郁金

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为姜科植物温郁金Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling、姜黄Curcuma Longa L.、广西莪术Curcuma kwangsiensis S. g. Lee et C. F. Liang 或蓬莪术Curcuma phaeocaulis Vai. 的干燥块根。前两者分别习称“温郁金”和“黄丝郁金”，其余按性状不同习称“桂郁金”或“绿丝郁金”。冬季茎叶枯萎后采挖，除去泥沙和细根，蒸或煮至透心，干燥。
Curcuma Root is the dried rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling, Curcuma Longa L., Curcuma kwangsiensis S. g. Lee et C. F. Liang, or Curcuma phaeocaulis Vai. (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The first two are respectively called "warm Curcuma Root" and "yellow silk Curcuma Root", and the rest are commonly called "gui Curcuma Root" or "green silk Curcuma Root" according to different characteristics. The drug is collected in winter after the stems and leaves have withered, removed from soil and fine roots, steamed or boiled until thoroughly cooked, and dried.

性状 Description

温郁金 Warm Curcuma Root

呈长圆形或卵圆形，稍扁，有的微弯曲，两端渐尖，长3.5～7cm，直径1.2～2.5cm。表面灰褐色或灰棕色，具不规则的纵皱纹，纵纹隆起处色较浅。质坚实，断面灰棕色，角质样；内皮层环明显。气微香，味微苦。
It is oblong or oval, slightly flattened, some slightly curved, tapering at both ends, 3.5~7cm long, 1.2~2.5cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-brown or grayish-brown, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles, and the longitudinal striated ridges are lighter. solid, grayish-brown in section,; The endothelial ring is distinct. The smell is slightly fragrant, and the taste is slightly bitter.

黄丝郁金 Yellow silk Curcuma Root

呈纺锤形，有的一端细长，长2.5～4.5cm，直径1～1.5cm。表面棕灰色或灰黄色，具细皱纹。断面橙黄色，外周棕黄色至棕红色。气芳香，味辛辣。
It is spindle-shaped, and some are slender at one end, 2.5~4.5cm long and 1~1.5cm in diameter. The surface is brownish-gray or grayish-yellow, with fine wrinkles. The section is orange-yellow, and the periphery is brownish-yellow to brownish-red. The smell is fragrant and spicy.

桂郁金 Gui Curcuma Root

呈长圆锥形或长圆形，长2～6.5cm，直径1～1.8cm。表面具疏浅纵纹或较粗糙网状皱纹。气微，味微辛苦。
It is oblong conical or oblong, 2~6.5cm long, 1~1.8cm diameter. The surface has shallow longitudinal lines or rough reticular wrinkles. The breath is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.

绿丝郁金 Green silk Curcuma Root

呈长椭圆形，较粗壮，长1.5-3.5cm，直径1～l.2cm。气微，味淡。
It is oblong, stout, 1.5-3.5cm long, 1~l.2cm in diameter. The breath is slight and the taste is light.

鉴别 Identification

（1）温郁金的横切面：表皮细胞有时残存，外壁稍厚。根被狭窄，为4～8列细胞，壁薄，略呈波状，排列整齐。皮层宽约为根直径的1/2，油细胞难察见，内皮层明显。中柱韧皮部束与木质部束各40～55个，间隔排列；木质部束导管2～4个，并有微木化的纤维，导管多角形，壁薄，直径20～90μm。薄壁细胞中可见糊化淀粉粒。
（1）Cross-section of warm Curcuma Root: epidermal cells are sometimes remnant, with a slightly thicker outer wall. The root is narrow, with 4~8 rows of cells, thin walls, slightly wavy, and neatly arranged. The width of the cortex is about 1/2 of the diameter of the root, the oil cells are difficult to see, and the endothelial layer is obvious. There are 40~55 baloem bundles and xylem bundles in the middle column, arranged at intervals; There are 2~4 xylem bundle ducts, with microlignified fibers, and the ducts are polygonal, thin-walled, and 20~90μm in diameter. Gelatinized starch granules may be seen in parenchyma cells.

黄丝郁金的横切面：根被最内层细胞壁增厚。中柱韧皮部束与木质部束各22～29个，间隔排列；有的木质部导管与纤维连接成环。油细胞众多。薄壁组织中随处散有色素细胞。
Cross-section of yellow silk Curcuma Root: The root is thickened by the innermost cell wall. There were 22~29 naloem bundles and xylem bundles in the middle column, arranged at intervals; Some xylem ducts are connected to fibers in rings. Oil cells are numerous. Pigment cells are scattered throughout the parenchyma.

桂郁金的横切面：根被细胞偶有增厚，根被内方有1～2列厚壁细胞，成环，层纹明显。中柱韧皮部束与木质部束各42～48个，间隔排列；导管类圆形，直径可达160μm。
Cross-section of gui Curcuma Root: the root cover cells are occasionally thickened, and there are 1~2 rows of thick-walled cells in the root cover, forming a ring, and the laminar pattern is obvious. There are 42~48 baloem bundles and xylem bundles in the middle column, arranged at intervals; The catheters are round and can reach a diameter of up to 160μm.

绿丝郁金的横切面：根被细胞无增厚。中柱外侧的皮层处常有色素细胞。韧皮部皱缩，木质部束64～72个，导管扁圆形。
Cross-section of green silk Curcuma Root: no thickening of root cover cells. Pigment cells are often present in the cortex on the lateral side of the middle column. The phloem is shrunken, the xylem bundle is 64~72, and the ducts are oblate.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加无水乙醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取郁金对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-乙酸乙酯（17:3）为展开剂，预饱和30分钟，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的主斑点或荧光斑点。
（2）Take 2g of powder of this product, add 25ml of absolute ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 1ml of ethanol to the residue to dissolve it as a test solution. In addition, 2g of tulip control herbs were taken and the control herb solution was made by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography <0502> test, absorb 5μl of each of the above two solutions, respectively point on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (17:3) as the developing solvent, pre-saturated for 30 minutes, unfold, take out, dry, spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105 °C until the spots are clearly colored. Inspect under daylight and UV light (365nm). In the chromatography of the test product, the main spot or fluorescent spot of the same color is displayed at the position corresponding to the chromatography of the control medicinal material.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Clean, soak until thoroughly moistened, cut into thin slices, and dry.

性状 Appearance

本品呈椭圆形或长条形薄片。外表皮灰黄色、灰褐色至灰棕色，具不规则的纵皱纹。切面灰棕色、橙黄色至灰黑色。角质样，内皮层环明显。
This product is oval or elongated thin slices. The outer surface is grayish-yellow, grayish-brown to grayish-brown, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles. The cut surface is grayish-brown, orange-yellow to grayish-black. Horny, with distinct inner bark.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
（Except for cross-sections）Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

辛，苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、心、肺经。
Liver, heart, and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

活血止痛，行气解郁，清心凉血，利胆退黄。
Promotes blood circulation and relieves pain, promotes qi circulation and relieves depression, clears the heart and cools the blood, and promotes bile secretion and reduces jaundice.

主治 Indications

用于胸胁刺痛，胸痹心痛，经闭痛经，乳房胀痛，热病神昏，癫痫发狂，血热吐衄，黄疸尿赤。
Used for chest and flank tingling, chest paralysis and heartache, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, breast tenderness, fever and dizziness, epilepsy, blood fever and vomiting, jaundice and urine redness.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

不宜与丁香、母丁香同用。
Not suitable for use with clove and mother clove.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, and protect against moth.

郁金

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为姜科植物温郁金Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling、姜黄Curcuma longa L.、广西莪术Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang或蓬莪术Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.的干燥块根。前两者分别习称“温郁金”和“黄丝郁金”，其余按性状不同习称“桂郁金”或“绿丝郁金”。冬季茎叶枯萎后采挖，除去泥沙和细根，蒸或煮至透心，干燥。
Turmeric Root Tuber is the dried root tuber of Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling, Curcuma longa L., Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang, or Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drugs derived from the former two are known as “Wenyujin” and “Huangsiyujin”, respectively, and the drugs derived from the others are known as "Guiyujin" or "Lusiyujin", respectively, according to different appearance. The drug is collected in winter when stem and leaves withered, removed from soil and rootlet, steamed or boiled thoroughly, and dried.

性状 Description

温郁金
呈长圆形或卵圆形，稍扁，有的微弯曲，两端渐尖，长3.5～7cm，直径1.2～2.5cm。表面灰褐色或灰棕色，具不规则的纵皱纹，纵纹隆起处色较浅。质坚实， 断面灰棕色，角质样；内皮层环明显。气微香，味微苦。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：
温郁金 表皮细胞有时残存，外壁稍厚。根被狭窄，为4～8列细胞，壁薄，略呈波状，排列整齐。皮层宽约为根直径的1/2，油细胞难察见，内皮层明 显。中柱韧皮部束与木质部束各40～55个，间隔排列；木质部束导管2～4个，并有微木化的纤维，导管多角形，壁薄，直 径20～90μm。薄壁细胞中可见糊化淀粉粒。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15. 0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9. 0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Processing Wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry.

本品呈椭圆形或长条形薄片。外表皮灰黄色、灰褐色至灰棕色，具不规则的纵皱纹。切面灰棕色、橙黄色至灰黑色。角质样，内皮层环明显。
In elliptical or slender thin slices. Externally greyish-white to greyish-brown, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles. Cut surface greyish-brown, orange-yellow to greyish-black, horny, endodermis ring distinct.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）
（检查） 同药材。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、苦，寒。归肝、心、肺经。
Cold; pungent and bitter. Liver, heart, and lung meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

活血止痛，行气解郁，清心凉血，利胆退黄。
To activate blood, relieve pain, move qi, relieve depression, clear the heart, cool the blood, disinhibit gallbladder and abate jaundice.

主治 Indications

胸胁刺痛，胸痹心痛，经闭痛经，乳房胀痛，热病神昏，癫痫发狂，血热吐衄，黄疸尿赤。
Stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, chest bi disorder and heart pain, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, distending pain in the breasts, loss of consciousness in heat disease, epilepsy, manic psychosis, blood heat with hematemesis, jaundice and deep-coloured urine.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与丁香、母丁香同用。
Incompatible with Caryophylli Flos, Caryophylli Fructus.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.