, and dried, or sliced while fresh, and dried.

性状 Description

本品略呈圆柱形，稍扁或呈不规则条块，有结节状隆起，具短分枝，长5～22cm，直径2～5cm。表面黄棕色或灰褐色，凹凸不平，有坚硬的须根残基，分枝顶端有圆形芽痕，有的外皮现不规则裂纹，并有残留的鳞叶。质坚硬。切片呈长圆形或不规则，厚1～5mm，边缘不整齐；切面类白色至淡红棕色，粉性，可见点状维管束及多数小亮点；质略韧，折断时有粉尘飞扬，以水湿润后有黏滑感。气微，味微甘、涩。
Subcylindrical, slightly flattened or irregularly slat-shaped, with knob-like outgrowths and short branches, 5-22 cm long, 2-5 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-brown or greyish-brown, uneven, with hard remains of fibrous roots and the tops of branches possessing rounded bud scars. Some outer bark irregularly fissured and exhibiting remains of scales. Texture hard. Slices oblong or irregular-shaped, 1-5 mm thick, edge irregular; trans-versely cut surface whitish to pale red-brown, starchy, dotted vascular bundles and numerous small light spots visible. Texture slightly toughened, dusting on breaking, viscous and slippery when moistened. Odourless; taste slightly sweet and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒类球形、多角形或类方形，直径8～48μm，脐点裂缝状、星状、三叉状或点状，大粒可见层纹；复粒由2～4分粒组成。草酸钙针晶束存在于黏液细胞中或散在，针晶长40～144μm，直径约5μm。石细胞类椭圆形、类方形或三角形，直径25～128μm，孔沟细密；另有深棕色石细胞，长条形，直径约50μm，壁三面极厚，一面菲薄。纤维成束或散在，直径22～67μm。具缘纹孔导管及管胞多见，具缘纹孔大多横向延长。
（2）取本品粉末lg，加甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取落新妇苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（13：32：9）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，放置5分钟后，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

饮片 Prepared slices

土茯苓 Glabrous Greenbrier

炮制 Processing

未切片者，浸泡，洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
For the unsliced drug, soak, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry.

本品呈长圆形或不规则的薄片，边缘不整齐。切面黄白色或红棕色，粉性，可见点状维管束及多数小亮点；以水湿润后有黏滑感。气微，味微甘、涩。
In oblong or irregular thin slices, edge uneven. Cut surface yellowish-white or reddish-brown, starchy, dotted vascular bundles and numerous light particles visible; viscous and slippery when moistened. Odourless; taste slightly sweet and astringent.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于10.0%。
Extractives Not less than 10.0%, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Water and Total ash As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Assay As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、淡，平。归肝、胃经。
Neutral; sweet and bland. Meridian tropism Liver and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

解毒，除湿，通利关节。用于梅毒及汞中毒所致的肢体拘挛，筋骨疼痛；湿热淋浊，带下，痈肿，瘰疬，疥癣。
To remove toxin, remove dampness, relieve and facilitate joints. Indicated for spasm of limbs, pain in the sinews and bones caused by syphilis or mercury poisoning; dampness-heat strangury, turbid, vaginal discharge, swelling abscess, scrofula, scabies, and tinea.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

15～60g。
15-60 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.